INJURY BIOMECHANICS IN VULNERABLE POPULATIONS

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Rosa Thomas
8 years ago
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1 INJURY BIOMECHANICS IN VULNERABLE POPULATIONS Developing Tools to Study Injury in Children & Seniors Megan Mackenzie Toyota Technical Center Dr. Jonathan Rupp University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) Dr. Haojie Mao Wayne State University

2 Think Like An Engineer Number of Drivers Number of Drivers Involved in Fatal Accidents per 100,000 Miles US U.S. traffic accident databases show injury patterns changing with age IIHS Traffic Fatality Facts Age >85 Risk of AIS 3+ Injury (%) Age Rupp et al. SAE GI 2011 Presentation Our challenge as engineers is to find ways to reduce these numbers? The first key step is understanding WHY? Then we can work to engineer solutions

3 Root Cause - Vehicle For vehicles, the evaluation process is concrete: Vehicles are designed to help absorb the energy of the crash in a specific way You can inspect the parts You can change the parts & directly compare the performance and analysis and Analysis You know how the parts were connected before the impact You know the precise geometry of the parts You know the material composition of the parts You can make multiple parts & test in various ways

4 Root Cause - Occupant Understanding the occupant mechanics and injury tolerances requires an ever expanding set of tools and analysis and Analysis

5 Root Cause - Occupant You can t put a person in a vehicle and crash it

6 Root Cause - Occupant Advanced human body models capable of tracking body loads and movements are a key step to better understanding injury mechanisms Total Human Model for Safety Artery Lung Heart Liver Stomach Large Intestine Spleen Small Intestine Bladder Right Side View Front View

7 Root Cause - Occupant People come in a variety of shapes and sizes

8 Root Cause - Occupant Which effects our interaction with the vehicle Belt across neck Belt across abdomen Belt across abdomen UMTRI NHTSA UMTRI

9 Root Cause - Occupant Our bodies change as we age & vary from person to person FEMORAL CROSS SECTION BY AGE 80-Year-Old Female Samples Barrel Chesting 80-Year-Old Male Samples NHTSA

10 Root Cause - Occupant Our bodies change as we age & vary from person to person 6 Year Old 29 Year Old 73 Year Old Videos from J. Stitzel, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Injury Biomechanics

11 Root Cause - Occupant Which effects our tolerance to loading Cumulative Injury Distribution Females 15 to 49 Years Old Females 50 to 97 Years Old Vehicle Speed Change (kph) Mertz, Dalmotas, Stapp Car Crash Journal, Vol. 51 (Oct. 2007)

12 Root Cause - Occupant Which effects our tolerance to loading FEMORAL CROSS SECTION BY AGE

13 Root Cause - Occupant What the person was doing before the impact effects their response during the impact

14 Root Cause - Occupant In order to continue efforts toward making vehicles safer, we need to understand the population variation & its implication with regards to injury risk in an impact

15 Number of Drivers Number of Drivers Involved in Fatal Accidents per 100,000 Miles US IIHS Traffic Fatality Facts 2007 WHY? Identifying Population Variation Characterize seat position, posture, belt-fit, and body shape based on height, weight, gender, & AGE >85 Age UMTRI Define the variation

16 Identifying Population Variation Number of Drivers Number of Drivers Involved in Fatal Accidents per 100,000 Miles US Virtual Human Body Models IIHS Traffic Fatality Facts 2007 Version 4 WHY? >85 Age Accident and analysis and Analysis Study the variation as it relates to injury Wayne State 10YO Child Small Female Mid- & Large Size Male Senior Female Developing new computer models to serve as tools for studying the effects of automobile accidents on child and senior passengers. Define the variation

17 Identifying Population Variation Number of Drivers Involved in Fatal Accidents per 100,000 Miles US Number of Drivers IIHS Traffic Fatality Facts WHY? >85 and analysis and Analysis Study the variation as it relates to injury Age Define the variation Then, we can work to advance safety systems with knowledge-based engineering

Use of Age, Height and Weight to Predict Injury in Pediatric Advanced Automatic Crash Notification

Use of Age, Height and Weight to Predict Injury in Pediatric Advanced Automatic Crash Notification Joel Stitzel, PhD PI Andrea Doud MD, Ashley Weaver PhD, Jennifer Talton MS, Ryan Barnard MS, Samantha