The Anatomy of a Forecast
|
|
- Julie Nicholson
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The Anatomy of a Forecast The Met Service issues forecasts for sky condition, precipitation probability, wind, seas state and temperature on a routine basis. Because the weather is always changing, the terminology used in these forecasts is also quite variable. Listed below are descriptions of regularly used weather terms that should give you a better understanding of each forecast. SKY CONDITION The sky condition describes the predominant/average sky condition based on eighths of the sky covered by opaque (not transparent) clouds. If a high probability of precipitation (60% or greater) is expected, then the sky condition may be omitted since it is inferred from the precipitation forecast. Sky Condition Opaque Cloud Coverage Overcast 8/8 Cloudy 7/8 to less than 8/8 Mostly Cloudy / Considerable Cloudiness 5/8 to less than 7/8 Partly Cloudy / Partly Sunny 3/8 to less than 5/8 Mostly Clear / Mostly Sunny 1/8 to less than 3/8 Clear / Sunny Less than 1/8 PRECIPITATION PROBABILITY The Probability of Precipitation (POP) is defined as the likelihood of occurrence (expressed as a percent) of a measurable amount of liquid precipitation (or the water equivalent of frozen precipitation) during a specified period of time at any given point in the forecast area. In this case measurable precipitation is equal to or greater than 0.01 /0.2 mm (the least about the models can forecast). Unless specified otherwise, the time period is normally 12 hours. The forecast area, or zone, is generally considered to be a county. Such categorical terms as occasional, intermittent, or periods of to describe a precipitation event that has a high probability of occurrence (80% +) but is expected to be of an on and off nature. POP Percent Expression of Uncertainty Equivalent Area Qualifier (convective use only) 10 percent None used (Isolated / Few) 20 percent Slight chance (Widely scattered) 30, 40, & 50 percent Chance (Scattered) 60 & 70 percent Likely (Numerous or none used) 80, 90, & 100 percent None used 1
2 WIND The wind describes the prevailing direction from which the wind is blowing, with speeds in knots (times 1.15 to get miles per hour). In addition to the wind velocity, descriptive terms may also be used/given for emphasis. Sustained Wind Speed Descriptive Term 0 Calm Less than 5 knots Near calm / Light / Light & variable wind Other ranges Beaufort Scale for guidance SEA STATE The sea state in a forecast is used to describe the forecast of the mean or average height of the highest one third of all waves in a swell train or in a wave generating region. Sea State Description Calm (glassy) 0 Calm (rippled) Smooth (wavelets) Slight Moderate Rough Very Rough 4 6 High 6 9 Very High 9-14 Phenomenal Over 14 Forecast Meaning (metres) TEMPERATURE The temperature in a forecast is used to describe the forecast maximum and minimum temperature, or in some cases, the temperature expected at a specific time. Temperature Description Forecast Meaning Around 30 / Near 30 / About 30 A range of temperatures from 29 to 31 Lower 30s Temperatures of 30, 31, 32, 33 Middle 20s Temperatures of 24, 25, 26 Upper 20s Temperatures of 27, 28, 29 20s A range of temperatures from 20 to to 35 Temperatures of 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 2
3 TIME PERIODS Normally, forecasts are divided into periods (12 hours/day and night). In some instances, the forecast may be divided into subperiods (6 hours). Forecast Time Period Today This Morning Early Morning Late Morning Near/Around Midday This Afternoon Early Afternoon Late Afternoon This Evening Early Evening Late Evening Near/Around Midnight Overnight After Midnight Fore-day Morning Tonight Tomorrow Day of Week (e.g. Tuesday) Definition (Local Standard Time) 6AM 6PM (Sunrise Sunset) 6AM Midday (Sunrise Midday) 6AM 9AM (Sunrise to 9AM) 9AM Midday 11AM 1PM Midday 6PM (Midday Sunset) Midday to 3PM 3PM 6PM (3PM Sunset) 6PM Midnight (Sunset Midnight) Sunset 9PM (6PM 9PM) 9PM Midnight (9PM Midnight) 11PM to 1AM Midnight 6AM (Midnight to Sunrise) Midnight to 3AM 3AM 6PM (3PM Sunrise) 6PM 6AM (Sunset Sunrise) 6AM 6PM (Sunrise Sunset) the following day 6AM Tuesday 6AM Wednesday (Sunrise Tuesday Sunrise Wednesday) unless context suggests otherwise Some Details Areal qualifiers of showers and chance (probability of precipitation POP) of precipitation: o Isolated showers: showers that produce measurable rainfall over no more than 10% of the forecast area in usually 12 hour period (day or night).this is equivalent to a 10% chance of showers or a slight chance of showers. o Widely scattered showers (Local rain): showers (rain) that produce measurable rainfall over no more than 25% of the forecast area in usually 12 hour period (day or night). This is equivalent to a 20% chance of showers or a slight chance of showers. o Scattered showers (Areas of rain): showers (rain) that produce measurable rainfall over 25 to 54% of the forecast area in usually 3
