A Study of Reading & Writing Strategies in the Teaching of Technical/Scientific Translation to Students of English Major
|
|
- Suzanna Horn
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 真 理 大 學 人 文 學 報 第 二 期 頁 民 國 93 年 3 月 A Study of Reading & Writing Strategies in the Teaching of Technical/Scientific Translation to Students of English Major Yaling Chen Instructor, Department of Foreign Languages & Literature, Aletheia University Chester Tzi-Yi Kuo Ph.D. Candidate, Graduate School of Physics, National Central University Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate reading & writing strategies in the teaching of technical/scientific translation to students of English major. Related literature is reviewed and reading & writing strategies, currently widely used in the science class of elementary and middle schools abroad but in an experimental stage in the elementary schools of Taiwan, is studied in an English- Chinese translation class context, and promoted for several reasons. Additionally, we have conducted a survey on students of English major in Aletheia University, collecting data that is likely to affect the real implementation of reading and writing strategies. In assessing students summary writings, we reviewed existing literature, and adapted Lin, Su-Wen s an evaluation rubric of science summary writing including six criteria as a quantitative assessment instrument. They are: theme, scientific concept, creative association, text organization, specialized terms, and word/grammar correctness. Moreover, suggestions are made regarding the set-up of related class in technical writing or translation in the curriculum of general education or English programs. Lastly, the authors call for the importance of equipping students with technical/scientific translation skill to meet the growing needs of modern society. Keywords:
2 176 真 理 大 學 人 文 學 報 Reading and writing strategies, technical and scientific translation, technical writing, general education 讀 寫 策 略 應 用 於 科 技 英 文 翻 譯 教 學 之 研 究 陳 雅 齡 真 理 大 學 外 國 語 文 學 系 專 任 講 師 美 國 華 盛 頓 州 社 會 局 授 證 口 譯 員 郭 子 毅 國 立 中 央 大 學 物 理 系 研 究 所 博 士 候 選 人 開 元 法 律 專 利 事 務 所 科 技 專 利 經 理 摘 要 本 篇 研 究 探 討 如 何 應 用 讀 寫 策 略 於 科 技 英 文 翻 譯 之 教 學 作 者 先 對 國 內 外 相 關 文 獻 作 整 理, 經 研 究 發 現 讀 寫 策 略 在 西 方 國 家 的 中 小 學 相 當 盛 行, 而 當 今 台 灣 中 小 學 卻 仍 然 處 於 實 驗 階 段 作 者 並 在 真 理 大 學 外 文 系 翻 譯 課 上, 做 了 一 次 問 卷 調 查, 嘗 試 比 較 正 規 外 文 系 學 生 和 假 日 班 學 生 在 實 行 讀 寫 策 略 下 可 能 面 對 的 各 種 困 難 調 查 結 果 後 決 定 採 取 六 種 衡 量 學 生 科 技 寫 作 的 標 準, 它 們 是 主 題 科 學 概 念 聯 想 組 織 專 門 術 語 文 法 研 究 並 發 現 : 1. 假 日 班 學 生 與 正 規 班 學 生 皆 認 為 科 技 常 識 不 足 為 執 行 讀 寫 策 略 最 重 要 的 困 難 2. 較 多 假 日 班 學 生 認 為 大 學 通 識 教 育 提 供 他 們 科 技 的 概 念 與 常 識 3. 較 多 假 日 班 學 生 擔 心 作 文 能 力 的 不 足 最 後 我 們 建 議 大 學 增 開 科 技 英 文 寫 作 相 關 課 程, 以 適 應 當 今 翻 譯 潮 流 關 鍵 詞 : 讀 寫 策 略 科 技 翻 譯 科 技 論 文 寫 作 通 識 教 育
3 A Study of Reading and Writing Strategies in the Teaching of Technical/ Scentific Traslation to Students of English Major Introduction As a result of a growing amount of information transfer and need of technical/scientific writers worldwide, the definition and role of technical writer has changed significantly over the past 90 years. Today, the technical writer often has a major input into the development of a commercial product, and is well recognized for his or her contribution. In Taiwan, where originally engineers wrote all technical documentation, today trained technical writers, who may or may not have technical backgrounds, write the majority of the documentation accompanying their company s products. In a survey on the technical writing profession in Taiwan, Chiou, Hsiao-Fang (2002) has indicated that although a majority of companies (68%) surveyed ask personnel in engineering or marketing departments to create or translate technical documentation, there is a great percentage of other companies that hire professional technical writers who don t have any technical background but hold a bachelor s degree in English, to take charge of the technical writing. Naturally, in promoting technical communication, we already have had some studies and books aimed at engineers. But what we desperately need now, is to investigate a teaching method to help non-engineering students, especially students of English majors, to become trained technical/scientific translators. Traditionally, students of humanity hold a repellent attitude toward science classes; most of them admit that they either disliked or did poorly in math and science class prior to entering university. While most translation workshops aimed at engineers have a clear focus on elevating engineers English writing skill, most translation classes aimed at students of non-engineering majors without technical background, have typically focused on teaching specialized vocabularies in science and engineering for translation from English to Chinese or Chinese to English. Yet, according to the Central Regional Educational Laboratory, U.S.A., to achieve a certain level of scientific literacy, teachers should direct students to experience a high order thinking process - to think meaningfully about issues/problems in science and synthesize gathered information. Students of English majors predominantly study to be translators, writers, or interpreters for business groups and government organizations (Tegtmeier and others, 1999), but up to now, the real English technical writing course has not been taught in many of the colleges in Taiwan, despite courses
