New approaches in financing infrastructure

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Gilbert McBride
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1 MINISTRY OF FINANCE THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA New approaches in financing infrastructure Presented by: Robert Pakpahan Director General of Financing and Risk Management, Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia at the Asia Pacific High Level Consultation on Financing for Development Jakarta, April

and Risk Management, Ministry of Finance, Republic of Indonesia at the Asia

2 Outline Development in infrastructure financing policies New financing policies for infrastructure Improving PPP arrangement Enhancing financial capacity of SOEs Introducing fiscal incentives Other policy measures Conclusion 2

arrangement Enhancing financial capacity of SOEs

3 New Click development to edit in infrastructure Master title financing stylepolicies The new Indonesian administration has put public infrastructure development as one of its highest priorities. As explicitly stated in Nawa Cita (point 6) Driven by increasing economic activity and more demand for better quality and reliability The role of private sector remains very important both in terms of funding and expertise (or even getting more important). Private sector can be expected to bring additional funding as well as better efficiency and quality Encouraging private involvement can be carried out through many ways: Improving PPP arrangement Empowering SOEs Providing fiscal incentives However, the fiscal discipline and risk management of state finance are also improved to maintain fiscal sustainability. 3

of funding and expertise (or even getting more important).

4 New financing policies for infrastructure 1. Improving PPP arrangement a. Viability Gap Fund (VGF) facility b. Availability Payment mechanism c. Establishment of PPP unit in the MoF 2. Enhancing the financial capacity of SOEs a. Guarantees for direct lending b. Government guarantees for SOEs project c. New mandates for Guarantee Fund and Infrastructure Fund 3. Tax and duty incentives a. Import duty facilities b. Income tax facilities c. VAT facilities 4

Enhancing the financial capacity of SOEs a. Guarantees for direct lending b.

5 Improving PPP arrangement (1) 1. Introduction of Viability Gap Fund (VGF) instrument VGF is the government fiscal policy to support the infrastructure provision through the PPP scheme Objectives of VGF (MOF Regulation Number 223/2012 ): 1. To increase the financial viability of the project; 2. To increase certainty of infrastructure project provision in accordance to the designed quality and timing; and 3. To enhance the public services provision through the infrastructure with affordable tariff. Principles of VGF 1. VGF is allocated by the Government through State Budget mechanism, considering: state budget ability, fiscal sustainability, and fiscal risk management; 2. VGF will be provided only when there is no other practical alternative to make the project become viable 5

223/2012 ): 1. To increase the financial viability of the project; 2. To increase certainty of infrastructure project provision in accordance to the designed quality and timing; and 3.

6 Improving PPP arrangement (2) 2. Formulation of Availability Payment Mechanism Availability Payment (AP) can be seen as one source of return for private investment in the form of payment for the availability of services in PPP scheme. AP can be expected to increase the interest of private sector to involve in providing public infrastructure. APcoversCapex,Opexandreturnoninvestment.APdoesnotcover promotion cost or service revenue management cost. AP is paid by the contracting agencies during the operation. No payment can be made during construction. The payment is based on objective and measurable agreed performance targets AP is not directly related to tariffs. User charges are collected to government account (directly or through pooling fund). 6

in PPP scheme. AP can be expected to increase the interest of private sector to involve in providing public infrastructure. APcoversCapex,Opexandreturnoninvestment.

7 Improving PPP arrangement (3) 3. Establishment of PPP unit in the MoF A PPP unit is set up under the MoF to become the champion for project preparation and enabling environment to accelerate the PPP Agenda Core mandates: Improve quality of project selection under KKPPI OBC criteria Support the Project Preparation through PDF support by using high quality Transaction Advisors Act on behalf Minister of Finance in providing Govt support approvals for projects in particular stages in bidding process. Monitor contract implementation for VGF coordinate all public finance instruments so project has a single financing/ guarantee support package from VGF, IIGF, SMI, PIP. Additional mandates: Provide Input for PPP Policy Devt. and Regulations Implement capacity building program to GCA One stop shop for PPP promotion & Information 7

quality of project selection under KKPPI OBC criteria Support the Project Preparation through PDF support by using high quality Transaction Advisors Act on behalf Minister of Finance in providing

8 Enhancing the financial capacity of SOEs (1) 1. Guarantees for direct Lending to SOE GoI has committed to accelerate infrastructure development and stipulated this agenda as a national priority development agenda in To enable this agenda, GoI support direct financing from International Financial Institutions (IFIs) to SOE. This strategy has been considered to speed up the decision making process and it relatively has lower risk than SLA mechanism because the lender could directly scrutinize the SOE s disbursement planning. GoI through MoF will provide guarantee for SOE with some certain eligible criteria. 8

development agenda in 2015 2019. To enable this agenda, GoI support direct financing from International Financial Institutions (IFIs) to SOE.

