Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos

Transcription

1 Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos Américo Azevedo Gil Gonçalves João Sousa 2010/2011 Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 1

2 "Life was simple before World War II. After that, we had systems. Admiral Grace Hopper Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 2

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4 Basic Concepts SYSTEMS ENGINEERING Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 4

5 System A set or arrangement of elements.... people, products (hardware and software) and processes (facilities, equipment, material, and procedures).... that are related and whose behavior satisfies customer and operational needs, and provides for the life cycle sustainment of the products. IEEE Standard for Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process (IEEE Std ) The space shuttle passes through the sound barrier during ascent. (Image courtesy of NASA.) Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 5

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7 What is Systems Engineering? Large engineering projects, such as the development of a new airliner or warship, can often be subdivided and managed through the execution of a series of smaller, interconnected engineering projects. This approach to engineering is inherently complex, since the behavior of and interaction between such "subsystems" is not always apparent. Characterizing such complex systems is the domain of systems engineering. Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 7

8 Other definitions A robust approach to the design, creation and operation of systems (NASA) An interdisciplinary approach to evolve and verify an integrated and life-cycle balanced set of system product and process solutions that satisfy costumer needs (DoD) The interdisciplinary tasks, which are requireed throughout the system s life cycle to transform costumer needs, requirements, and constraints into a system solution (IEEE) Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 8

9 The field originated around the time of World War II Several definitions but.. Interdisciplinary Costumer needs System life cycle Broad spectrum of functions It is not Project Management! Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 9

10 Project Management Planning, organizing, securing and managing resources to bring about the successful completion of specific project goals and objectives A project is a temporary endeavor, having a defined beginning and end (usually constrained by date, but can be by funding or deliverables), undertaken to meet unique goals and objectives, usually to bring about beneficial change or added value Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 10

11 Project Management Planning Organizing Staffing Directing Controlling... Systems Engineering Problem Definition Solution Analysis Process Planning Process Control Product Evaluation Software Engineering Requirements Analysis Architectural software design Coding Unit Testing Subsystem Integration Verification, validation Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 11

12 Systems Engineering functions must Include management and technical roles Translate operational needs into a configured system Consider the needs of all primary functions (development, manufacturing, verification, deployement, operations, support, training, and disposal) Integrate all technical (and non-technical) disciplines Ensure the compatibility of all physical and functional interfaces Identify and manage risks Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 12

13 Systems Engineering tasks State the problem Understand customer needs Discover requirements Validate requirements Investigate alternatives Define quantitative measures Model the system Functional decomposition Design the system Sensitivity analyses Assess & manage risk Reliability analyses Integrate system components Design & manage interfaces Execute configuration management Project management Produce documentation Lead teams Assess performance Prescribe tests Conduct reviews Verify requirements Perform total system test Re-evaluate & Improve quality Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 13

14 Systems Engineering tasks Small project, all tasks might be done by one person Large project, each task might be done by a different department or company Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 14

15 Use Systems Engineering to.. Provide high-quality products and services Achieve the correct performance features, at an affordable price, and on time Increase the probability of success Reduce risk Reduce total-life-cycle cost Satisfy user needs, system requirements, and contraints! Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 15

16 Was Victor Frankenstein a good Systems Engineer?* Yes! He built a complex system with many components, and his system worked! High marks for low cost high performance on schedule great reusability However, low marks for total system test life cycle analysis risk management * Example by Terry Bahill Análise de Sistemas e Gestão de Projectos 16