4 178 真 理 大 學 人 文 學 報 labeled English for Special Purposes or English for Science and Technology. On the other hand, as indicated in many reports and books on translation, translation itself is a writing process and a translator s most important skill is writing in the target language. (Brockbank, 2001). In Taiwan, as English is an acquired language since middle school years, college teachers including those of English department often spend quite a great deal of time and efforts correcting students bad writing habits. In teaching technical/scientific translation to students of English majors, there is therefore a need to employ a teaching method which combines the curricular goal of both literary training and scientific literacy. 2. Literature Review In the science class of elementary and middle schools abroad, instead of giving pure instruction, foreign teachers tend to employ a teaching method called reading and writing strategies to reach the dual curricular goal of science and literature. Foreign students thus take a more initiative role than students in Taiwan throughout the learning process. Fortunately in Taiwan, a few researchers have started to notice the advantages of reading and writing unison. For example, in 2003 Lin, Su-Wen has once conducted two instructional cycles of reading and writing strategies in the sixth grade of elementary school; Hung, Wen-Dong (1997) has repeatedly claimed the benefits of reading different types of scientific/technical texts as a part of high order thinking process in constructing students background knowledge. Reading & writing strategies are beneficial to students of science classes in elementary and middle schools. According to literature review, there are the following advantages: a. By employing reading & writing strategies in science class, students think meaningfully about a topic and synthesize gathered information. Instead of being instructed, students engage in scientific/technical reading and construct knowledge based on different starting scheme (Hung, 1997). The learning experience and learning results of each student are therefore distinct from each other. b. Based on a certain set of quantitative assessment criteria, students repeatedly get feedback from teachers about their writing projects. Students receive training in
5 A Study of Reading and Writing Strategies in the Teaching of Technical/ Scentific Traslation to Students of English Major 179 both literary writing and scientific literacy. Additionally, according to Hung, there are three kinds of factors involved in the process of reading comprehension. They are: a. readers factors: individual background, ability, and motivation. b. text factors: Text types, characteristics, structure, and readability. c. situational factors: Interaction, time, mood, and occasion of reading a text. In assessing students summary writings, Lin, Su-Wen in 2003 edited an evaluation rubric of science summary writing as a quantitative assessment tool. During her research period, students did four science summary writings. The first and last writings were analyzed as the pre- and the post- tests, while the second and the third writings were practices. Her evaluation rubric contains six criteria, which are: a. theme b. scientific concept c. creative association d. text organization e. summary words f. word/grammar correctness Lastly, to help students achieve their utmost in the high order thinking process to construct background knowledge said to have a lasting effect, all researchers agreed on the benefit of providing as much guidance as allowed to keep students on the right track. 3. Survey In November 2003, the authors conducted a survey in the translation classes at Aletheia University to investigate students backgrounds, attitudes, motivation, and anticipated difficulties in reading sampled scientific/technical texts and writing summary reports. The survey has been designed with four categories of questions with an aim to: a. verify the prior presumption that basic difference between engineering writers and students of English major is short of background knowledge ;
6 180 真 理 大 學 人 文 學 報 b. check if there exist individual differences related to readers, text, and situational factors; c. compare any possible differences between students of two categories - regular English program and weekend program. Specifically speaking, the questionnaire lists questions including: a. students background, prior knowledge of technical/scientific field. b. whether the curriculum of general education at Aletheia University provides students with a general knowledge of scientific/technical field. c. preference of sampled texts, narrative or expository texts. d. anticipated concerns or difficulties in writing a summary report, including (1) terminology (2) not knowing any reference resources or subject experts to turn to (3) short of background knowledge (4) lack of interest (5) poor English language capabilities (6) poor Chinese language capabilities 4. Discussion Of the 119 students surveyed in the regular English program, there are 105 students who graduated from high school, 13 students from vocational schools, and 1 student transferred from a junior college. When asked if the courses of general education at Aletheia University provide a general knowledge of scientific/technical field, 76 students (57%) disagree whereas 52 students (43%) agree. 30 of them (25%) prefer to read sampled expository texts and then submit a summary writing, while 89 of them (72%) prefer sampled narrative texts. Among the major difficulties in writing a summary report, 84 of them (71%) list short of background knowledge as one of the major difficulty, followed by not knowing any reference resources and subject expects to turn to (75, 63%), terminology (68, 57%), and poor English language capabilities (59, 44%) on the list. Of the 37 students surveyed in the weekend program, 36 of them graduated with non-english majors. 22 of them (59%) agree that the courses of general education at Aletheia University provide them a general knowledge of technical/scientific field; 15
7 A Study of Reading and Writing Strategies in the Teaching of Technical/ Scentific Traslation to Students of English Major 181 of them (41%) disagree. Only 4 of them prefer to read sampled expository texts to submit a summary writing, while 33 of them prefer narrative texts. Among the major concerns or difficulties in writing a summary report, as many as 25 of them (68%) consider short of background knowledge as one of the top three difficulties; 24 (65%) of them list poor English language capabilities ; 19 of them (51%) don t know any reference resources and subject experts to turn to; another 19 of them (51%) place how to use appropriate terminology as the major difficulty. Fig.1 Students of Regular Program 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Narrative Texts Expository Texts Preference of Text Types Fig.2 Students of Weekend Program 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Narrative Texts Expository Texts Preference of Text Types
