Top Ten Things You Need to Know About Bariatric Surgery Patients. Laura Dyck, M.S., R.D., LDN Comprehensive Weight Management Center, Kingsport, TN

Transcription

1 Top Ten Things You Need to Know About Bariatric Surgery Patients Laura Dyck, M.S., R.D., LDN Comprehensive Weight Management Center, Kingsport, TN

2 Top Ten Things You Need to Know About Bariatric Surgery Patients 1) Who qualifies? 2) Surgery options 3) Who benefits? 4) Who may NOT be a good candidate? 5) How safe is the surgery? 6) Where should I refer candidates for surgery? 7) Post-Op diet 8) Supplements/Lab Monitoring 9) Post-Op exercise 10) Other potential issues related to bariatric surgery

3 1) Who Qualifies? BMI of with co-morbid conditions OR >40 without co- morbid conditions Documented failed attempts at weight loss Weight Class Normal Weight BMI (kg/m 2 ) Overweight Obesity (Class I) Obesity (Class II) Morbid Obesity (Class III) >40.0

4 Who Qualifies? Able to comprehend, and motivated for, lifelong lifestyle changes Committed to lifelong medical monitoring Willing to give up tobacco, NSAIDs Age range (typical) ~18-65 years Able to obtain psychological clearance for surgery.

5 Who Qualifies? Many insurances cover surgery (Medicare and Medicaid do cover)- Must complete insurance company requirements (medical weight management, weight loss requirements, etc.) PCP and/or FNP may provide medical weight management (designated number of consecutive monthly appts., solely to discuss diet, exercise and behavior change)

6 2) Common Surgical Options for Weight Loss Restrictive- Gastric banding & sleeve gastrectomy (sleeve can be Part One of 2 part procedure) Malabsorptive- Biliopancreatic diversion & biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch Combination- Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

7 Common Surgical Options for Weight Loss- Gastric Banding Images Courtesy of Ethicon

8 Common Surgical Options for Weight Loss- Sleeve Gastrectomy Image Courtesy of Ethicon

9 Common Surgical Options for Weight Loss- Gastric Bypass Image Courtesy of Ethicon

10 Common Surgical Options for Weight Loss- Comparison Gastric Banding % Weight Loss* In 2-3 years Sleeve Gastrectomy % Weight Loss* In 12 months Gastric Bypass % Weight Loss* In 9-12 months *%ages refer to Excess Weight Lost

11 Common Surgical Options for Weight Loss- Which is Best? Depends on many individual factors: How much weight to lose? Which is safest given body shape/size? Compliance with dietary changes? Work/family schedule? Geographic location?

12 3) Who Benefits? Obese patients with: 1) Diabetes 2) Hypertension 3) High Cholesterol 4) Sleep Apnea GBP 1 Sleeve 2 Band 1 Resolved 83.7% R- 56% R- 47.8% Resolved 67.5% R- 49% R- 43.2% Improved 94.9% R- 43% I- 78.3% Resolved 80.4% R- 60% R 94.6% Improvements/Resolution also seen with: -GERD 3 -Depression 4 -Osteoarthritis/Joint Pain 4 -Stress Urinary Incontinence 4 -Menstrual dysfunction d/t PCOS 5 -Ovulation and Fertility Restored 5 -Quality of Life/Increased Activity 1

13 4) Who may NOT be a Good Candidate for Surgery? Have other untreated medical conditions that may have caused obesity Psychological or cognitive limitations that jeopardize informed consent and cooperation with long term follow-up Immobility Medical issues that make surgery too risky

14 Who may NOT be a Good Candidate for Surgery? Unwilling to give up tobacco & NSAIDs Hepatic cirrhosis with impaired liver function Active Drug/Alcohol Abuse Not willing to/motivated to make lifelong lifestyle changes Patient is pregnant

15 5) How Safe is Surgery? Bariatric surgery holds no more risk than gallbladder or hip replacement surgery- the risks of surgery are lower than long term risks of living with obesity (increasing risks of dying due to heart disease, diabetes, etc. daily) 6

16 How Safe is Surgery? Bariatric surgery is now endorsed by the: American Heart Association American Diabetes Association International Diabetes Federation American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists

17 Risks and Complications Dumping Syndrome (a blessing & a curse!) Bleeding Infections Complications with anesthesia Blood clots Injury to stomach, esophagus, surrounding organs Leaks or blockages at site where tissue has been sewn or stapled

18 6) Where should I refer candidates for surgery? Look for a: Bariatric Surgery Center of Excellence

19 Where should I refer candidates for surgery? The American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) + the American College of Surgeons (ACS)= Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program (MBSAQIP)

20 Holding a Center of Excellence Designation Means Centers Are: Accountable for the quality and safety of surgery in their center Participating in ongoing data collection/analysis Going through a site inspection/approval process every 3 years Stressing safety, proficiency and volume

21 Holding a Center of Excellence Designation Means Centers Are: Requiring a multidisciplinary team for appropriate patient care Hosting monthly support group meetings for patients Dedicated to long term follow-up (Patients should be followed by their bariatric surgeon for LIFE!)