4 12 hour period (day or night). This is equivalent to a 30, 40 or 50% chance of showers or there is a chance of showers. o Numerous showers/showers Likely (Widespread rain): showers (rain) that produce measurable rainfall over more than 54% of the area in usually 12 hour period (day or night). This is equivalent to a 60 or 70% chance of showers and showers are likely. o Showers/Showers Expected (Rain): (occasional, intermittent, frequent, periods of, developing): showers (rain) that produce measurable rainfall over at least 80% of the area in usually 12 hours (day or night). This is equivalent to 80, 90 or 100% chance of showers. Note that a day may be subdivided into smaller periods or not at all according to the conditions expected. Chance of precipitation (probability of precipitation): The chance that there will be measurable rainfall (greater than or equal to 0.2 mm) at your location. E.g.: 10% means a one in 10 chances; 20% means a two in 10 chances; 30% means a three in 10 chances etc. Marine Cautions and Warnings: o Sea bather caution (SBC) o Sea bather advisory (SBA) Should avoid sea bathing o Sea bather warning (SBW) Should avoid sea bathing, extremely dangerous o Small craft caution (SCC) o Small craft advisory (SCA) should stay in or near port o Small craft warning (SCW) should stay in port, extremely dangerous Measurable rainfall: Rainfall greater or equal to 0.2 millimetre Seas: The mean height of the highest 1/3 of the waves, consisting of sea waves or swells only or a combination of both. Sky Conditions: o Overcast: The sky is expected to be completely covered by opaque clouds. o Cloudy: Expected predominant or averaged opaque cloud coverage of 7/8 to less than 8/8. o Mostly cloudy: Expected predominant or averaged opaque cloud coverage of 5/8 to 7/8. 4
5 o Partly cloudy (Partly sunny): Expected predominant or averaged opaque cloud coverage of 3/8 to 5/8. o Fair: Expected predominant or averaged opaque cloud coverage of less than 3/8. Also, no precipitation and no extreme conditions of visibility, wind or temperature. Generally pleasant weather conditions. o Mostly clear (Mostly sunny, Mostly fair): Expected predominant or averaged opaque cloud coverage of 1/8 to 2/8. o Clear (Sunny): Expected predominant or averaged opaque cloud coverage of less than 1/8. Ultraviolet Index (UVI): UV index at local solar noon for clear-sky conditions. Wind description: o Wind direction: The predominant or average direction the wind is expected to blow from. E.g. East (90 degrees) wind means that the predominant or average direction is east, however a maximum wind direction spread of 45 degrees about the average can be expected i.e. the direction could range between 67 and 113 degrees or eastnortheast and east-southeast. o Wind speed (e.g. 10 knots): The predominant or average 10- minute wind speed. o Wind speed range (e.g. 7 to 13 knots): The predominant 10- minute wind speed range. o Calm: Wind speed less than 1 knot. o Near calm (light and variable L/V): 10-minute wind speed of less than 5 knots. o Strong wind (windy): 10-minute wind speed of 22 to 33 knots. o Gusty wind: Wind gusting at times to or in excess of 25 knots (lasting for a few seconds). 5
Weather Briefing for Southeast Texas October 24 th, 2015
Weather Briefing for Southeast Texas October 24 th, 2015 Dangerous Flash Flood Event Saturday through Sunday 8:16 AM Overview Ongoing: record deep moisture in place, elevated seas, rip currents, high surf,
More information9. Tables and Abbreviations
9. Tables and Abbreviations Table of Contents Sky Condition Time Periods Time Conversion Probability of Precipitation Hail Size Heat Index Wind Chill Wind Description EF Tornado Scale Saffir-Simpson Hurricane
More informationURGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MELBOURNE FL 402 AM EST MON JAN 6 2014
URGENT - WEATHER MESSAGE...FREEZE AND HARD FREEZE WARNINGS IN EFFECT FOR PORTIONS OF EAST CENTRAL FLORIDA TONIGHT......LAKE WIND ADVISORY IN EFFECT FOR PORTIONS OF EAST CENTRAL FLORIDA THIS AFTERNOON...
