Exhibit 6: Campbell-Hill Aviation Group, LLC, Analysis of the Legacy Carriers Job Loss Estimate Due to Emirates Service

Transcription

1 : Campbell-Hill Aviation Group, LLC, Analysis of the Legacy Carriers Job Loss Estimate Due to Emirates Service

2 Analysis of the Legacy Carriers Job Loss Estimate Due to Emirates Service Prepared by: Brian M. Campbell, Ph.D. Chairman Rex J. Edwards Alexandria, Virginia Vice President June 22,

3 Analysis of the Legacy Carriers Job Loss Estimate Due to Emirates Service Introduction The Campbell-Hill Aviation Group, LLC ( Campbell-Hill ) was retained by Emirates Airline to evaluate the adequacy and reasonableness of the Legacy Carriers conclusion that every Emirates daily round trip to/from the United States imposes a loss of 800 (net) jobs on the U.S. economy. Campbell-Hill s review of the Legacy Carriers analysis, the studies cited as source documents, and its own independent analysis proves quite the opposite. Emirates services to/from the U.S. supported almost 4,000 jobs in the U.S. per nonstop route, and this is based only on the economic impacts of foreign visitor spending in the U.S. The Overarching Concerns with the Legacy Carriers Analysis 1 Campbell-Hill believes there are two fundamental issues that effectively negate the Legacy Carriers findings and conclusions: 1. The premise of the Legacy Carriers analysis is incorrect and unproven. They state at page 51 of the White Paper that because the subsidized Gulf carriers are displacing and impeding service by U.S. carriers, U.S. employment is also suffering. (emphasis supplied.) The Legacy Carriers have not provided direct service in many markets at issue with their own aircraft, not even before the emergence of the Gulf carriers as we know them today. So there have been few, if any, services to displace. Furthermore, no evidence has been presented to indicate that any U.S. carrier had any markets where a planned direct service was cancelled after learning of a Gulf carrier s expansion plans. Nor has any evidence been presented to show what would be different about the Legacy Carriers schedules if the Gulf carriers were not operating in any U.S. market. So there is no reasonable foundation for the Legacy Carriers to apply any job loss figure to this scenario. Without a clear demonstration of displacement, either historically or prospectively, the job loss argument seems irrelevant. 1 See Legacy Carriers White Paper at page 51, including Figure

4 2. The Legacy Carriers job loss calculations are limited to a small subset of jobs created in the U.S. economy by international air services. The more robust studies cited on page 51 of the White Paper show that each daily round trip provided by Emirates contributes thousands of jobs to the economy. Campbell-Hill s own analysis of the impact of visitor spending in the U.S. found a very similar level of positive job creation by Emirates. The Legacy Carriers avoid this fatal flaw in their analysis by simply assuming that all Emirates, and other Gulf carrier passengers are diverted from the Legacy Carriers and their JV partners. According to the Legacy Carriers analysis, there are no net additional visitors to the U.S. by virture of Emirates services. As shown in the Campbell-Hill report that rebuts the Compass Lexecon regression analysis, this proposition is not correct. The Legacy Carriers Empirical Analysis is Limited International air service, especially new online service, in unserved or under-served markets tends to create large economic impacts on national, regional and local economies. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in scores of studies conducted both in the U.S. and abroad. Job creation is one of the standard outputs of these analyses. For a complete picture of the impact, including jobs, one must include not only airline-related jobs, which is a small fraction of the total impact, but other direct, indirect and induced jobs as well. 2 All the consultant studies cited on page 51 of the White Paper, as best one can tell, measure all components of the jobs impact. The Legacy Carriers have compared their estimate of Delta Air Lines company jobs to a similar estimate for Emirates. Direct airline jobs are a very small part of the story. In addition to direct airline jobs in the U.S., there are airport jobs in facilities and operations, trucking and air freight forwarding, air traffic control, and many other functions all of which support the flight activity. The Legacy Carriers did not include these jobs. The Legacy Carriers have also excluded the enormous jobs impact resulting from visitor spending and investing in the U.S. Inclusion of this element of job creation would argue in favor 2 The study cited in Figure 26 of the White Paper (Oxford Economics, Economic Benefits from Air Transport in the U.S., 2015) estimated that airlines account for 661,000 of the 9.3 million jobs associated with aviation activities. 2 3

