Controlling Web Application Behavior
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1 2006 Marty Hall Controlling Web Application Behavior The Deployment Descriptor: web.xml JSP, Servlet, Struts, JSF, AJAX, & Java 5 Training: J2EE Books from Sun Press: Marty Hall For live J2EE training, see training courses on JSP, servlets, Struts, JSF, AJAX, and Java 5 at Taught by the author of Core Servlets and JSP, More Servlets and JSP, and this tutorial. Available at public venues, or customized versions can be held on-site at your organization. JSP, Servlet, Struts, JSF, AJAX, & Java 5 Training: J2EE Books Additional from Sun topics Press: available upon request.
2 Agenda Location and purpose of web.xml Custom URLs Initialization parameters Servlets JSP Pages Preloading pages Welcome pages Error pages 4 J2EE training: Deployment Descriptor: Basics Filename: web.xml Location: yourwebapp/web-inf install_dir/conf/web.xml is Tomcat-specific! Read: usually only when server starts Many servers have "hot deploy" option Tomcat 5.5 monitors web.xml and reloads Web app when web.xml changes Basic format: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> <web-app xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemalocation= " web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4"> <!-- "Real" elements go here. All are optional. --> </web-app> 5 J2EE training:
3 Deployment Descriptors: Version 2.4 vs : Needed for 2.4 features <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> <web-app xmlns=" xmlns:xsi=" xsi:schemalocation= " web-app_2_4.xsd" version="2.4">... </web-app> 2.3: Works in 2.3 and 2.4 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" " <web-app>... </web-app> Order of entries matters in 2.3 version of web.xml 6 J2EE training: Complete web.xml Ordering (Matters in 2.3 Version Only) icon display-name description distributable context-param filter filter-mapping listener servlet servlet-mapping session-config mime-mapping 7 J2EE training:
4 Complete web.xml Ordering (Continued) welcome-file-list error-page taglib resource-env-ref resource-ref security-constraint login-config security-role env-entry ejb-ref ejb-local-ref 8 J2EE training: Defining Custom URLs Java code package mypackage;... public class MyServlet extends HttpServet {... } web.xml entry (in <web-app...>...</web-app>) Give name to servlet <servlet> <servlet-name>myname</servlet-name> <servlet-class>mypackage.myservlet</servlet-class> </servlet> Give address (URL mapping) to servlet <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>myname</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/myaddress</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> Resultant URL 9 J2EE training:
5 More Notes on Custom URLs Can use wildcards for: File extension <url-pattern>*.asp</url-pattern> Directory <url-pattern>/dir1/dir2/*</url-pattern> Order matters in version 2.3 servlet before servlet-mapping Init params for JSP Use jsp-file instead of servletclass 10 J2EE training: Disabling Invoker Servlet Default servlet URL: Convenient during development, but wrong for deployment: Init parameters, security settings, filters, etc. are associated only with custom URLs Default URL is long and cumbersome You might want to hide implementation details Disabling it: In each Web application, redirect requests to other servlet <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>...</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> Globally Server-specific mechanism 11 J2EE training:
6 Disabling Invoker Servlet: Example public class NoInvokerServlet extends HttpServlet { public void doget(httpservletrequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {... String title = "Invoker Servlet Disabled."; out.println (doctype + "<HTML>\n" + "<HEAD><TITLE>" + title + "</TITLE></HEAD>\n" + "<BODY BGCOLOR=\"#FDF5E6\">\n" + "<H2>" + title + "</H2>\n" + "Sorry, access to servlets by means of\n" + "URLs that begin with\n" + " + "has been disabled.\n" + "</BODY></HTML>"); } public void dopost(...) { // call doget } } 12 J2EE training: Disabling Invoker Servlet: Example (Continued) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso "?> <web-app...> <!-- Disable the invoker servlet. --> <servlet> <servlet-name>noinvoker</servlet-name> <servlet-class> coreservlets.noinvokerservlet </servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>noinvoker</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app> 13 J2EE training:
7 Disabling Invoker Servlet: Example (Continued) 14 J2EE training: Failing to Disable Invoker Servlet: Definite Deployment-Time Error Causes problems with Init params Security settings Filters 15 J2EE training:
8 Making Your Own Web Apps Start with the "app-blank" Web app From Contains WEB-INF WEB-INF/web.xml WEB-INF/classes Copy it to yourwebappname Leave yourwebappname in your development directory (e.g., C:\Servlets+JSP) and add servlets, JSP, etc. Deploy and test Copy yourwebappname onto the shortcut to webapps If you are using Tomcat 5.0.x or earlier and you modified web.xml, you also need to restart the server 16 J2EE training: Who Needs to Customize Servlet Behavior? Author Change the actual code End user Supply value in HTML form Deployer Put initialization values in web.xml Parallels applet behavior Author changes the code End user manipulates GUI controls Deployer uses PARAM element inside APPLET element in the HTML file. 17 J2EE training:
9 Types of Initialization Servlets Call ServletConfig.getInitParameter from the init method JSP pages Call ServletConfig.getInitParameter from the jspinit method Servlet context Call ServletContext.getInitParameter What method to call this from? See lecture on listeners! Filters See later lecture Listeners See later lecture 18 J2EE training: Assigning Init Params: Problems with Invoker Servlet <servlet> <servlet-name>inittest</servlet-name> <servlet-class>moreservlets.initservlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <param-name>firstname</param-name> <param-value>larry</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name> address</param-name> </init-param> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>inittest</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/showinitvalues</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> 19 J2EE training:
10 Reading Servlet Initialization Parameters public class InitServlet extends HttpServlet { private String firstname, address; public void init() { ServletConfig config = getservletconfig(); firstname = config.getinitparameter("firstname"); address = config.getinitparameter(" address"); } } public void doget( ) { } 20 J2EE training: Servlet Initialization Parameters: Successful Result 21 J2EE training:
11 Servlet Initialization Parameters: Failed Result One address works; one fails This is too hard to remember! Disable invoker servlet, so there is only 1 address: the 1 that works! 22 J2EE training: Assigning JSP Initialization Parameters <servlet> <servlet-name>initpage</servlet-name> <jsp-file>/initpage.jsp</jsp-file> <init-param> <param-name>firstname</param-name> <param-value>bill</param-value> </init-param> <init-param> <param-name> address</param-name> <param-value>gates@oracle.com</param-value> </init-param> </servlet> 23 J2EE training:
12 Assigning JSP Initialization Parameters (Continued) <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>initpage</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/initpage.jsp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> If you leave invoker turned on and have declaration on previous page: Initialized JSP page could be accessed with Yuck! Assign URL back to original URL of JSP page instead. 24 J2EE training: Reading JSP Initialization Parameters <UL> <LI>First name: <%= firstname %> <LI> address: <%= address %> </UL> <%! private String firstname, address; public void jspinit() { ServletConfig config = getservletconfig(); firstname = config.getinitparameter("firstname"); address = config.getinitparameter(" address"); } %> 25 J2EE training:
13 JSP Initialization Parameters: Result 26 J2EE training: Assigning Application-Wide Initialization Parameters web.xml element: context-param <context-param> <param-name>support- </param-name> </context-param> Read with the getinitparameter method of ServletContext (not ServletConfig) Problem: who should call getinitparameter? load-on-startup gives partial solution Listeners give much better answer 27 J2EE training:
14 Loading Servlets or JSP Pages When Server Starts What if servlet or JSP page defines data that other resources use? <servlet> <servlet-name>...</servlet-name> <servlet-class>...</servlet-class> <!-- Or jsp-file instead of servlet-class --> <load-on-startup/> </servlet> You can also specify relative order of multiple preloaded resources <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup> 28 J2EE training: Specifying Welcome Pages What result do you get for index.jsp? index.html? index.htm? default.htm? A 404 error? A directory listing? Answer: it depends on the server. Make at least the file ordering portable: <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> 29 J2EE training:
15 Designating Pages to Handle Errors Pages to use for specific HTTP status codes Use the error-code element Within error-page Pages to use when specific uncaught exceptions are thrown Use the exception-type element Within error-page Page-specific error pages Use page errorpage="relative URL" %> In individual JSP page, not in web.xml 30 J2EE training: Error Pages and Status Codes <web-app...> <error-page> <error-code>404</error-code> <location>/web-inf/notfound.jsp</location> </error-page>... </web-app> 31 J2EE training:
16 Error Pages and Status Codes: Result 32 J2EE training: A Dangerous Computation package moreservlets; /** Exception used to flag particularly onerous programmer blunders. Used to illustrate the exception-type web.xml element. */ public class DumbDeveloperException extends Exception { public DumbDeveloperException() { super("duh. What was I *thinking*?"); } } public static int dangerouscomputation(int n) throws DumbDeveloperException { if (n < 5) { return(n + 10); } else { throw(new DumbDeveloperException()); } } 33 J2EE training:
17 A Risky Page <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Risky JSP Page</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6"> <H2>Risky Calculations</H2> page import="moreservlets.*" %> <% int n = ((int)(10 * Math.random())); %> <UL> <LI>n: <%= n %> <LI>dangerousComputation(n): <%= DumbDeveloperException.dangerousComputation(n) %> </UL> </BODY></HTML> 34 J2EE training: Declaring Error Page for DDE <web-app...> <error-page> <exception-type> moreservlets.dumbdeveloperexception </exception-type> <location>/web-inf/dde.jsp</location> </error-page>... </web-app> 35 J2EE training:
18 WEB-INF/DDE.jsp <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"> <HTML> <HEAD><TITLE>Dumb</TITLE></HEAD> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FDF5E6"> <H2>Dumb Developer</H2> We're brain dead. Consider using our competitors. </BODY></HTML> 36 J2EE training: Error Pages and Exceptions: Results 37 J2EE training:
19 Session Timeouts You can explicitly deactivate sessions session.invalidate() You can also set session timeout session.setmaxinactiveinterval(...) You can set Web-app-wide default timeout <session-config> <session-timeout> time-in-minutes </session-timeout> </session-config> A value of 0 or negative number indicates that default sessions should never automatically time out If no session-config Default session timeout is server-specific 38 J2EE training: Deactivating Scripting or Expression Language (ver. 2.4 only) Disabling scripting Used when you want to enforce pure-mvc approach <jsp-property-group> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> <scripting-invalid>true</scripting-invalid> </jsp-property-group> Disabling Expression Language Used when you have JSP 1.2 pages that might accidentally contain ${blah}. Note that EL is disabled automatically if you use version 2.3 of web.xml. <jsp-property-group> <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern> <el-ignored>true</el-ignored> </jsp-property-group> 39 J2EE training:
20 Other web.xml Capabilities Documenting Web app icon, display-name, description Mapping files to MIME types mime-mapping Allowing execution on multiple systems in cluster distributable Setting encodings for groups of pages (2.4 only) page-encoding within jsp-property-group Implicit includes (2.4 only) include-prelude, include-coda within jsp-property-group Includes files at beginning/end of each of set of JSP pages More that we'll see later in the course Designating security settings Declaring filters Setting up listeners Specifying tag library validators 40 J2EE training: Summary URLs servlet (servlet-class, servlet-name) servlet-mapping (servlet-name, url-pattern) Init parameters init-param Welcome pages welcome-file-list Error pages error-page (error-code, exception-type) Default session timeouts session-config (session-timeout) Disabling scripting or EL jsp-property-group (url-pattern, scripting-invalid/el-ignored) 41 J2EE training:
21 2006 Marty Hall Questions? Servlet, JSP, Struts, and JSF Training Courses: courses.coreservlets.com Core Servlets & JSP book: More Servlets & JSP book: JSP, Servlet, Struts, JSF, AJAX, & Java 5 Training: J2EE Books from Sun Press:
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