Courses that Require this Course as a Prerequisite: None.

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1 ENGR (ASTR) 4190/6190 Planetary Atmospheres, Dynamics, and Magnetospheres The University of Georgia Fall Semester 2012 Professor: David Emory Stooksbury Office: 603 Driftmier Engineering Center Phone: ( on campus) E- mail: UGA Bulletin Course Description The composition and structure of planetary atmospheres; heating and energy transport; atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics; orbital dynamics of planets; magnetospheres; and extrasolar planets. Credits: 3 hours. Weekly Class Meeting Pattern: Tu/Th lecture (2:00 3:15 pm) and Wednesday observing/discussion session (7:55 9:50 pm) weekly. Because labs are at the mercy of the weather, we will have to remain flexible. Cloudy nights are built into the schedule. We also have to be flexible since the planets do not follow the academic calendar. Level: Undergraduate/Graduate Undergraduate Prerequisite: (MATH 2500 or MATH 2700) and (PHYS L or PHYS L) Undergraduate Prerequisite or Corequisite: None Courses that Require this Course as a Prerequisite: None. Texts: Planetary Sciences, 2 nd ed. Imke de Pater and Jack J. Lissauer Cambridge University Press. The Copernican Revolution: Planetary Astronomy in the Development of Western Thought. Thomas S. Kuhn Harvard University Press.

2 Topical Outline Week 1: August Introduction to the Planets de Pater and Lissauer: Chapter 1, pp Kuhn s Preface and Forward, pp. VII - XVIII Homework Problems: 1.2, 1.3, and1.4 Kuhn Discussion: None this week Observing Session: Taking CCD images Topic Introduction to the course PART I: ORBITAL DYNAMICS Week 2: August Newton s Laws of Motion Review the chapters in your introductory physics book covering Newton s laws and their applications in rectilinear and two- dimensions with special attention given to uniform circular motion. Kuhn s Chapter 1: The Ancient Two- Sphere Universe, pp Homework Problems: 1.5 and 1.6 Kuhn Discussion: Preface and Forward Observing Session: Mars and Jupiter Classical Mechanics Space and Time Mass and Force Newton s First and Second Laws; Inertial Frames The Third Law and the Conservation of Momentum Newton s Second Law in Cartesian Coordinates Two- dimensional Polar Coordinates

3 Week 3: August Momentum and Angular Momentum Review the chapters in your introductory physics book covering momentum and angular momentum with special emphasis on the conservation of momentum Kuhn s Chapter 2: The Problem of the Planets, pp Homework Problems: Handout problems, Classical Mechanics I Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 1: The Ancient Two- Sphere Universe, pp Observing Session: Mars and Jupiter Conservation of Momentum Rockets The Center of Mass Angular Momentum for a Single Particle Angular Momentum for Several Particles Week 4: September 3-7 Energy Monday 3 September is Labor Day Review the chapters in your introductory physics book covering kinetic energy, potential energy (with special emphasis on potential energy being a function of location), and the conservation of energy. Kuhn s Chapter 3: The Two- Sphere Universe in Aristotelian Thought, pp Homework Problems: Handout problems, Classical Mechanics II Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 2: The Problem of the Planets, pp Observing Session: The Moon Kinetic Energy and Work Potential Energy and Conservative Forces Forces as the Gradient of Potential Energy

4 The Second Condition for Force to be Conservative Time- Dependent Potential Energy Energy for Linear One- Dimensional Systems Curvilinear One- Dimensional Systems Central Forces Energy of Interaction of Two Particles Energy of a Multiparticle System Week 5: September Kepler s Laws de Pater and Lissauer pp Kuhn s Chapter 4: Recasting the Tradition: Aristotle to Copernicus, pp Homework Problems: Handout problems, Classical Mechanics III Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 3: The Two- Sphere Universe in Aristotelian Thought, pp Observing Session: The Moon Kepler s Laws Center of Mass and Relative Coordinates; Reduced Mass The Equations of Motion The Equivalent One- Dimensional Problem The Equation of the Orbit The Bounded and Unbounded Kepler Orbits Changes of Orbits Week 6: September The Three- Body Problem, Perturbation and Resonances de Pater and Lissauer pp Kuhn s Chapter 5: Copernicus s Innovation, pp Homework Problems: 2.1, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, and 2.8