8 182 真 理 大 學 人 文 學 報 Fig. 3 The Courses of General Education Provide a General Technical/Scientific Knowledge 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Agree - Regular Program Agree - Weekend Program Fig. 4 Major Difficulties - Regular Program 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Background Knowledge Lack of References Terminology Poor English Lack of Interest Poor Chinese
9 A Study of Reading and Writing Strategies in the Teaching of Technical/ Scentific Traslation to Students of English Major 183 Fig. 5 Major Difficulties - Weekend Program 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Background Knowledge Poor English Lack of References Terminology Lack of Interest Poor Chinese Based on these findings, we know most students of regular English program do not feel that they acquire a general scientific/technical knowledge from the current general education of Aletheia University. When asked further, most of them comment them as hard and dry. On the other hand, a majority of students in the weekend program, partly due to their non-english academic background and concurrent working experience in relation to scientific/technical field, feel satisfied with the scientific/technical courses of general education at Aletheia University (59%) Interestingly enough, students of both groups prefer narrative texts, i.e. students of both groups feel more comfortable in acquiring technical/scientific information through news clips, stories, reports, dramas of scientific nature; only a very small percentage of them are ready to acquire knowledge through expository texts. When sample technical/scientific texts are introduced to students of English programs, narrative texts are therefore suggested to account for the most part in the beginning stage to stir up students interests in reading more scientific/technical texts. One last finding is that students of both groups list short of background knowledge as one of the top three difficulties in writing a summary report. Students of weekend program even list poor English language capabilities as the second major weakness to be resolved (24, 65%). It is another evidence that reading and writing strategies which unify the curricular goal of both science and literature class are the right teaching method to be promoted in teaching technical/scientific
10 184 真 理 大 學 人 文 學 報 translation. 5. Adaptation of Reading and Writing Strategies to a Translation Class Context To adapt existing reading and writing strategies to a translation class context, we first review the evaluation tool edited by Lin, Su-Wen in 2003, and feel the need to change summary words to specialized terms. In dong so, students become more attentive to the appearance of scientific/technical terminology in a scientific/technical text and are expected to think meaningfully about each of them in preparation for writing a summary report. Additionally, we feel it necessary to systematically collect and arrange different types of scientific/technical texts. According to the results of the survey, although more students are interested in narrative texts, which state facts or actual experiences in the form of stories, news clips, dramas, and reports, we still need to provide expository texts, the major form of scientific/technical texts, to help students understand the reasons and rules of science theory in constructing more profound knowledge. 6. Conclusion In conclusion, there is a drastic need of cultivating qualified technical/scientific translators. Students of English major, who have the best literary weapon, are the most ideal candidates to educate. Consequently, to achieve such a goal, there is a need of setting up an English technical writing class in the curriculum of general education or English program. In addition, as most students of weekend programs feel unconfident in their English writing skill, we suggest their taking more composition class than the current curriculum requires, to strengthen their writing skill.
11 A Study of Reading and Writing Strategies in the Teaching of Technical/ Scentific Traslation to Students of English Major 185 References Brockbank, Eileen (2001). The Translator Is a Writer. Accurapid Vol 5. No.2. Chiou, Hsiao-Fang (2001). A Study on the Technical Writing Profession in Taiwan: Demand and Competency. Master s thesis, National Kaohsiaung First University of Science and Technology, Graduate Program of Applied English. Hung, Wen-Dong (1997). The Reading Comprehension of Scientific Texts. Science Education, National PingTung Teachers College, Vol 5, p14 p25. Lin, Su-Wen (2003). Teaching students reading/writing strategies to promote their Science writing performance: An action research. Master s thesis, National Taipei Teachers College, Graduate Program of Math and Science Teaching. Tegtmeier, P., S. Thompson, R. Smith, D. L. Scroggs, & S. Dragga (1999). China is hungry: Technical communication in the People s Republic of China. Technical Communication 46:36-41.
Proficient 2 (80-89%)
Electronic Evidence # Literacy Infused Curriculum Project: Special Education Project Rubric Evidence Descriptors and Tool Highlighted yellow text below describes how the evidence specifically addresses
More informationStandard Two: Knowledge of Mathematics: The teacher shall be knowledgeable about mathematics and mathematics instruction.
Performance-Based Standards for Colorado Teachers The following shall serve as standards for the licensing of all teacher education candidates in Colorado and reflect the knowledge and skills required
More informationCollege of Education. Curriculum and Instruction
317 INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA. (1) An introductory instructional media experience including basic production and utilization techniques for media materials and operation of commonly used educational
More informationSection 2: Program Summary Economics (CA): Secondary Major and Minor
Section 2: Program Summary Economics (CA): Secondary Major and Minor The University Detroit Mercy (UDM), a Catholic institution whose mission flows from the educational traditions of the Sisters of Mercy
More informationCreative Writing. Choose from specializations in f iction, poetry and creative nonf iction.