5 of Emirates over the U.S. Legacy Carriers. 3 It should also be mentioned that for the year 2014, Emirates flights to/from the U.S. averaged 407 seats while Delta s transatlantic B777 flights operated with an average of 244 seats, or 40% less. 4 This is a major difference in economic impact per daily flight which is also in favor of Emirates over Delta. Induced impacts result primarily from the household spending of incomes earned by the job holders already identified in the analysis. This spending (e.g. at the supermarket or for a new automobile) creates even more jobs. This process is derived from input-output models of the economy which usually originate within the federal government because it creates the comprehensive survey and census data. In the case of the U.S., input-output models of the economy are generated by the U.S. Department of Commerce. Input-output models allow analysts to trace a dollar of new spending as it works its way through the entire economy and create what economists call the multiplier effect. The multiplier effect can be seen in the Legacy Carrier calculations. The concern is that the multipliers are applied to incomplete job estimates because they use only direct airline jobs and not the total direct jobs in the economy resulting from new airline service. The direct airline jobs are only a small fraction of all jobs related to the service. The Germany and Austria studies cited on page 51 of the White Paper show much more complete and robust estimates of countryspecific jobs supported by Emirates services. So it is reasonable to ask how many total jobs are supported by Emirates daily flights to/from the United States. Campbell-Hill has utilized the findings of the Germany and Austria studies to demonstrate the impact of Emirates job support in those countries. Emirates Supports Over 2,400 Jobs in Germany Per Daily Round Trip According to Campbell-Hill s review of the findings in the Germany study 5, Emirates is responsible for 2,434 jobs in Germany per daily round trip: 3 MIDT data show that for CY 2014 Emirates passengers to/from the U.S. were 43% foreign originating and 57% U.S. originating. For the Legacy Carriers combined, 2014 MIDT data show that 37% of their Middle East, India Subcontinent, ASEAN, and Africa passengers originated outside the U.S. and 63% originated from inside the U.S. Note that visitor spending and its impacts come from visitors not U.S. residents. So inclusion of visitor spending in the Legacy carriers calculus would tilt the job benefits in favor of Emirates. 4 From Innovata schedules via Diio. 5 Institute of Air Transport and Airport Research, The Impact of Emirates Airline on the German Economy, Executive Summary, May

6 Job Impacts 6 Direct Emirates jobs in Germany 169 Indirect jobs from spending on ground services in Germany 2,271 Jobs from household spending (by the new wage earners) 712 Subtotal 3,152 Jobs from visitor spending 2,600 Jobs in the German aeronautical industry 12,500 Total Jobs 18,252 Innovata Schedules (via Diio) Average round trips per day in calendar year Jobs per daily round trip 2,434 In this instance the total jobs supported in the German economy by virtue of Emirates services (2,424) is 14.4 times the number of direct airline jobs the Company created in Germany (169), according to the German Institute study. This relationship clearly demonstrates the severe underestimation of the Legacy Carriers job creation estimates for new international airline services. Emirates Supports Over 3,300 Jobs in Austria Per Daily Round Trip According to the study commissioned by Emirates 7, and cited as a source by the Legacy Carriers, 8 the single daily round trip operated by Emirates between Dubai and Vienna supported 3,303 jobs in the Austrian economy as of the time of the study. This includes direct, indirect and induced jobs (multiplier effect) as follows: 6 Ibid., pages con.os tourism consulting, gmbh, The Impact of Emirates Airline Flights on Greater Vienna/Austria, 2011, pages vi and See, White Paper, page

7 Job Impacts 9 Direct jobs 1,161 Indirect jobs 661 Induced jobs 1,481 Total jobs per daily round trip 3,303 Once again this is considerably greater than any of the estimates produced in the Legacy Carriers White Paper. Emirates Service Supports 3,975 Jobs in the U.S. Economy Per Daily Round Trip Campbell-Hill prepared an economic impact analysis for the current 10 daily round trips operated by Emirates to/from the U.S. (excluding New York-Milan). This analysis was prepared route-by-route with U.S. Government economic data used in all cases, along with one of the two most widely used economic impact models based on input-output algorithms (the IMPLAN model). This analysis is limited to the impacts from visitor spending in the U.S. The Campbell-Hill results are presented in Attachment A and the methodology is summarized in Attachment B with details provided in Attachments C, D and E. In brief, the 10 daily round trips operated by Emirates are responsible for a combined total of 39,751 jobs in the U.S., or an average of 3,975 per daily round trip from visitor spending. These jobs are concentrated in the U.S. regions of the gateways served. In addition, the total annual economic benefit (output) to the U.S. economy is $4.7 billion due to Emirates 10 daily round trips. The estimated worker earnings from these jobs total $1.6 billion per year. Therefore, almost 4,000 jobs and $161 million in annual employee earnings are supported by each daily round trip service. The Campbell-Hill jobs estimate is higher than the findings in the Germany and Austria studies. The Campbell-Hill analysis is based on 2014 data, compared to 2010/2011 for the two European studies when recession impacts were much greater. 9 con.os tourism consulting, gmbh, page vi. 5 6

