source: Zalán et al., 1990 Area = 1,127,400 km 2 Stratigraphic record ranging in age from Late Ordovician to Late Cretaceous Thickness ~ 7,000 m

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1 Brazil Round 10 Paraná Basin Eliane Petersohn, M.Sc. Geologist Bid Areas Department

2 Location Total area ~ 1,500,000 km 2 source: Zalán et al., 1990 Area = 1,127,400 km 2 Stratigraphic record ranging in age from Late Ordovician to Late Cretaceous Thickness ~ 7,000 m

3 Infrastructure The Paraná Basin is located in the most developed and in the biggest South America consumer market. There is a complete infrastructure needed to the development, production and drainage of oil and/or natural gas Region Population GDP (Gross domestic product) % GDP Central-West 13,269, ,160, South 26,729, ,261,428, Southeast 77,857,758 1,213,790,703, Total 117,857,158 1,570,242,291,

4 Infrastructure The Federal Government of Brazil will invest around US$ 5,0 billion in the transportation sector Source:

5 Gas pipeline infrastructure Gas pipeline: 8,071 km Transfer: 2,209 km Transportation: 5,862 km. Barra Bonita Gas Field UPGNs Cities Gas pipelines Gas pipelines in construction Capital Source: Anuário Estatístico ANP, 2007 Brazil-Bolivia Bolivia Gas pipeline (in Brazil): 2,583 km North: 1,418 km South: 1,165 km Uruguaiana-Porto Alegre gas pipeline: 615 km Section 1: 25 km Section 2 (in construction): 565 km Section 3: 25 km Lateral Cuiabá (in Brazil): 267 km

6 Historical Overview

7 Historical Overview The Paraná Basin has been investigated for petroleum since XIX century when it was identified tar sands occurrences in its eastern border Between 1882 and 1897: there was drilled the first well for petroleum exploration in Brazil. It was located in the locality of Bofete, São Paulo State; 1953 to 1978: Petrobras has drilled around 60 wells that were supported by geological mapping and geophysical surveys. Four sub-commercial oil accumulations have been found in Santa Catarina State;

8 Historical Overview 1979 to 1983: Intense petroleum exploration campaign, under risk contracts, was carried out by the Paulipetro and the British Petroleum companies. In this phase, 36 exploratory wells and reflection seismic lines have been obtained. Two sub-commercial gas accumulations have been found: Cuiabá Paulista and Chapéu do Sol; 1986 to 1998: Petrobras retook the exploration in the Paraná Basin, obtaining 18,000 km of seismic lines and drilling seven exploratory wells which resulted in the first commercial discovery: the Barra Bonita gas Field (1996) and the Mato Rico sub-commercial gas accumulation; 1999 to 2001: ANP Bid Rounds

9 Historical Overview Milani, 2008

10 Brazil Bid Rounds Round 0 (1998) Round 1 (1999) Block BT-PR-10 PETROBRAS Concession It was offered the BT-PR-1, BT-PR PR-2 and BT-PR-3 blocks, however they were not bid Round 2 (2000) Block BT-PR-4 bid by ElPaso Round 3 (2001) It was offered the BT-PR-5 and BT-PR-6 blocks, however they were not bid Round 0 Round 1 Round 2 Round 3

11 Available data Gravimetry data: ~ 60% of the area Magnetometry data: ~ 85% of the area 30,000 km 2D seismic lines 171 km 2 3D seismic survey Exploration wells: 124 (44 with seismic control)

12 Gravimetry data Carried on by IAG/USP, IBGE, ON, CPRM e UFPR Bouguer Map of the Paraná Basin

13 Magnetometry data

14 Seismic data ~ 30,000 km 2D seismic (around 16,000 post-stack data) 171 km 2 3D seismic Post-stack 2D seismic Pre-stack 2D seismic

15 Wells 124 wells already drilled poor density 1 well / ~ 10,000 km 2 The wells distribution is irregular and it is concentrated in the basin depocenter. 22 wells with gas or oil shows 10 sub-commercial accumulations Barra Bonita gas Field 28% of the wells had positive results

16 year Wells Number of wells

17 ANP studies ,155 km 2D seismic Aerogeophysical survey

18 Regional Geology

19 Tectonic stratigraphic evolution Paraná Basin Stratigraphic Chart CRETACEOUS JURASSIC UPPER CRETACEOUS TRIASSIC PERMIAN CARBONIFEROUS Bauru Supersequence Gondwana III Supersequence Gondwana II Supersequence Gondwana I Supersequence DEVONIAN Paraná Supersequence ORDOVICIAN SILURIAN Rio Ivaí Supersequence Source: Milani, 1993