Creative Writing Choose from specializations in f iction, poetry and creative nonf iction. Find your voice. Develop your craft. WRITING The part-time graduate program in creative writing provides students
More informationCOMMUNICATION COMMUNITIES CULTURES COMPARISONS CONNECTIONS. STANDARDS FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING Preparing for the 21st Century
COMMUNICATION COMMUNITIES CULTURES COMPARISONS CONNECTIONS STANDARDS FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING Preparing for the 21st Century Language and communication are at the heart of the human experience. The
More informationEA 597 School Planning and Facilities Management (3)
EA 581 Basic Concepts of Educational Administration (3) An introduction to the basic concepts underlying school building administration. The theory and practice of educational administration is analyzed
More informationACTION RESEARCH INTO E-LEARNING CURICULUM DEVELOPMENT FOR LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN TAIWAN
ACTION RESEARCH INTO E-LEARNING CURICULUM DEVELOPMENT FOR LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE IN TAIWAN MEI-LING WANG Professor, Graduate Institute of Library, Information and Archival Studies National Cheng-Chi
More informationTHE DEGREE QUALIFICATIONS PROFILE: A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING GENERAL EDUCATION
THE DEGREE QUALIFICATIONS PROFILE: A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING GENERAL EDUCATION Natasha Jankowski and Pat Hutchings, NILOA Stefani Dawn, Oregon State University Laurie Dodge, Brandman University AAC&U General
More informationPreparation for Teaching in Catholic Schools
PREPARATION FOR TEACHING IN CATHOLIC SCHOOLS Preparation for Teaching in Catholic Schools (Initial Teacher Education Course) 2012 1. Introduction 1 The Institute for Catholic Education periodically updates
More informationCHAPTER 4 RESULTS. four research questions. The first section demonstrates the effects of the strategy
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS This chapter presents the statistical analysis of the collected data based on the four research questions. The first section demonstrates the effects of the strategy instruction on the
More informationAmerican Literature, Quarter 1, Unit 2 of 3 The Puritan Tradition and The Crucible. Overview. (1 day = 50-55 minutes)
American Literature, Quarter 1, Unit 2 of 3 The Puritan Tradition and The Crucible Overall days: 16 (1 day = 50-55 minutes) Overview Purpose This unit will focus on the beliefs of early American Puritans
More informationGENERAL EDUCATION REQUIREMENTS
GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULAR CHANGES The General Education program is described in detail below. This chapter lists the General Education Requirements (GER) for students and the definitions of Knowledge
More informationPosition Statement on English Language Arts Education Connecticut State Board of Education December 3, 2008
Position Statement on English Language Arts Education Connecticut State Board of Education December 3, 2008 The Connecticut State Board of Education believes a high-quality, comprehensive prekindergarten-12
More informationSOCIAL WORK PROGRAM ASSESSMENT REPORT 6-17-11
SOCIAL WORK PROGRAM ASSESSMENT REPORT 6-17-11 Review of Program Objectives #9, #11, #12, & #13 The primary mission of the Viterbo University Social Work Program is to prepare students for bachelor level
More informationKey words related to the foci of the paper: master s degree, essay, admission exam, graders
Assessment on the basis of essay writing in the admission to the master s degree in the Republic of Azerbaijan Natig Aliyev Mahabbat Akbarli Javanshir Orujov The State Students Admission Commission (SSAC),
More informationThe Alignment of Common Core and ACT s College and Career Readiness System. June 2010
The Alignment of Common Core and ACT s College and Career Readiness System June 2010 ACT is an independent, not-for-profit organization that provides assessment, research, information, and program management
More informationFirst Survey on Junior High School Students Values and Financial Behaviors and Teens Financial Summer Camp Announced
[Citi Foundation - Women s Rescue Foundation United News Release] June 19, 2008 First Survey on Junior High School Students Values and Financial Behaviors and Teens Financial Summer Camp Announced The
More informationThrough the master of arts degree in education and the
Department of Education/Special Education Education (MA) Education/Teaching (MAT) Through the master of arts degree in education and the master of arts in teaching degree, extends its tradition of excellence
More informationSECONDARY EDUCATION. College of Education and Public Policy Bachelor of Science in Education (B.S. Ed.) with Initial Teacher Licensure.