8 The Oxford Economics Study for Etihad 10 Concluded that Etihad s Service To/From the U.S. Sustains 3,600 New Jobs Per Daily Round Trip Using economic impact modeling similar to Campbell-Hill and the two cited studies for Germany and Austria, Oxford Economics recent study estimated the job impacts occasioned by Etihad s flights to/from the US. The job estimates are as follows: Job Impacts 11 Direct and indirect jobs (Etihad and its supply chain providers) 4,200 Induced (household spending effects) 3,700 Etihad s capital expenditures in the U.S. (primarily aircraft and engines) 9,800 Induced (household spending by job holders in the capital goods industries) 5,800 Total jobs 23,500 Innovata Schedules (via Diio) Average round trips per day in May, Jobs per daily round trip 3,615 For calendar year 2014 the average Emirates flight to/from the U.S. had 407 seats. The average for Etihad s May, 2015 flights, as shown in the Innovata schedules, is 305 seats. Comparing job impacts in the U.S. economy by Emirates and Etihad it is important to recognize the greater passenger volume on Emirates flights. Emirates average aircraft size is 33% larger (in term of seats) and Campbell-Hill s estimate of jobs per daily round trip (3,975 jobs) is only 10% greater than the jobs per flight number derived from the Oxford Economics Study for Etihad (3,615 jobs). 10 See, Oxford Economics, The Economic Impact of Etihad Airways on the U.S. Economy, May, Ibid, pages 13 and

9 Conclusions Emirates service to/from the United States has created significant economic impact and and support of 40,000 jobs so far (Attachment A). Campbell-Hill found no evidence that U.S. Legacy Carrier flights have been displaced or impeded by Emirates or any Gulf carrier. The Legacy Carriers claim that the U.S. loses 800 jobs for every Emirates round trip service is based upon extremely narrow consideration of total job creation in the U.S. economy 12. As fully measured in several cited studies, including Campbell-Hill s analysis, Emirates daily flights each generate several thousand jobs in the U.S. 12 The Legacy Carriers estimates are based only on airline jobs. 7 8

10 The Economic Impact of Emirates Flights to the United States Attachment A Emirates U.S. Route /1 Boston Annual Spending by Visitors to the U.S. (Millions) Annual Total U.S. Economic Output/Sales /2 (Millions) U.S. Jobs Annual U.S. Employee Earnings (Millions) (1) (2) (3) (4) $187 $469 4,004 $162 Chicago $153 $383 3,262 $132 Dallas/Ft. Worth $124 $310 2,639 $107 Houston $143 $358 3,062 $124 Los Angeles $270 $677 5,774 $234 New York $463 $1,161 9,916 $401 San Francisco $222 $557 4,740 $192 Seattle $167 $419 3,567 $145 Washington D.C. $130 $326 2,787 $113 Total $1,859 $4,660 39,751 $1,610 Total per Daily Roundtrip Flight /3 $186 Million $466 Million 3,975 $161 Million 1/ Includes the impact of all onboard passengers (includes passengers connecting within the U.S. to/from all Emirates Dubai flights. 2/ Includes multiplier effects for final demand output in the United States. See Attachment B for methodology description. 3/ Based on 10 daily roundtrip flights in current schedule (excludes Milan). 9

11 Economic Impact Methodology Description Traffic Analysis: U.S. Department of Transportation, T-100 Onboard Passengers, via Diio LLC for the 12 months ended September 2014 (latest available) was used for each Emirates market between the U.S. and Dubai /1. Onboard passengers include both local O&D passengers and connecting passengers. Emirates onboard passengers were then assigned to five world regions (Middle East, Africa, India, Southeast Asia, Other Asia) using MIDT data via TravelPort for the 12 months ended September The regional passengers were then split into two categories: Passengers that originated in the U.S., and Passengers that originated in the international region (visitors). Direct Visitor Spending Impact Analysis: Direct travel spending values per visitor by region (excluding international airfares) were derived using U.S. Department of Commerce ITA Office of Travel and Tourism data (adjusted based on travel characteristics for each origin region). Most of the economic impact was derived from the 506,624 annual visitors Emirates carried to the U.S. These visitors spend an average of $3,670 per trip while in the U.S., for which jobs in industries such as hotel/lodging, restaurants, entertainment, retail, and ground transportation are dependent. The average direct travel spending per international visitor is : Middle East ($2,823), Africa ($2,785), India ($4,854), and Other Asia ($2,250). /2 U.S. originating passenger spending includes taxis, parking and concessions at the U.S. airports (approximately 1% of the total impacts). 1/ The following routes were included in this analysis: DXB to/from BOS, DFW, IAD, IAH, JFK, LAX, ORD, SEA and SFO. BOS and ORD were annualized since these services did not have a full year of Emirates service in the data period. JFK-Milan is not included in the analysis. 2/ India is higher than the others because the average visitor from India stays longer in the U.S. Attachment B Page 1 of 2 10