20 Geologic Map NW SE Source: Source: Milani, Milani, Sedimentary rocks isopach map

21 Geologic Cross- Section Source: Milani and Zalán, 1998 Serra Geral Formation Pirambóia and Rosário do Sul formations/são Bento Group Itararé, Guatá and Passa Dois groups Paraná Group Rio Ivaí Group Três Lagoas Basalt Basement

22 Structural lineaments (Zalán et al., 1990) Structural Framework

23 Structural Framework Serra Geral bottom Strike slip faults Irati Top Rio Bonito Top Campo Mourão Top Jaguariaíva Top Basement Rift faults in Pre-Devonian section Source: Catto, 2008

24 Structural framework Source: Rostirolla, 2008

25 Petroleum Systems

26 Petroleum Systems Irati Rio Bonito/Pirambóia Ponta Grossa Itararé/Rio Bonito Stratigraphic chart by Milani et al., (1993), ilustration by Rostirolla (2007)

27 Source Rocks PERMO- CARBONIFEROUS UPPER PERMIAN (KAZANIAN) Irati Formation Bituminous shales with TOC ranging from 1 to 13% and maximum TOC of 23% Kerogen Type I Generation potential > kg HC/t rocha DEVONIAN DEVONIAN (EMSIAN/FRASNIAN) Ponta Grossa Formation Black shale with TOC of around 1% and maximum TOC of 3% Kerogen type II Generation Potential of 6 kg HC/t rocha SILURIAN Squematic stratigraphic chart of Milani et al., 1993 SILURIAN Vila Maria Formation

28 Devonian Source Rock Ponta Grossa Formation source: Zalán et al., 1990 Isopach map of the Ponta Grossa Formation source: Zalán et al., 1990 Thermal evolution map of the Ponta Grossa Formation

29 Permian Source Rock Irati Formation Maturation only due to burial of the Irati-Rio Bonito/Pirambóia (!) petroleum system Source: Milani et al., 1992

30 Reservoirs Triassic Pirambóia Sands PERMO- CARBONIFEROUS PERMIAN Sands of the Rio Bonito Formation Ø=20% at 4,000 m depth Upper Carboniferous/Lower Permian Itararé Group (Lagoa Azul, Campo Mourão and Taciba formations) Ø= 6 a 16% DEVONIAN Furnas Formation Squematic stratigraphic chart by Milani et al.,1993

31 Seals Transgressive units overlaying regressive sequences PERMO- CARBONIFEROUS Shales of the Irati Formation Shales of the Palermo Formation Volcanic rocks (sills and flows) Shales of Itararé Group DEVONIAN Shales of the Ponta Grossa Formation Squematic stratigraphic chart by Milani et al.,1993

32 Traps Reactivation of NE-SW trending basement lineaments during the Late Permian Early Triassic: produced anticlines Potential structural traps may also have formed during the Early Cretaceous due to intrusive forces. Source: Zalán et al., 1990

33 Traps Channels in the Ponta Grossa Formation and Itararé Group Irati Rio Bonito Devonian unconformity Source: Catto, 2008

34 Petroleum Systems Event Chart Source: Milani and Zalán, 1998

35 Petroleum Systems Generation and migration of hydrocarbon model Source: Catto and Zanoto, 1998

36 Barra Bonita Gas Field

37 Barra Bonita Gas Field Barra Bonita gas Field schematic model Structural High Ø = 5 a 10% (Campos et al., 1998) Seal: diabase sill Depht: 3,500 m VGIP = 500 million m 3 Source: Milani and Catto, 1998

38 Well tests of Barra Bonita gas Field Porosity (%) 6-9 Permeability Lab. (md) 0.55 Permeability - production tests (md) 1.5 Net pay (m) 12 Well Test Pressure (Kgf/cm 2 ) Choke (Pol) Flow rate (m 3 /D) AOF (m 3 /D) A (TFR) /64 92,250 98,440 B* (TFR) /64 195, ,000 Source: Toledo et al. in Catto, 2008 * After acid job

39 Well test of Barra Bonita gas Field

40 Prospects in Chaco- Paraná Basin

41 Prospects in Chaco- Paraná Basin San Pedro Block Alto Paraná Block Source: Byron A. Ayme, 2008

42 Prospects in Chaco- Paraná Basin Seismic line from Chaco Paraná Basin (Paraguay) San Pedro Block Asuncion I Source: Byron A. Ayme, 2008

43 Prospects in Chaco- Paraná Basin Seismic line from Chaco Paraná Basin (Paraguay) Alto Paraná Block Theoretical Test Triassic Permian Santa Helena Formation Basement Source: Byron A. Ayme, 2008

44 Offered Area

45 Offered Area Total bid area: 13, km² 5 blocks located in central-west region of Paraná State Clipping of the blocks of the Brazil-Paraguay frontier due to specific law (150 km)