SECONDARY EDUCATION College of Education and Public Policy Bachelor of Science in Education (B.S. Ed.) with Initial Teacher Licensure and College of Arts and Sciences Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) / Bachelor
More information1. Candidates understand the theoretical and evidence-based foundations of reading and writing processes and instruction as follows:
Effective June 15, 2016 505-3-.96 READING ENDORSEMENT PROGRAM (1) Purpose. This rule states field-specific content standards for approving endorsement programs that prepare individuals to teach reading
More informationThe Design Study of High-Quality Resource Shared Classes in China: A Case Study of the Abnormal Psychology Course
The Design Study of High-Quality Resource Shared Classes in China: A Case Study of the Abnormal Psychology Course Juan WANG College of Educational Science, JiangSu Normal University, Jiangsu, Xuzhou, China
More informationNovice Experienced Expert a. Understands the importance of ABE, ASE, and ESOL at the personal and program level. X X X
Complete Draft 1 through 5 Rhode Island Adult Education Practitioner Standards for Instructors 9-12-12 Definitions: Expert Teachers Expert teachers have the capacity to teach from the heart as well as
More informationCurriculum Development for Doctoral Studies in Education
Curriculum Development for Doctoral Studies in Education Irine BAKHTADZE * Abstract Profound changes in high education which started in 1996 in Georgia have to be continued. We have to explore potentially
More informationChanges in educational and economic environment require continuing academic curriculum development
Changes in educational and economic environment require continuing academic curriculum development Annika Mauno 1 Department of Forest Products Technology, Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 6400,
More informationCHALLENGES OF NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS WITH READING AND WRITING IN COMPOSITION 101 CLASSES. Abstract
1 CHALLENGES OF NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS WITH READING AND WRITING IN COMPOSITION 101 CLASSES Abstract It is a fact that many non-native international students, who want to pursue their education in US universities,
More informationA Pilot Study of Some ROCMA Cadets Difficulties in English Speaking
WHAMPOA - An Interdisciplinary Journal 57(2009) 119-126 119 A Pilot Study of Some ROCMA Cadets Difficulties in English Speaking Wain-Chin Dana Chen 1 1 Department of Foreign Languages, ROC Military Academy
More informationSomerset Virtual Academy COURSE CATALOG 2015-2016
Somerset Virtual Academy COURSE CATALOG 2015-2016 Somerset Virtual Academy provides the following services and benefits to its students: ACCESS: Full access to an extremely diverse, fully-accredited course
More informationMaster of Arts. Program in English
Master of Arts Program in English Indiana University East Department of English Program Contact: Edwina Helton, Director of Graduate Programs in English edhelton@iue.edu Master of Arts in English The Master
More informationM.S. in Curriculum and Instruction 31-36 credit hours
M.S. in Curriculum and Instruction 31-36 credit hours College of Education Kansas State University Preparing Educators to Be Knowledgeable, Ethical, Caring Decision Makers in a Diverse World The Mission
More informationMaster of Science in Early Childhood Education Singapore, 2004 2005
Master of Science in Early Childhood Education Singapore, 2004 2005 Sponsored by Wheelock College s Center for International Education, Leadership, and Innovation and RTRC Asia in Singapore Background
More informationHow To Teach Foreign Language To Non English Majors
The Content-Based English Teaching for The Development of Graduate Students Communicative Competence Liu Xiaodan Harbin Institute of Technology (R. of China) liuxiodan1104@sina.com Abstract It is well
More informationNW COLORADO BOCES ALTERNATIVE LICENSURE PROGRAM
NW COLORADO BOCES ALTERNATIVE LICENSURE PROGRAM 1 *For specific online course requirements, please refer to the attached course handout entitled Comprehensive Online Teacher Induction Program and Alternative
More informationCopyright 2013 CTB/McGraw-Hill LLC. 1
TerraNova, Third Edition Science and Social Studies Joan Buzick DRC/CTB Assessment Consultant Organizing for Assessment Success Today s Webinar Objectives Why test Science and Social Studies with TerraNova3
More informationASU College of Education Course Syllabus ED 4972, ED 4973, ED 4974, ED 4975 or EDG 5660 Clinical Teaching
ASU College of Education Course Syllabus ED 4972, ED 4973, ED 4974, ED 4975 or EDG 5660 Clinical Teaching Course: ED 4972, ED 4973, ED 4974, ED 4975 or EDG 5660 Credit: 9 Semester Credit Hours (Undergraduate),
More informationCommon Core Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects
A Correlation of Miller & Levine Biology To the Common Core Standards for Literacy in Science and Technical Subjects INTRODUCTION This document demonstrates how meets the Common Core Standards for Literacy
More informationCultivation of Female Vocational College Students Professionalism
Cultivation of Female Vocational College Students Professionalism FENG Duan Sichuan Business Vocational College, 610091 fduanduan@126.com Abstract: With the development of social, women gradually increase
More informationFrequently Asked Questions about SOHA Graduate Comps As of August 2013
Frequently Asked Questions about SOHA Graduate Comps As of August 2013 1) What is the comprehensive exam? The comprehensive exam is one of several integrative experiences that occurs in the last long semester
More informationMiddle School Physical Science Curriculum Guide
Middle School Physical Science Curriculum Guide Contents General Course Information... 2 Instructor Orientation... 2 Core Instruction... 2 Supplemental Instruction... 2 Complementary Instruction... 2 Types
More informationCollege of Education. Curriculum and Instruction
317 INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA. (1) An introductory instructional media experience including basic production and utilization techniques for media materials and operation of commonly used educational
More information. P S Y C H O L O G Y.
. P S Y C H O L O G Y. MASTER OF ARTS DEGREE PROGRAMS IN PSYCHOLOGY As a special-purpose institution of higher education for urban programming, Texas Southern University embraces the concept of liberal
More informationUniversity of Delaware Health and Physical Education Major Information Package
University of Delaware Health and Physical Education Major Information Package Are You Considering a Career as a Health and Physical Education Teacher? If you re thinking about a career as a health and
More informationBachelor Programme (B.Mus.) Audio and Music Production. Overview: Fields of Study, Modules and Course Units
Bachelor Programme (B.Mus.) Audio and Music Production Overview: Fields of Study, Modules and Course Units The curriculum of the Audio and Music Production programme is divided into 13 fields of study,
More informationAC 2010-424: A STUDY OF PROJECT-BASED STEM LEARNING IN TAIWAN
AC 2010-424: A STUDY OF PROJECT-BASED STEM LEARNING IN TAIWAN Shi-Jer Lou, National PingTung University of Science and Techno Shun-Yuan Chuang, National Kaohsiung Normal University Hsiang-jen Meng, National
More informationLANGUAGE, HUMANITIES & EDUCATION
57 DIVISION OF LANGUAGE, HUMANITIES & EDUCATION The Division of Language and Education, located in Mitchell Hall, offers associate degrees (AA) that prepare graduates for transfer as juniors into bachelor
More informationAn Introduction to Cambridge International Examinations Board Examination System. Sherry Reach Regional Manager, Americas
An Introduction to Cambridge International Examinations Board Examination System Sherry Reach Regional Manager, Americas Cambridge Assessment A department of the University of Cambridge We are Europe s
More informationDepartment of Chemistry University of Colorado Denver Outcomes Assessment Plan. Department Overview:
Department of Chemistry University of Colorado Denver Outcomes Assessment Plan Department Overview: The Department of Chemistry offers both the B.S. and M.S. degrees in chemistry. Students at the B.S.