12 Economic Impact Methodology Description Total Economic Impact Analysis: Direct visitor spending is aggregated by industrial sector: Accommodations/Lodging Foods & Beverages Entertainment & Recreation Ground Transportation Retail Domestic Air Transportation Total economic impacts (including indirect and induced effects) were based on national-level IMPLAN multipliers specific to each of the visitor spending sectors. Total impact was measured in terms of U.S. output (sales), employment, and earnings calculated by combining aggregate visitor spending with IMPLAN multipliers (for 2013) IMPLAN s I-RIMS multipliers are derived from the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis Benchmark Input-Output tables customized based on other national-level government sources (e.g., Bureau of Labor Statistics employment and earnings data, and Bureau of the Census Annual Survey of Retail Trade). The IMPLAN economic impact model and associated multipliers are widely used in aviation and other impact analyses, including approval for use by the U.S. government (e.g., U.S. Department of Agriculture for analysis of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act). Attachment B Page 2 of 2 11

13 Page 1 of All Routes Combined A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 299,325 73, , ,334 72,614 1,121,659 U.S. Residents 144,094 42, ,593 94,219 36, ,035 Visitors 155,231 31, ,449 56,114 35, ,624 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $1, $351 $2,480 $785 $308 $5,125 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $1,081 $316 $2,232 $707 $277 $4,613 Concessions (Retail) (4) $2,161 $632 $4,464 $1,413 $555 $9,226 $4,443 $1,300 $9,176 $2,905 $1,140 $18,964 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $104,550 $22,320 $322,219 $27,222 $17,288 $493,599 Food, Beverages $84,913 $16,599 $210,170 $25,124 $15,956 $352,763 Entertainment & Recreation $55,508 $10,400 $116,412 $16,371 $10,397 $209,088 Ground Transportation $29,171 $5,984 $79,966 $9,039 $5,569 $129,728 Retail (include airport) $142,877 $27,667 $323,156 $43,356 $27,192 $564,250 Additional Air Transportation $24,456 $4,849 $63,739 $7,244 $4,601 $104,889 Parking $1,201 $351 $2,480 $785 $308 $5,125 $442,677 $88,170 $1,118,142 $129,141 $81,312 $1,859,442 12

14 Page 2 of All Routes Combined E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct 5,463 1,082 13,565 1,601 1,008 22,719 Indirect/Induced 4, ,230 1, ,031 9,524 1,890 23,795 2,787 1,755 39,751 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $171,589 $34,151 $431,830 $50,141 $31,555 $719,265 Indirect/Induced $212,186 $42,231 $535,026 $61,988 $39,025 $890,457 $383,775 $76,382 $966,856 $112,129 $70,580 $1,609, Total Value-added (000 $) $631,055 $125,639 $1,591,379 $184,137 $115,935 $2,648,144 Total Output (000 $) Direct $442,677 $88,170 $1,118,142 $129,141 $81,312 $1,859,442 Indirect/Induced $667,242 $132,785 $1,682,464 $195,110 $122,820 $2,800,421 $1,109,919 $220,955 $2,800,606 $324,251 $204,132 $4,659,863 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 13

15 Page 3 of BOS Route A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 25,523 7,911 50,954 8,243 14, ,048 U.S. Residents 10,592 4,546 28,450 4,788 6,844 55,220 Visitors 14,930 3,364 22,504 3,455 7,573 51,827 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $88.27 $38 $237 $40 $57 $460 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $79 $34 $213 $36 $51 $414 Concessions (Retail) (4) $159 $68 $427 $72 $103 $828 $327 $140 $877 $148 $211 $1,703 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $10,056 $2,407 $31,741 $1,676 $3,674 $49,554 Food, Beverages $8,167 $1,790 $20,703 $1,547 $3,391 $35,598 Entertainment & Recreation $5,339 $1,122 $11,467 $1,008 $2,210 $21,145 Ground Transportation $2,781 $645 $7,871 $549 $1,176 $13,022 Retail (include airport) $13,693 $2,984 $31,820 $2,655 $5,763 $56,915 Additional Air Transportation $2,352 $523 $6,279 $446 $978 $10,578 Parking $88 $38 $237 $40 $57 $460 $42,477 $9,510 $110,118 $7,921 $17,248 $187,273 14

16 Page 4 of BOS Route E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct , ,289 Indirect/Induced , , , ,004 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $16,462 $3,683 $42,527 $3,075 $6,693 $72,440 Indirect/Induced $20,359 $4,555 $52,691 $3,802 $8,278 $89,685 $36,822 $8,238 $95,218 $6,877 $14,971 $162, Total Value-added (000 $) $60,552 $13,551 $156,723 $11,294 $24,592 $266,712 Total Output (000 $) Direct $42,477 $9,510 $110,118 $7,921 $17,248 $187,273 Indirect/Induced $64,020 $14,321 $165,693 $11,966 $26,052 $282,052 $106,497 $23,831 $275,810 $19,887 $43,300 $469,325 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 15

