Cannabis regulation transformations. Preliminary results

Transcription

1 Cannabis regulation transformations. Preliminary results Sandro Cattacin, Anne Philibert (University of Geneva) Frank Zobel (Addiction Suisse) Plan 2/16?

2 3/16 Swiss national science foundation (financing) in collaboration with Fedpol (Suisse), Groupe Pompidou, EMCDDA, Global Commission on Drugs, International Drug Policy Consortium Idea: Explaining policy change in the field of Cannabis regulation Case studies NL, Uruguay, USA (Colorado) (and contrast cases) Why Cannabis regulation? Field than combines moral and social, political and economic dimensions supra- and international, national and local (urban) dynamics But also Surprising developments in North and South America and Public interest 4/16

3 Peter Flora: Changing constellation of Micro and Macro Factors on the level of demographics and social dynamics economic dynamics political dynamics Stein Rokkan: Path dependency strong institutions, weak humans Axel Honneth: Suffering and change 5/16 micro and macro factors, /16 Demographics and social dynamics Global: from sedentary to mobility as normality (from local uses of drugs to mobility of life styles and drugs) National: from homogenous to differences as normality (from social oppression and stigma to tolerance of differences in the use of drugs) Economic dynamics Global: from a protected, state driven to a globalised market National: from a national control to a deregulated economy (from collaboration to antagonism) Political dynamics Global: from international coordination of states (in a bipolar world) to supranational regulation (in a multipolar work) National: from national sovereignty to the return of the city

4 Path dependency Choices are related to existing institutional context, past experiences help as orientation Drug policy models, for example: liberal law tradition: more individual responsibilities social-democratic orientation: more state intervention in the field of drugs (nordic countries) 7/16 Suffering Politics and Institutions are provoked by moral challenges Heroin and the open scene" Drug user associations Cannabis medical use (San Francisco Cannabis Buyers Club) Criminalisation, Violence Mass Phenomena (quality issues) 8/16

5 ? Why and which 9/16 Interplay of Micro and Macro Changes, path dependency and moral challenges NL 1970: postmaterialism growing, heterogenous pillarized" society, national solution possible, toleration model and responsabilisation of individuals (coffee shop); technocratic model (two commissions, low level of suffering in the field of Cannabis). NL1990: model is stable and hard to change; economic and social reality. Suffering from cities near the french border creates adaptations.? Why and which Interplay of Micro and Macro Changes, path dependency and moral challenges USA-Colorado: San Francisco experiences (medical Cannabis, proposition 19, economic and legal consequences); cannabis and suffering related; national level weak(er), life styles pluralism, liberal solution, amendement 64 vote. 10/16

6 ? Why and which Interplay of Micro and Macro Changes, path dependency and moral challenges Uruguay: democratic dynamic since 1985 and willingness to be progressive, strong state and police control, suffering from violence, strong civil society coalition ( Regulación Responsable ), political opportunity for left wing parties to use the topic to win election (electoral commitment, like in Canada), solution: state control 11/16 (in two years ) Micro and macro dynamics Economic globalisation Economic interests on regulation Regions, Cities and civil society Supranational coordination Micro Macro Pluralisation of life styles Social and demographic dynamics 12/16

7 (in two years ) Path dependency Economic oriented Colorado State oriented Uruguay Netherlands Society oriented 13/16 (in two years ) Suffering Economic freedom (production) Colorado Medical use regulation by the State Uruguay Netherlands Violence, Quality, Identity and life style use 14/16

8 15/16 Finishing of the US case study Work on coalitions (Mayntz/Scharpf), transnationalism/epistemic communities (Majone) and discourse (Muller/Jobert) First article based on this presentation in preparation Publication end of the month of an overview study on studies concerning the harmfulness of drugs (in german and french). Preparing an initiative of Swiss cities concerning Groupe experimentations Pompidou with Cannabis Publications Chimienti, Milena, Sandro Cattacin and Mélanie Pétrémont (2010). Des organisations impossibles? Vulnérabilités et citoyennetés urbaines une comparative. Genève, Londres: Université de Genève, City University London. Cattacin, Sandro and Patricia Naegeli (2014). "Migration and vulnerability in European Cities", in Ranci, Costanzo (ed.). Unique Cities. Vulnerability in European Cities. Houndmills, Basikstoke, Hapmshire, N.Y: Palgrave Macmillan, p Cattacin, Sandro and Barbara Lucas (1999). "Autorégulation, intervention étatique, mise en réseau. Les transformations de l Etat social en Europe : les cas du VIH/sida, de l abus d alcool et des drogues illégales." Revue française de science politique 49(3): Cattacin, Sandro (2012). "Spielräume und Regulierungen in einer berauschenden Gesellschaft", in EKDF, Eidgenössische Kommission für Drogenfragen (ed.). Drogenpolitik als Gesellschaftspolitik. Ein Rückblick auf dreissig Jahre Schweizer Drogenpolitik. Zürich; Genève: Seismo Verlag, p Cattacin, Sandro and Dagmar Domenig (2014). "Healthcare and Social Services in the Face of Complex and Plural Identities." Intersectionalities: A Global Journal of Social Work Analysis,, Polity, and Practice 3: Morel, Géraldine, Anne Philibert and Sandro Cattacin (éd) (2015 forthcoming). Addictions et société Voyage au pays des ombres. Genève : Université de Genève (Sociograph - Sociological Studies). Brandsen, Taco, Sandro Cattacin, Adalbert Evers and Annette Zimmer (eds) (2015 forthcoming). Social Innovations in the Urban Context. N.Y.: Springer. Domenig, Dagmar, Sandro Cattacin (2015 forthcoming) Les drogues sont-elles dangereuses? Estimations de la dangerosité des substances psychoactives. Recherche réalisée à la demande de la Commission fédérale pour les questions liées aux drogues. Genève : Université de Genève (Sociograph - Sociological Studies, 22b) - in german: Sind Drogen gefährlich? Pignolo, Loïc (2015 forthcoming), «C est pas un boulot, c est du business». Genève : Université de Genève (Sociograph - Sociological Studies) 16/16