5 Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 4: Recasting the Tradition: Aristotle to Copernicus, pp Observing Session: Asteroids Jacobi Constant, Lagrangian Points Horseshoe and Tadpole Orbits Hill Sphere Distant Planetary Satellites and Quasi- Satellites Regular and Chaotic Motion Resonance Examples of Orbital Resonance Resonance in the Asteroid Belt The Resonance Overlap Criterion and Jacobi- Hill Stability Week 7: September Stability of the Solar System de Pater and Lissauer pp Kuhn s Chapter 6: The Assimilation of Copernican Astronomy, pp Homework Problems: 2.12, 2.14, 2.15, 2.17, and 2.18 Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 5: Copernicus s Innovation, pp Observing Session: Cloudy night make- up Secular Perturbation Theory Chaos and Planetary Motions Survival Lifetimes of Smaller Bodies Orbits About an Oblate Planet Gravitational Potential Precession of Particle Orbits Torque Upon an Oblate Planet

6 Week 8: October 1 5 Tides; The Orbits of Small Bodies de Pater and Lissauer pp Kuhn s Chapter 7: The New Universe, pp Homework Problems: 2.19, 2.21, 2.22, 2.24, and 2.35 Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 6: The Assimilation of Copernican Astronomy, pp Observing Session: Cloudy night make- up Tides The Tidal Force and the Tidal Bulges Tidal Torque Tidal Heating Dissipative Forces and the Orbits of Small Bodies Week 9: October 8-12 Catch Up Week de Pater and Lissauer pp Homework Problems: 2.27, 2.30, and 2.33 Kuhn Discussion: Chapter 7: The New Universe, pp Observing Session: Cloudy night make- up Orbital Dynamics Catch- Up and Review

7 Part II: Planetary Atmospheres Week 10: October Solar Heating and Energy Transport MIDTERM EXAMINATION IS ON THURSDAY 18 OCTOBER. The midterm examination will cover the lecture material through week 9 classical mechanics and orbital dynamics. de Pater and Lissauer pp Homework Problems: 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.5, and 3.8 Observing Session: None this week Energy Balance and Temperature Thermal (Blackbody) Radiation Albedo and Emissivity Equilibrium Temperature Conduction Convection Hydrostatic Equilibrium Thermodynamics: 1 st Law Adiabatic Lapse Rate Week 11: October Radiation and Energy Transport de Pater and Lissauer pp Homework Problems: 3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.17, and 3.21 Observing Session: TBD Radiation Definitions Energy Transitions (electron transitions) Einstein A and B Coefficients Equations of Radiative Transfer Thermal Profile Greenhouse Effect Radiative Transfer in a Surface

8 Week 12: October 29 November 2 Radiation Catch- up Week de Pater and Lissauer pp Homework Problems: 3.22, 3.23, 3.27, 3.28, and 3.29 Observing Session: TBD Radiation Catch- Up and Review Week 13: November 5 9 Structure & Composition of Planetary Atmospheres de Pater and Lissauer pp Homework Problems: 4.1, 4.3, 4.7, 4.8, and 4.9 Observing Session: Saturn Density and Scale Height Thermal Structure of Planetary Atmospheres Sources and Transport of Energy Atmospheric Composition Spectra of Planetary Atmospheres Line Profiles Natural Damping: Lorentz Profile Pressure or Collisional Broadening Observations of Selected Planets and Satellites Week 14: November Planetary Clouds and Circulation de Pater and Lissauer pp Homework Problems: 4.12, 4.13, 4.14, 4.16, and 4.17 Observing Session: Saturn

9 Clouds Formation of Precipitation Clouds on Selected Planets Winds Forced by Solar Heating Hadley Circulation Thermal Tides Condensation Flows Wind Equations Coriolis Effect Thermal Wind Equation Convection Eddies and Vortices Waves Lightning Observations from Selected Planets Week 15: November Thanksgiving Holiday Break Review for Final Examination Homework Exercises: Review for Final Examination Observing Session: Work on Project Presentation Review for Final Examination Week 16: November 26 November 30 Planetary Photochemistry; History of Secondary Atmospheres de Pater and Lissauer pp Homework Problems: 4.20, 4.25, 4.26, 4.27, 4.29, 4.33, 4.34, 4.35 and 4.36 (Note: These homework problems will NOT be collected but will help you on your final examination.) Presentations: Project Presentations

10 Photolysis and Recombination Oxygen Chemistry on the Earth Photochemistry of Selected Planets and Satellites Electric Currents Airglow and Aurora Molecular and Eddy Diffusion Atmospheric Escape History of Secondary Atmospheres Week 17: December 3 7 Tuesday 4 December is the last day of fall semester. Tuesday 4 December will be running on a Friday class schedule. Final Examination Tuesday 11 December 2012, 3:30-6:30 pm