17 Page 5 of DFW Route A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 24,794 4,964 44,999 8,046 2,225 85,028 U.S. Residents 14,929 2,853 29,063 4,226 1,243 52,314 Visitors 9,865 2,111 15,936 3, ,714 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $ $24 $242 $35 $10 $436 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $112 $21 $218 $32 $9 $392 Concessions (Retail) (4) $224 $43 $436 $63 $19 $785 $460 $88 $896 $130 $38 $1,613 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $6,644 $1,511 $22,477 $1,853 $476 $32,961 Food, Beverages $5,396 $1,123 $14,661 $1,710 $440 $23,330 Entertainment & Recreation $3,528 $704 $8,120 $1,115 $286 $13,753 Ground Transportation $1,897 $405 $5,640 $599 $155 $8,697 Retail (include airport) $9,167 $1,873 $22,667 $2,919 $752 $37,377 Additional Air Transportation $1,554 $328 $4,446 $493 $127 $6,948 Parking $124 $24 $242 $35 $10 $436 $28,311 $5,967 $78,253 $8,725 $2,247 $123,503 16

18 Page 6 of DFW Route E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct ,508 Indirect/Induced , , ,639 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $10,978 $2,311 $30,228 $3,386 $872 $47,775 Indirect/Induced $13,571 $2,858 $37,446 $4,187 $1,078 $59,141 $24,549 $5,169 $67,674 $7,573 $1,950 $106, Total Value-added (000 $) $40,360 $8,503 $111,375 $12,440 $3,203 $175,881 Total Output (000 $) Direct $28,311 $5,967 $78,253 $8,725 $2,247 $123,503 Indirect/Induced $42,681 $8,987 $117,759 $13,179 $3,394 $185,999 $70,992 $14,954 $196,013 $21,903 $5,640 $309,502 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 17

19 Page 7 of IAD Route A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 30,585 12,702 32,642 9,732 13,969 99,630 U.S. Residents 16,657 7,300 21,112 6,597 9,136 60,802 Visitors 13,928 5,402 11,529 3,135 4,832 38,827 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $ $61 $176 $55 $76 $507 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $125 $55 $158 $49 $69 $456 Concessions (Retail) (4) $250 $110 $317 $99 $137 $912 $514 $225 $651 $203 $282 $1,875 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $9,381 $3,865 $16,262 $1,521 $2,344 $33,373 Food, Beverages $7,619 $2,875 $10,607 $1,404 $2,164 $24,668 Entertainment & Recreation $4,980 $1,801 $5,875 $915 $1,410 $14,981 Ground Transportation $2,645 $1,036 $4,081 $515 $786 $9,064 Retail (include airport) $12,875 $4,792 $16,401 $2,443 $3,749 $40,259 Additional Air Transportation $2,194 $840 $3,217 $405 $624 $7,279 Parking $139 $61 $176 $55 $76 $507 $39,833 $15,270 $56,619 $7,257 $11,153 $130,131 18

20 Page 8 of IAD Route E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct ,594 Indirect/Induced , , ,787 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $15,443 $5,914 $21,871 $2,819 $4,331 $50,378 Indirect/Induced $19,094 $7,314 $27,093 $3,484 $5,353 $62,338 $34,537 $13,228 $48,964 $6,302 $9,684 $112, Total Value-added (000 $) $56,785 $21,758 $80,584 $10,348 $15,902 $185,377 Total Output (000 $) Direct $39,833 $15,270 $56,619 $7,257 $11,153 $130,131 Indirect/Induced $60,046 $22,996 $85,203 $10,966 $16,851 $196,061 $99,879 $38,266 $141,822 $18,223 $28,004 $326,193 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 19

21 Page 9 of IAH Route A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 33,147 2,988 40,450 12,783 8,150 97,519 U.S. Residents 15,392 1,718 26,361 9,017 3,367 55,854 Visitors 17,755 1,271 14,089 3,766 4,783 41,664 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $ $14 $220 $75 $28 $465 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $115 $13 $198 $68 $25 $419 Concessions (Retail) (4) $231 $26 $395 $135 $51 $838 $475 $53 $813 $278 $104 $1,722 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $11,958 $909 $19,873 $1,827 $2,320 $36,888 Food, Beverages $9,712 $676 $12,962 $1,686 $2,141 $27,178 Entertainment & Recreation $6,349 $424 $7,180 $1,099 $1,395 $16,446 Ground Transportation $3,328 $244 $4,992 $627 $735 $9,926 Retail (include airport) $16,326 $1,127 $20,051 $2,951 $3,625 $44,079 Additional Air Transportation $2,797 $198 $3,931 $486 $617 $8,029 Parking $128 $14 $220 $75 $28 $465 $50,599 $3,593 $69,208 $8,751 $10,863 $143,013 20