22 QUIZ TIME!

23 Which foods will I need to avoid after gastric bypass surgery? a. Alcohol b. Carbonated beverages c. Sugar d. All of the above

24 Which foods will I need to avoid after gastric bypass surgery? a. Alcohol b. Carbonated beverages c. Sugar d. All of the above 0% 0% 0% 0% Alcohol Carbonated beverages Sugar All of the above

25 Which foods will I need to avoid after gastric bypass surgery? a. Alcohol b. Carbonated beverages c. Sugar d. All of the above

26 After surgery I will need to: a. Chew my food thoroughly b. Take minutes to eat a meal c. Eat and drink at the same time d. a & b

27 Eat and drink at the sam... a & b Take minutes to e.. Chew my food thoroughly After surgery I will need to: a. Chew my food thoroughly b. Take minutes to eat a meal c. Eat and drink at the same time d. a & b 0% 0% 0% 0%

28 After surgery I will need to: a. Chew my food thoroughly b. Take minutes to eat a meal c. Eat and drink at the same time d. a & b

29 Xylitol, Lactitol and Sorbitol found in foods are classified as: a. Sugar b. Sugar Alcohols c. Fat d. Preservatives

30 Xylitol, Lactitol and Sorbitol found in foods are classified as: a. Sugar b. Sugar Alcohols c. Fat d. Preservatives 0% 0% 0% 0% Sugar Sugar Alcohols Fat Preservatives

31 Xylitol, Lactitol and Sorbitol found in foods are classified as: a. Sugar b. Sugar Alcohols c. Fat d. Preservatives

32 Chewing gum is not allowed. If you do chew it and swallow it you might have which complication? a. Ulcer formation b. Headache c. Diarrhea d. Outlet obstruction of your gastric pouch

33 Chewing gum is not allowed. If you do chew it and swallow it you might have which complication? a. Ulcer formation b. Headache c. Diarrhea d. Outlet obstruction of your gastric pouch Ulcer formation 0% 0% 0% 0% Headache Diarrhea Outlet obstruction of yo..

34 Chewing gum is not allowed. If you do chew it and swallow it you might have which complication? a. Ulcer formation b. Headache c. Diarrhea d. Outlet obstruction of your gastric pouch

35 Dumping Syndrome after gastric bypass (and possibly sleeve gastrectomy) can occur by eating foods high in: a. Fat b. Sugar c. Sugar Alcohols d. All of the above

36 Dumping Syndrome after gastric bypass (and possibly sleeve gastrectomy) can occur by eating foods high in: a. Fat b. Sugar c. Sugar Alcohols d. All of the above 0% 0% 0% 0% Fat Sugar Sugar Alcohols All of the above

37 Dumping Syndrome after gastric bypass (and possibly sleeve gastrectomy) can occur by eating foods high in: a. Fat b. Sugar c. Sugar Alcohols d. All of the above

38 7) Post-Op Diet Phases are slowly progressed through for ~8-12 weeks after surgery Diet for life is a low fat, sugar free, balanced diet with smaller serving sizes grams of Protein/day

39 Post-Op Diet STOP when full- otherwise, will lead to N/V CHEW WELL- otherwise, will lead to N/V Dumping Syndrome with high fat and/or high sugar foods after Gastric Bypass (and mild dumping is possible after sleeve gastrectomy)

40 Post-Op Diet Separate foods/fluids by at least 30 minutes Fluid goals: 6-8 cups/day, SF, noncarbonated, caffeine free, noncaloric Avoid Alcohol- ESPECIALLY GBP patients

41 8) Post-Op Supplements/Lab Monitoring Sleeve Gastrectomy/Gastric Banding MVI/Mineral Supplement daily Calcium Citrate mg/day Gastric Bypass MVI/Mineral Supplement daily Vitamin B mcg/day sublingual or 1000mcg IM injection/month Calcium Citrate mg/day Iron (for menstruating women or if directed by MD or FNP) mg of Ferrous Sulfate daily

42 Post-Op Labs to Monitor/Check CMP (electrolytes, albumin, etc.) CBC Serum B12 (especially with GBP) Ferritin/Iron Profile Lipid Panel 25-hydroxyvitamin D or ionized Calcium

43 9) Post-Op Exercise Is an absolute MUST!!! Patients should gradually work up to goal of 45 minutes- 1 hour of exercise most days of the week. Should have education preoperatively and resources, if needed

44 Post-Op Exercise Support groups are great places to build on exercise knowledge Utilize community resources (parks, rec centers, senior s centers, gyms, Med Fit Center, etc) and nationally offered resources (National Institute on Aging, Go4Life Exercise and Physical Activity Books/DVD)

45 10) Other Potential Issues Related to Bariatric Surgery Ulcers/Reflux (Don t smoke/avoid NSAIDs) Incisional hernias (especially if open procedure) Loose skin Hypoglycemia Strictures Addiction Transfer Syndrome Weight Regain (~10% regain is normal)

46 References 1. Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, et al. Bariatric surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;292: EES summary of data contained in review article: Brethauer SA, Hammel JP, Schauer PR. Systematic review of sleeve gastrectomy as staging and primary bariatric procedure. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2009;5: Wittgrove A, Clark G. Laparoscopic gastric bypass, Rouxen-Y patients: technique and results, with 3-60 month follow-up. Obes Surg. 2000;10(3): Schauer P, Ikramuddin S, Gourash W, et al. Outcomes after laparoscopic roux-en-y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Ann Surg. 2000;232(4): Eid GM, Cottam DR, Velcu LM, et al. Effective treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome with roux-en-y gastric byapss. Surg Obes Related Dis. 2005;2: The Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery (LABS) Consortium. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:

47 QUESTIONS?