More informationGUIDELINES FOR THE IEP TEAM DATA COLLECTION &
GUIDELINES FOR THE IEP TEAM DATA COLLECTION & Progress Monitoring Decisions about the effectiveness of an intervention must be based on data, not guesswork. Frequent, repeated measures of progress toward
More informationCalifornia State University, Stanislaus PROGAM ASSESSMENT ANNUAL UPDATE
California State University, Stanislaus PROGAM ASSESSMENT ANNUAL UPDATE PROGRAM NAME: Philosophy COLLEGE YEAR: 2008-2009 PLAN OVERVIEW: 1: Direct assessment of learning objective contextual knowledge of
More information3.14 UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE REQUIREMENTS 3.14.1 Purpose This policy statement establishes guidelines, criteria, and standards for use by State System
3.14 UNDERGRADUATE DEGREE REQUIREMENTS 3.14.1 Purpose This policy statement establishes guidelines, criteria, and standards for use by State System institutions in developing degree programs for which
More informationCREATIVE WRITING AT INDIANA STATE UNIVERSITY 2015 INTRODUCTION APPENDIX
CREATIVE WRITING AT INDIANA STATE UNIVERSITY 2015 INTRODUCTION Introduction........................................................... 2 The Creative Writing Committee........................................
More informationROSALYN H. ZIGMOND, Ph.D. RosalynZigmond.com
ROSALYN H. ZIGMOND, Ph.D. RosalynZigmond.com 7485 East Kenyon Avenue Denver, Colorado 80237 Cell: 303.489.1410, Home: 303.757.4173 Rosalyn.Zigmond@Colorado.edu RosalynZigmond@yahoo.com Experience 8/05-present:
More informationImplementing Information Technology Learning Approaches into a Degree Completion Program
Implementing Information Technology Learning Approaches into a Degree Completion Program Breck A. Harris, Ph.D., School of Professional Studies, Fresno Pacific University This article will report the process
More informationThe Early Childhood Portfolio Requirement For the Early Childhood Education Major at Granite State College
The Early Childhood Portfolio Requirement For the Early Childhood Education Major at Granite State College This Portfolio requirement applies to the B.S. in ECE without Teacher Certification. This program
More informationÆ Please note that we are continuing to make adjustments to our program to
Degree/Certificate: Bachelor of Arts in Education Major/Option: Mathematics/Elementary and Middle Level Mathematics Endorsement Option Submitted by: Mathematics Education Committee Date: November 1, 2013
More informationUniversity of Kentucky 2004-2005 Undergraduate Bulletin 1
317 INTRODUCTION TO INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA. (1) An introductory instructional media experience including basic production and utilization techniques for media materials and operation of commonly used educational
More informationTechnology Integration Learning Plan: Fostering Authentic Writing through Blogging in the Classroom
Technology Integration Learning Plan: Fostering Authentic Writing through Blogging in the Classroom I. Overview: This unit will address students understanding, performance, and achievement in literacy
More informationCurriculum for the Master s Programme in Operations and Innovation Management (cand.scient.techn.)
The Faculty of Engineering and Science The Study Board of Industry and Global Business Development Curriculum for the Master s Programme in Operations and Innovation Management Curriculum for the Master
More informationFOCUS IMPROVING THE TRANSITION OF ANCHORAGE PARK STUDENTS TO INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL. Lynne Keohane Anchorage Park School Pakuranga Auckland
FOCUS IMPROVING THE TRANSITION OF ANCHORAGE PARK STUDENTS TO INTERMEDIATE SCHOOL Lynne Keohane Anchorage Park School Pakuranga Auckland Sabbatical Report Term 3 2006 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: I would like to thank
More informationGeneral Guidelines of Grade 1-9 Curriculum of Elementary and Junior High School Education.