22 Page 10 of IAH Route E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct ,751 Indirect/Induced ,310 1, , ,062 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $19,612 $1,391 $26,734 $3,400 $4,214 $55,352 Indirect/Induced $24,253 $1,721 $33,118 $4,201 $5,213 $68,506 $43,865 $3,112 $59,852 $7,601 $9,428 $123, Total Value-added (000 $) $72,130 $5,119 $98,501 $12,478 $15,488 $203,717 Total Output (000 $) Direct $50,599 $3,593 $69,208 $8,751 $10,863 $143,013 Indirect/Induced $76,265 $5,410 $104,148 $13,225 $16,406 $215,455 $126,864 $9,003 $173,356 $21,976 $27,270 $358,468 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 21

23 Page 11 of JFK Route A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 68,964 17, ,007 68,218 24, ,753 U.S. Residents 30,602 9,984 58,572 42,809 11, ,816 Visitors 38,362 7,388 50,436 25,409 12, ,937 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $ $83 $488 $357 $99 $1,282 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $230 $75 $439 $321 $89 $1,154 Concessions (Retail) (4) $459 $150 $879 $642 $178 $2,307 $944 $308 $1,806 $1,320 $365 $4,743 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $25,838 $5,287 $71,138 $12,326 $5,988 $120,576 Food, Beverages $20,985 $3,932 $46,400 $11,376 $5,526 $88,219 Entertainment & Recreation $13,718 $2,463 $25,701 $7,413 $3,601 $52,896 Ground Transportation $7,172 $1,417 $17,601 $4,094 $1,922 $32,205 Retail (include airport) $35,234 $6,553 $71,238 $19,634 $9,403 $142,062 Additional Air Transportation $6,044 $1,149 $14,072 $3,280 $1,593 $26,138 Parking $255 $83 $488 $357 $99 $1,282 $109,245 $20,884 $246,637 $58,479 $28,132 $463,377 22

24 Page 12 of JFK Route E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct 1, , ,670 Indirect/Induced 1, , ,245 2, ,249 1, ,916 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $42,341 $8,089 $95,247 $22,706 $10,916 $179,299 Indirect/Induced $52,363 $10,003 $118,013 $28,070 $13,502 $221,950 $94,704 $18,092 $213,260 $50,776 $24,418 $401, Total Value-added (000 $) $155,732 $29,759 $351,021 $83,383 $40,110 $660,005 Total Output (000 $) Direct $109,245 $20,884 $246,637 $58,479 $28,132 $463,377 Indirect/Induced $164,657 $31,451 $371,104 $88,352 $42,491 $698,056 $273,902 $52,335 $617,742 $146,832 $70,623 $1,161,433 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 23

25 Page 13 of LAX Route A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 47,592 11,538 66,691 15,776 2, ,044 U.S. Residents 19,143 6,631 34,403 9, ,749 Visitors 28,449 4,907 32,288 5,890 1,760 73,295 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $ $55 $287 $82 $6 $590 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $144 $50 $258 $74 $5 $531 Concessions (Retail) (4) $287 $99 $516 $148 $10 $1,061 $590 $204 $1,061 $305 $21 $2,181 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $19,161 $3,511 $45,542 $2,857 $854 $71,925 Food, Beverages $15,562 $2,611 $29,705 $2,637 $788 $51,303 Entertainment & Recreation $10,173 $1,636 $16,453 $1,718 $514 $30,494 Ground Transportation $5,292 $941 $11,245 $949 $267 $18,693 Retail (include airport) $26,076 $4,352 $45,559 $4,551 $1,326 $81,864 Additional Air Transportation $4,482 $763 $9,009 $760 $227 $15,241 Parking $160 $55 $287 $82 $6 $590 $80,906 $13,870 $157,799 $13,554 $3,981 $270,110 24

26 Page 14 of LAX Route E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct , ,300 Indirect/Induced , ,474 1, , ,774 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $31,355 $5,372 $60,936 $5,263 $1,544 $104,471 Indirect/Induced $38,779 $6,643 $75,504 $6,506 $1,910 $129,343 $70,134 $12,016 $136,441 $11,769 $3,455 $233, Total Value-added (000 $) $115,334 $19,764 $224,583 $19,326 $5,676 $384,683 Total Output (000 $) Direct $80,906 $13,870 $157,799 $13,554 $3,981 $270,110 Indirect/Induced $121,939 $20,889 $237,428 $20,478 $6,012 $406,746 $202,845 $34,759 $395,227 $34,032 $9,993 $676,857 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 25