11 Course Learning Objectives Matrix Course Learning Objectives Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to: 1. Apply elementary classical mechanics to planetary orbits with an emphasis on Kepler s Laws, perturbations and resonances. 2. Demonstrate an understanding of Newtonian gravitational theory to orbital motion and tides. 3. Explain applied and theoretical aspects of atmospheric dynamics to planetary atmospheres. Course Assessment Methods* Extent of Coverage of Program Outcomes** (ABET Criterion 3) A, B, C, E a-xxx, j-x A, B, C, E A, B, C, E a-xxx, j-x a-xxx, j-x 4. Explain applied and theoretical aspects of A, B, C, E a-xxx atmospheric thermodynamics to planetary atmospheres. 5. Explain and apply simple energy transport models to planetary atmospheres A, B, C, E a-x 6. Explain and demonstrate an understanding of the physics of electromagnetic phenomenon in the A, B, C, D, E a-xx, d-x, g-x, j-xx, k-x solar system. 7. Compare and contrast terrestrial and Jovian planetary atmospheres. A, B, C, E a-xxx 8. Demonstrate an understanding of the relationships among giant planets, brown dwarfs A, E a-xxx, d-xx, f-xxxx, g-xx and low-mass stars. * Course Assessment Methods: A Homework; B Hourly Exams; C Final Exam; D Computer based project; E Student Evaluation ** Extent of Coverage: x some, xx moderate, xxx - extensive ABET EC-2000 Criterion 3 Program Outcomes a) an ability to apply knowledge of mathematics, science, and engineering: xxx - extensive b) an ability to design and conduct experiments, as well as to analyze and interpret data: x - some c) an ability to design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs: none d) an ability to function on multi-disciplinary teams: x - some e) an ability to identify, formulate, and solve engineering problems: none f) an understanding of professional and ethical responsibility: x - some g) an ability to communicate effectively: xx - moderate h) the broad educational necessary to understand the impact of engineering solutions in a global and societal context: none i) a recognition of the need for, and an ability to engage in life-long learning: x - some j) a knowledge of contemporary issues: xx - moderate k) an ability to use techniques, skills, and modern engineering tools necessary for engineering practice: none Overall Course Contribution to the Program Outcome This is designed for atmospheric sciences, physics & astronomy, and engineering students. The course will use a multidisciplinary approach to study the comparative study of planetary atmospheres. Special emphasis will be placed on the fundamental physics.

12 Method of Grading Midterm Exam 15% Final Exam 15% Final Project 25% Observing Sessions 10 % Weekly Write- ups 10% Homework 20 % Project Presentation 5% Revision 17 July 2012 Additional Information The course syllabus is a general plan for the course; deviations announced to the class by the instructor may be necessary. The instructor reserves to right to make changes to the syllabus as necessary. Academic Honesty All academic work must meet the standards contained in "A Culture of Honesty." Students are responsible for informing themselves about those standards before performing any academic work. The link to more detailed information about academic honesty can be found at: Engineering Professional Policy Engineers make great contributions to society. Engineering is a very satisfying profession that provides many rewards but is demanding and requires hard work. The engineering profession is governed by a code of ethics. Engineering faculty at UGA expect students to act in a professional manner at all times and develop the work ethics required for a successful engineering career. Engineering students at UGA are responsible for maintaining the highest standards of professionalism and professional practice. Engineering Grading Policy Regarding Communication Skills Thirty percent of the grade on all written assignments (lab reports and papers) and oral presentations will be based on quality of communication. Spelling, grammar, punctuation, and clarity of writing are evidence of written communication quality. Enunciation, voice projection, clarity and logical order of the presentation and effective use of visual aids are evidence of oral communication quality. Homework Policy Homework problems are due at the beginning of class on the Thursday following the week assigned.

13 Class Attendance Policy Lecture attendance is encouraged. Material will be covered in class that is not in the book. Attendance is required for all observing and discussion sessions. Discussion Write- ups Two page typed (10 or 12 point with one inch margins) discussion write- ups are due at the beginning of Tuesday s lecture. Each write- up should include a summary of Larson s main points and your thoughts on his points. Literature Presentations Students are required to give a presentation based on their project. The presenter will be responsible for choosing the research problem, finding the appropriate literature, presenting the findings, and leading a class discussion on the research problem. Final Project Undergraduates are to write a 9 to 11 pages term paper on a planetary sciences topic. Undergraduates should include a minimum of 15 references from referred science journals. Graduates are to write a 12 to 15 pages term paper on a planetary sciences topic. Graduate students should include a minimum of 25 references from referred science journals A copy of the abstract of each reference should be submitted with the final paper. Use 12- point type with one- inch borders. Make sure to adequately define a narrow planetary science topic. The paper must go into the detail physics of the topic. Final Exam Tuesday 11 December 2012, 3:30-6:30 pm