46 Drilled wells in the offered area 16 wells were drilled in the offered area: 1 well - gas producing 2 sub-commercial gas fields 1 sub-commercial gas and condensate Field 7 wells with gas shows 68.75% positive results

47 Drilled wells in the offered area Well Block Depth (m) Year Result 2 RP 0001 PR PAR-T-298 4, Gas show 1 RCA 0001 PR PAR-T-298 4, Gas show 1 RO 0001 PR PAR-T-300 4, Gas show 1 BB 0001 PR PAR-T-300 4, Gas Field 1 MR 0001A PR PAR-T-300 3, Sub-commercial gas field 1PL 0001 PR PAR-T-300 3, Gas show 3 COST 0002 PR PAR-T-300 2, Gas show 3 ELPS 0007 PR PAR-T-300 3, Gas show 1 ELPS 0004 PR PAR-T-300 2, Sub-commercial gas field 2 CS 0001 PR PAR-T-301 4, Gas show 1 PT 0001 PR PAR-T-301 4, Without show 1 CS 0002 PR PAR-T-301 3, Gas show 3 ELPS 0008 PR PAR-T-301 2, Gas show 1 COST 0001P PR PAR-T-301 4, Sub-commercial gas field 1 ELPS 0009 PR PAR-T-301 3, Without show 2 LS 0001 PR PAR-T-308 3, Without show 1 GP 0001 PR PAR-T-310 3, Without show 1 GB 0001 PR PAR-T-310 4, Without show 1 PH 0001 PR PAR-T-323 3, Without show 1 RS 0001 PR PAR-T-323 3, Gas show

48 Exploratory Opportunities In the offered area, the expectation is to find gas discoveries in: Sandstones from Lagoa Azul, Campo Mourão (reservoirs of Barra Bonita Field) and Taciba formations Itararé reservoirs Sandstones from Rio Bonito Formation PERMIAN- CARBONIFEROUS Top Bonito Formation Top Taciba Formation Top Campo Mourão Formation Top Lagoa Azul Formation Schematic stratigraphic chart by Milani et al., 1993

49 Exploratory Opportunities Structural Map (time) of Campo Mourão Formation (Permian)

50 Exploratory Opportunities Structural map (time) of Taciba Formation (Permian)

51 Exploratory Opportunities Structural map (time) of Rio Bonito Formation (Upper Permian)

52 Exploratory Opportunities It is possible to find out leads which oil generation is due to thermal effect from igneous intrusions Possibly, in the western of Paraná State the Permian source rock (Irati Formation) can be mature due to burial Source rock is possibly mature due to burial of the Irati- Pirambóia (!) petroleum system

53 Data Package 25 wells 3,571 km of 2D seismic post-stack

54 Exploratory Information SECTOR Exploratory class S - PAR - CS New Frontier Number of blocks 5 Total bidding area Block area Exploration phase Exploratory period Operator technical qualification 13, km² 2, to 3, km² 6 years years C Minimum bonus R$ 100, to R$ 170, Minimum target Itararé Group (Permian)

55 Remarks

56 Paraná Basin: Why to explore? The exploratory activities in the Paraná Basin have been characterized throughout the time for strong cyclicity with alternated periods of intense activity and others of complete stagnation Source: IEA, 2007 New world wide conjuncture Nowadays there is a great need for gas Economic factors allow to develop and produce small fields, as the example of the Barra Bonita gas Field Advanced techniques of sub-basalt imaging Near São Paulo city (great consumer market) Thermoelectric plants changing coal for natural gas

57 Paraná Basin Petroleum Potential Two active petroleum systems: Ponta Grossa Itararé/Rio Bonito (PG-It/RB) and Irati Rio Bonito/Pirambóia (I RB/P); It presents many oil shows in outcrops; several sub-commercial fields or small accumulations and many wells with hydrocarbon shows; Barra Bonita Field has around 500 million cubic meters of in place gas; Additionally, the petroleum potential of Paraná Basin is characterized by plentiful non-conventional resources: tar sands, coalbed methane and pirobituminous shale (reserves around 1.12 billion barrels of oil); Wells in Chaco-Paraná Basin: oil (?)

58 Final Remarks New Frontier Basin poorly explored, but atractive when compared with other similar paleozoic basins in the world Paraná Basin is situated in an excellent geopolitical context: it is located in the most developed region and in the biggest South America consumer market; The Paraná Basin is located in an area with great necessity for gas; Gas Prone basin - proved by several gas shows in many drilled wells and by the Barra Bonita gas Field; In a conservative expectation and considering only one exploratory play, we expect to find six accumulations similar to the Barra Bonita Field, indicating a volume around 3 BCM of gas

59 Eliane Petersohn