General Guidelines of Grade 1-9 Curriculum of Elementary and Junior High School. 1 Grade 1-9 Curriculum Guidelines 1 Preface In keeping with the 21st century and the global trends of educational reform,
More informationAcademic Program: BA Humanities/History Date: October 2011
Academic Program Review Report Academic Program: BA Humanities/History Date: October 2011 Program Overview: The UHV B. A. in Humanities with a history concentration includes 18 hours of upper division
More informationChapter 1: Goals and principles of the guidelines, and ideal images of evaluators to be educated
Program Evaluation Education Guidelines (Tentative) to cultivate competent advanced social workers as evaluators and/or researchers at graduate schools of social work [Scope of the guidelines] Professors
More informationEnhancing Technology College Students English Listening Comprehension by Listening Journals
Enhancing Technology College Students English Listening Comprehension by Listening Journals Jung-chuan Chen* Department of Applied Foreign Languages, Nanya Institute of Technology Chung-Li, Taiwan, 32034
More informationSelf-Reflection Teaching. Susan M. Blunck, Ph.D. Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Education UMBC
Self-Reflection Teaching Susan M. Blunck, Ph.D. Assistant Clinical Professor Department of Education UMBC 2 Self Reflection Teaching Effective teaching is not about what we give or do to our students.
More informationIHE Master's Performance Report
IHE Master's Performance Report Greensboro College 2009-2010 Overview of Master's Program Greensboro College began offering courses toward the Master of Education degree in Elementary Education and Special
More informationEarly Childhood. Education
Early Childhood Page 1 Education Program Assessment System effective August 26, 2013 Revised January 7, 2014 I. Greetings to Students Welcome to the Early Childhood Education teacher preparation program
More informationThere are 4,400 students enrolled in Salem Public Schools. Bentley Elementary, is currently a Level 4 school undergoing a turnaround redesign.
About the Partnership Blueprint Schools Network (Blueprint) is a nonprofit organization based in Massachusetts. Our work with schools around the country has shown that positive change is possible when
More informationGraduate Studies & Continuing Education - Valparaiso University
MASTER OF ARTS IN ENGLISH STUDIES & COMMUNICATION Program Description The Master of Arts in English Studies and Communication is a 37 credit program for international and U.S. students wanting to develop
More informationSPECIAL MUSIC SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL E-Mail: SMSHighSchool@kaufman-center.org Website: http://kaufman-center.org/sms/sms-high-school Phone: 212 501 3395
SPECIAL MUSIC SCHOOL HIGH SCHOOL E-Mail: SMSHighSchool@kaufman-center.org Website: http://kaufman-center.org/sms/sms-high-school Phone: 212 501 3395 Graduation Requirements SUBJECT REQUIRED COURSES CREDITS
More informationAssurance of Learning Assessment Process
Assurance of Learning Assessment Process (AACSB Assurance of Learning Standards: An Interpretation, Accessed 12/01/2011, )
More informationCurriculum. for the Master s Degree Program in MEDIA AND CONVERGENCE MANAGEMENT
Curriculum for the Master s Degree Program in MEDIA AND CONVERGENCE MANAGEMENT Entry into effect: 1.10.2013 Curriculum for the Master s degree program in MEDIA AND CONVERGENCE MANAGEMENT Content 1 General...
More informationGLOBAL-READY TEACHER COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK: STANDARDS AND INDICATORS
GLOBAL-READY TEACHER COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK: STANDARDS AND INDICATORS GLOBAL-READY TEACHER COMPETENCY FRAMEWORK All learners whether adult or child acquire the attitudes, skills and knowledge needed for
More informationE-Commerce Digital Learning by Commercial Vocational Students in Taiwan
E-Commerce Digital Learning by Commercial Vocational Students in Taiwan Ching-San Lai, Professor, Department of Science Education, National Taipei University of Education, Taiwan ABSTRACT The study investigates
More informationINTERNATIONAL MASTER PROGRAM IN EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND POLICY (COMPARATIVE EDUCATION)
INTERNATIONAL MASTER PROGRAM IN EDUCATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND POLICY (COMPARATIVE EDUCATION) The Institute of international and comparative education Beijing Normal University in collaboration with the Institute
More informationThe Cambridge Program. For Board Examination System Schools
The Cambridge Program For Board Examination System Schools BES Lower Division BES Upper Division We are part of the University of Cambridge We are the world s largest provider of international education
More informationA STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK-AIDED REMEDIAL TEACHING ON STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES AT THE OPTICS UNIT
A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOK-AIDED REMEDIAL TEACHING ON STUDENTS LEARNING OUTCOMES AT THE OPTICS UNIT Chen-Feng Wu, Pin-Chang Chen and Shu-Fen Tzeng Department of Information Management,
More informationB.A. in Education Specialization: Early Childhood Education (P-3) Student Handbook
B.A. in Education Specialization: Early Childhood Education (P-3) Student Handbook Rowan University College of Education Teacher Education Department 1 Table of Contents Program Description 3 ECED Program
More informationBest Practices in Teaching Writing Charles Whitaker, Ph.D.
Best Practices in Teaching Writing Charles Whitaker, Ph.D. Following is a list of selected teaching practices that are well recognized in the profession as being effective in helping students develop as
More informationCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND BRAILLE LITERACY TO EDUCATE STUDENTS HAVING VISUAL IMPAIRMENT
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND BRAILLE LITERACY TO EDUCATE STUDENTS HAVING VISUAL IMPAIRMENT Ismat Bano PhD. Scholar, University of Education Lahore Syed Abir Hassan Naqvi Lecturer, IER,
More informationDiscussion on Outstanding Engineers Training Program for Information Security Major in China
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com IERI Procedia 2 (2012 ) 868 872 2012 International Conference on Future Computer Supported Education Discussion on Outstanding Engineers Training Program for Information
More informationCALIFORNIA S TEACHING PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS (TPE)
CALIFORNIA S TEACHING PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS (TPE) The Teaching Performance Expectations describe the set of knowledge, skills, and abilities that California expects of each candidate for a Multiple
More informationHealth Science Education II, August 2013, Page 1 of 5
Indiana Department of Education Indiana Academic Course Framework HEALTH SCIENCE EDUCATION II Health Science Education II is an extended laboratory experience at the student's choice of clinical site designed
More informationJennifer Durham, Ph.D.