27 Page 15 of ORD Route A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 21,089 5,064 41,611 12,851 3,828 84,443 U.S. Residents 9,696 2,910 21,413 7,986 1,977 43,983 Visitors 11,392 2,154 20,197 4,865 1,851 40,460 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $80.80 $24 $178 $67 $16 $367 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $73 $22 $161 $60 $15 $330 Concessions (Retail) (4) $145 $44 $321 $120 $30 $660 $299 $90 $660 $246 $61 $1,356 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $7,673 $1,541 $28,487 $2,360 $898 $40,960 Food, Beverages $6,232 $1,146 $18,581 $2,178 $829 $28,966 Entertainment & Recreation $4,074 $718 $10,292 $1,419 $540 $17,043 Ground Transportation $2,134 $413 $7,033 $782 $290 $10,652 Retail (include airport) $10,473 $1,910 $28,497 $3,756 $1,413 $46,049 Additional Air Transportation $1,795 $335 $5,635 $628 $239 $8,632 Parking $81 $24 $178 $67 $16 $367 $32,461 $6,088 $98,704 $11,191 $4,225 $152,669 26

28 Page 16 of ORD Route E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct , ,864 Indirect/Induced , , ,262 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $12,582 $2,358 $38,116 $4,345 $1,640 $59,040 Indirect/Induced $15,559 $2,916 $47,228 $5,372 $2,028 $73,103 $28,141 $5,274 $85,345 $9,717 $3,668 $132, Total Value-added (000 $) $46,274 $8,675 $140,478 $15,957 $6,024 $217,408 Total Output (000 $) Direct $32,461 $6,088 $98,704 $11,191 $4,225 $152,669 Indirect/Induced $48,927 $9,168 $148,513 $16,907 $6,382 $229,898 $81,388 $15,256 $247,217 $28,098 $10,607 $382,567 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 27

29 Page 17 of SEA Route A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 25,344 4,791 61,336 5,638 2,578 99,687 U.S. Residents 15,772 2,754 35,606 3,072 1,694 58,897 Visitors 9,572 2,038 25,730 2, ,789 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $ $23 $297 $26 $14 $491 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $118 $21 $267 $23 $13 $442 Concessions (Retail) (4) $237 $41 $534 $46 $25 $883 $486 $85 $1,098 $95 $52 $1,816 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $6,447 $1,458 $36,291 $1,244 $429 $45,869 Food, Beverages $5,236 $1,084 $23,671 $1,149 $396 $31,536 Entertainment & Recreation $3,423 $679 $13,111 $748 $258 $18,220 Ground Transportation $1,850 $391 $9,022 $404 $144 $11,811 Retail (include airport) $8,913 $1,807 $36,428 $1,964 $687 $49,799 Additional Air Transportation $1,508 $317 $7,179 $331 $114 $9,449 Parking $131 $23 $297 $26 $14 $491 $27,509 $5,760 $125,998 $5,866 $2,042 $167,174 28

30 Page 18 of SEA Route E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct , ,037 Indirect/Induced , , , ,567 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $10,668 $2,231 $48,662 $2,277 $793 $64,631 Indirect/Induced $13,187 $2,759 $60,290 $2,815 $980 $80,032 $23,855 $4,990 $108,952 $5,092 $1,774 $144, Total Value-added (000 $) $39,216 $8,207 $179,325 $8,363 $2,912 $238,025 Total Output (000 $) Direct $27,509 $5,760 $125,998 $5,866 $2,042 $167,174 Indirect/Induced $41,473 $8,674 $189,592 $8,860 $3,086 $251,685 $68,982 $14,434 $315,590 $14,726 $5,128 $418,860 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 29

31 Page 19 of SFO Route A. Annual Traffic and Operations (Net Increase) (1) Average New Round-Trip Passengers 22,289 6,014 78,352 9, ,510 U.S. Residents 11,312 3,457 42,612 5, ,398 Visitors 10,976 2,558 35,740 3, ,111 B. U.S. Origin Passenger Expenditures (000 $) Customer Auto Parking (Airport/Other) (2) $94.27 $29 $355 $49 $2 $528 Taxi/Limo (Ground Transportation) (3) $85 $26 $320 $44 $1 $475 Concessions (Retail) (4) $170 $52 $639 $88 $3 $951 $349 $107 $1,314 $180 $6 $1,955 C. Direct Visiting Passenger Spending (5) Average Spending per Visitor Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $1,410 $485 $485 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $920 $448 $448 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $510 $292 $292 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $340 $148 $148 Retail (include airport) $906 $867 $1,395 $747 $747 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $279 $129 $129 $2,823 $2,785 $4,854 $2,250 $2,250 D. Direct Passenger Spending (000 $) (6) Accommodations/Lodging $7,393 $1,830 $50,409 $1,556 $305 $61,494 Food, Beverages $6,004 $1,361 $32,880 $1,436 $282 $41,963 Entertainment & Recreation $3,925 $853 $18,212 $936 $184 $24,109 Ground Transportation $2,071 $491 $12,481 $520 $95 $15,657 Retail (include airport) $10,120 $2,269 $50,497 $2,485 $473 $65,844 Additional Air Transportation $1,729 $398 $9,972 $414 $81 $12,594 Parking $94 $29 $355 $49 $2 $528 $31,336 $7,230 $174,806 $7,397 $1,421 $222,190 30