9 Enhancing the financial capacity of SOEs (2) 2. Guarantees for SOEs projects Hutama Karya (HK) is assigned by the government to develop the Trans Sumatera project. HK will transform itself from Construction SOE into BUJT (Badan Usaha Jalan Tol). HK will then transfer all its existing assets to its subsidiary HK Konstruksi. On financing strategy, HK will leverage the equity injection by GoI through PMN. In addition, HK is expected in utilizing cheap funding sources that is eligible backed up by GoI guarantee and bringing equity partners to share the risks. 9

HK will transform itself from Construction SOE into BUJT (Badan Usaha Jalan Tol).

10 Enhancing the financial capacity of SOEs (3) 3. Extending the mandates given to PT. SMI and PT. PII The government is in the process of transferring the fund managed by PIP (Government Investment Unit) to PT. SMI, including those provided for Geothermal Facility (FDG) and loan to PT. PLN. It is expected that the management of those facilities by PT. SMI will enhance the leverage of the fund and ensure more sustainability and accountability. Additionally, the government is also contemplating to extend the mandates given to PT. PII to guarantee projects and programs outside the scope of PPP scheme. 10

SMI, including those provided for Geothermal Facility (FDG) and loan to PT. PLN. It is expected that the management of those facilities by PT.

11 Introducing fiscal incentives Import duty facilities a. Import Duty exemption on machinery and goods and materials b. Import Duty exemption on Capital Goods in developing Power Generation Industry for Public. Income tax facilities a. Reductions of net income by 30%; b. Acceleration of depreciation and amortization; c. Income Tax on dividends paid to foreigners equals to 10%; d. Compensation for losses of more than 5 (five) years, but less than 10 (ten) years; e. Collection of Income Tax on goods in the form of machinery and equipment is exempted. VAT facilities Exemption from VAT on importation of taxable goods which are strategic, eligible for machinery and equipment. 11

Acceleration of depreciation and amortization; c. Income Tax on dividends paid to foreigners equals to 10%; d.

12 Other policies (1) While the government is continuously refining and improving policies of infrastructure financing, some other existing policies are maintained. Guarantees for First Fast Track Program MW Currently 34 guarantees with amount Rp billion and USD have been issued Guarantees for Water Provision Acceleration Program Currently 5 guarantees have been issued with total amount of Rp 205 billion The government is also actively involved in international and regional cooperation and organisations that give attention to financing infrastructure development, including the ASEAN Infrastructure Fund (AIF) and the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB). 12

959 have been issued Guarantees for Water Provision Acceleration Program Currently 5 guarantees have been issued with total amount of Rp 205 billion The government is also

13 Other policies (2) As guarantees and other forms of infrastructure financing may have significant impacts on fiscal sustainability, the government also constantly improves the risk management frameworks and policies. Ministry of Finance is currently developing new frameworks on managing sovereign risks by adopting more holistic approach using Balance Sheet Approach and incorporating intergenerational perspectives. 13

14 Conclusion The government is continuously improving the policies of infrastructure financing to respond the current development of the financial market as well as the dynamics of global economy. On the other hand, it is also important to consider the contexts of the Indonesian infrastructure development, in which roles of SOEs have been widely acknowledged. 14

15 Thank You DIRECTORAT GENERAL OF FINANCING AND RISK MANAGEMENT MINISTRY OF FINANCE, GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA Frans Seda building Dr. Wahidin 1, Jakarta

PPP POLICY AND REGULATION IN INDONESIA

MINISTRY OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING / NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLANNING AGENCY (BAPPENAS) PPP POLICY AND REGULATION IN INDONESIA Dr. Ir. BASTARY PANDJI INDRA, MSP DIRECTOR FOR PPP DEVELOPMENT 8 FEBRUARI