Jennifer Durham, Ph.D. 2318 North Quantico Street Arlington, VA 22205 703.869.2140 durhams@mac.com EDUCATION Ph.D. Education 2010 George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia Major: Special Education, Minor:
More informationConstruction and Implementation of Innovation Computer Network Practical Teaching System
I.J. Education and Management Engineering 2011, 2, 30-35 Published Online August 2011 in MECS (http://www.mecs-press.net) DOI: 10.5815/ijeme.2011.02.05 Available online at http://www.mecs-press.net/ijeme
More informationAction Research Project Design Document
Santa Clara University Department of Education EDUC 369: Action Research Winter 2009 Action Research Project Design Document Information Packet By Joe Chee Action research is an approach to scholarly inquiry
More informationBalanced Literacy in Seattle Public Schools
Introduction Balanced Literacy in Seattle Public Schools The goal for literacy instruction in Seattle Public Schools is to ensure that all pre- Kindergarten through twelfth grade students become proficient
More informationAssessment Plan PhD in English & Comparative Literature, University of Cincinnati
Assessment Plan PhD in English & Comparative Literature, University of Cincinnati March 2015 Program Overview: Graduate studies in English at the University of Cincinnati began in 1906, and by 1913, the
More informationCURRIRULUM VITAE Shu-Fei Tsai, Ph. D., BCBA Email: sftsai@ku.edu
TSAI CV 1 PRESENT POSITION Postdoctoral Research Fellow University of Kansas Juniper Gardens Children s Project Kansas City, KS 66101 CURRIRULUM VITAE Shu-Fei Tsai, Ph. D., BCBA Email: sftsai@ku.edu EDUCATION
More informationMASTER OF EDUCATION IN INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY Student Handbook
MASTER OF EDUCATION IN INSTRUCTIONAL TECHNOLOGY Student Handbook Overview The Graduate School Department of Education Online Student Handbook is intended to serve as a general guide for current and prospective
More informationINTERNATIONAL MA PROGRAM IN COMPARATIVE EDUCATION
INTERNATIONAL MA PROGRAM IN COMPARATIVE EDUCATION The International and Comparative Education Research Institute Beijing Normal University in collaboration with the Institute of International Education,
More informationBachelor of Science in Early Childhood Education Singapore, 2005 2007
Bachelor of Science in Early Childhood Education Singapore, 2005 2007 Offered by RTRC Asia in Collaboration with Wheelock College s Center for International Education, Leadership, and Innovation Background
More informationNC TEACHER EVALUATION PROCESS SAMPLE EVIDENCES AND ARTIFACTS
STANDARD I: ELEMENT A: Teachers demonstrate leadership Teachers lead in their classroom Developing Has assessment data available and refers to it to understand the skills and abilities of students Accesses
More informationWarrant: The part of the arguments that sets up a logical connection between the grounds and the claim. (Reason) (Scientific Method = Hypothesis)
Toulmin Method of Argumentation Critical thinking and the ability to write well are of primary importance in our Magnet Program. The heart of good writing is good thinking. Writing is not only an end in
More informationDegree Type Bachelor of Arts (BA) Degree Title English
Degree Type Bachelor of Arts (BA) Degree Title English The English degrees at the University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, which include the BA in English, MA in English, MA in English as a Second Language,
More informationMasters Comprehensive Exam and Rubric (Rev. July 17, 2014)
1 Educational Leadership & Policy Studies Masters Comprehensive Exam and Rubric (Rev. July 17, 2014) The comprehensive exam is intended as a final assessment of a student s ability to integrate important
More informationDepartment of Modern Languages
373 Department of Modern Languages Phone: (512) 245-2360 Office: Centennial Hall 214 Fax: (512) 245-8298 Web: http://www.modlang.txstate.edu/ Degree Programs Offered BA, major in French BA, major in French
More informationCourse Description. Overview of PA 414: what we hope to accomplish. Syllabus: PA 414 Fall 2012 Civic Engagement: The Role of Social Institutions
1 Syllabus: PA 414 Fall 2012 Civic Engagement: The Role of Social Institutions Contact Information Instructor name: Judith A. Ramaley Email: jramaley@pdx.edu Phone number: 703-623-8927 Contact for Molly
More informationInformation by Assessment
Information by Assessment Prepared by Pearson for submission under contract with the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards CTRC_elec_01 Contents This document is a reference guide for candidates
More informationAgricultural Economics Master s Program, National Taiwan University
Agricultural Economics Master s Program, National Taiwan University Why NTU Taipei, the capital of Taiwan, is one of the most unique cities in the Chinese speaking world. It is not only for its 400-year
More informationTHE MASTER'S DEGREE IN ENGLISH
Academic regulations for THE MASTER'S DEGREE IN ENGLISH THE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES THE UNIVERSITY OF AARHUS 2007 1 Framework conditions Title Prepared by Effective date Prescribed points Master s degree
More information