32 Page 20 of SFO Route E. Passenger Spending Impacts (7) Employment Direct , ,705 Indirect/Induced , , , ,740 Earnings (000 $) 1.74 Direct $12,147 $2,800 $67,507 $2,872 $551 $85,879 Indirect/Induced $15,021 $3,463 $83,643 $3,551 $682 $106,359 $27,168 $6,263 $151,150 $6,423 $1,233 $192, Total Value-added (000 $) $44,672 $10,302 $248,788 $10,547 $2,026 $316,336 Total Output (000 $) Direct $31,336 $7,230 $174,806 $7,397 $1,421 $222,190 Indirect/Induced $47,235 $10,888 $263,024 $11,176 $2,146 $334,469 $78,571 $18,118 $437,830 $18,573 $3,567 $556,659 Model Assumptions (1) Based on traffic analysis. (2) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers park their cars with an average cost of $50 per trip; and 1.5 passengers per vehicle. (3) Assumes 25% of outbound U.S. passengers use taxi or limo service averaging $30 per passenger round-trip (included in "Ground Transportation"). (4) Assumed at $15 per U.S. round-trip passenger (included in "Retail"). (5) Average trip expenditures for visiting passengers distributed by industry (Attachment D). (6) Average spending per visitor x visitors + U.S.-originating passenger spending. (7) Attachment E multipliers and ratios applied to total passenger spending by category. 31

33 Attachment D Page 1 of 1 AVERAGE EXPENDITURES BY INTERNATIONAL VISITORS TO THE UNITED STATES Middle East Africa Asia India Average Local Expenditures per Visitor- Trip (2015 dollars) 1 Accommodations/Lodging $674 $716 $485 $1,410 Food, Beverages $547 $532 $448 $920 Entertainment & Recreation $358 $333 $292 $510 Ground Transportation $181 $182 $148 $340 Retail (include airport) 2 $906 $867 $747 $1,395 Additional Air Transportation $158 $155 $129 $279 Total $2,823 $2,785 $2,250 $4,854 Total Taxes Other Travel Characteristics Average Nights in U.S With Hotel/Motel Leisure Share of Total Visitors 73% 65% 72% 47% 1 Average daily expenditures for all overseas leisure ($120) and business ($124) visitors (excluding airport spending) are adjusted based on region-specific leisure/business splits and the average days per vistor (using average days using a hotel/motel for "Accommodations/Lodging" spending and total average days for other categories). Average airport spending is weighted based on the leisure/business splits. Average expenditures are adjusted from 2013 to 2015 using the GDP price deflator (1.029) assuming growth for "Local" spending is calculated based on the average number of states visited. 2 Combines spending for "Shopping, Gifts and Other Purchases", "Other" and "Airport in U.S." categories. U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration (ITA) Sources : (1) 2013 Market Profiles for Middle East, Africa, Asia, and India. (2) Profile of Overseas Travelers to the United States: 2013 Inbound 32

34 Attachment E Page 1 of 1 INDUSTRY CODES FOR DIRECT IMPACT SECTORS WITH I-RIMS MULTIPLIERS Total Multiplier 1 Ratio of Direct Multiplier 3 Direct Jobs Value- Employ Earnings Employ per Million $ I-RIMS Industry Aviation-Related Businesses Output Added Earnings -ment to Output 2 Earnings -ment of Output 4 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 29 Air transportation Airlines % Other transportation and support activities* Ground Handling, Fuel Suppliers, Airline Catering % AIRTR Additional Air Transportation * Weighting: 29 (93%) and 35 (7%) % Transit and ground passenger transportation* Bus, shuttle, limo and taxi % Automotive equipment rental and leasing Car rental % LOCTR Local Transportation * Weighting: 33 (50%) and (50%) % Accommodation Hotels and motels % Food services and drinking places Concessions, Food & Drink Places % Performing arts, spectator sports, museums, zoos, and parks Performing Arts, Spectator Sports, Museums % Amusements, gambling, and recreation Amusement, Gambling % ENTER Entertainment * Weighting: 57 (50%) and 58 (50%) % Retail trade Retail Trade % Other personal services Airport Parking % * Aggregate industry grouping based on weighting of factors for sub-groups. 1 Total impact per $ of direct sales/output impact (per million $ for employment). 2 Calculated ratio of direct earnings to direct output impact. 3 Total impact per unit of direct earnings or employment impact. 4 Direct employment per million $ of sales/output (calculated by dividing the total employment multiplier by the direct effect employment multiplier. Source: IMPLAN Group, LLC, I-RIMS Multiplier data for United States (based on 2013 national and regional accounts) 33