More informationNWS Melbourne Flood Briefing for Event Ending Today
NWS Melbourne Flood Briefing for Event Ending Today Saturday March 6, 2010 900 AM Scott Spratt; Warning Coordination Meteorologist TRAINING SCENARIO FOR DISASTER RESISTANT COMMUNITIES GROUP TRAINING SCENARIO
More informationTexas Department of Public Safety Texas Division of Emergency Management. Texas State Operations Center
Texas Department of Public Safety Texas Division of Emergency Management Texas State Operations Center Situation Awareness Brief Saturday, July 20 th 2013 As of 0900 CDT Tropical Weather Outlook For the
More informationLocal Fire Activity for Yesterday
Managers Briefing DATE PREPARED 06/08/15 TIME PREPARED NATIONAL PREPAREDNESS LEVEL RMACC PREPARDNESS LEVEL 1 1 *Upper Elevation Fire Danger CPC PREPARDNESS LEVEL 1 **Lower Elevation Fire Danger *School
More informationAERODROME METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION AND FORECAST STUDY GROUP (AMOFSG)
23/12/09 AERODROME METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATION AND FORECAST STUDY GROUP (AMOFSG) EIGHTH MEETING Melbourne, Australia, 15 to 18 February 2010 Agenda Item 5: Observing and forecasting at the aerodrome and
More informationIf wispy, no significant icing or turbulence. If dense or in bands turbulence is likely. Nil icing risk. Cirrocumulus (CC)
Cirrus (CI) Detached clouds in the form of delicate white filaments or white patches or narrow bands. These clouds have a fibrous or hair like appearance, or a silky sheen or both. with frontal lifting
More informationSUMMARY SITE RECORD FORM AND COMMENTARY DATE: 4/9/10
SUMMARY SITE RECORD FORM AND COMMENTARY Where are you? DATE: 4/9/10 What is the weather like? Air temperature Wind direction and speed Cloud cover What is the time, and what stage is the tide? What is
More informationRE: James vs. ABC Company Greentown, NJ D/A: February 20, 2011
PO Box 7100 Hackettstown, NJ 07840 Phone: 1 800 427 3456 Fax: 908-850-8664 http://www.weatherworksinc.com June 16, 2012 Attn: John Doe Law Offices of John Doe 123 Fourth Street Smithtown, NJ 04506 RE:
More informationWinds. Winds on a weather map are represented by wind barbs; e.g., Notes:
Winds Winds on a weather map are represented by wind barbs; e.g., flag half flag pennant wind direction The wind is blowing from the side with the flags and pennants (think an arrow with feathers) Speeds
More informationMEDIA RELEASE No.4 SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE ULA AND TROPICAL DEPRESSION 07F A TROPICAL CYCLONE ALERT IS NOW INFORCE FOR THE LAU GROUP.
MEDIA RELEASE No.4 SEVERE TROPICAL CYCLONE ULA AND TROPICAL DEPRESSION 07F 4pm Friday 01 st January 2016 A TROPICAL CYCLONE ALERT IS NOW INFORCE FOR THE LAU GROUP. At 1pm today, Severe Tropical Cyclone
More informationDISCOVER AQ OUTLOOK Thursday January 31, 2013
DISCOVER AQ OUTLOOK Thursday January 31, 2013 PODEX coastal leg (LA) Oxnard NWS forecasted narrow patch of stratus within 50 miles of the coast, but the main lower level cloud deck would be out past 125+
More informationTexas Department of Public Safety Texas Division of Emergency Management. Texas State Operations Center
Texas Department of Public Safety Texas Division of Emergency Management Texas State Operations Center Situation Awareness Brief Saturday, October 26 th 2013 As of 0900 CDT Tropical Weather Outlook Incidents
More informationTechnical Support Document For The May 2, 2008 Exceptional Event
Technical Support Document For The May 2, 2008 Exceptional Event Prepared by the Technical Services Program Air Pollution Control Division June 9, 2009 2 Table of Contents: 1.0 Introduction... 4 2.0 Ambient
More informationRESULTS FROM A SIMPLE INFRARED CLOUD DETECTOR
RESULTS FROM A SIMPLE INFRARED CLOUD DETECTOR A. Maghrabi 1 and R. Clay 2 1 Institute of Astronomical and Geophysical Research, King Abdulaziz City For Science and Technology, P.O. Box 6086 Riyadh 11442,
More informationClouds/WX Codes. B.1 Introduction
Clouds/WX Codes B.1 Introduction This appendix provides the necessary tables and specific instructions to enter Clouds/Wx at the Surface Data screen. This guidance assumes no previous knowledge of synoptic
More informationControl Level Company Supervisory. Current Actions: (For planning purposes only, all activities are subject to change.)
INCIDENT ACTION PLAN Be brief and concise with your entries Location Bayou Corne Sink Hole Control Level Company Supervisory Operational Period From 10/18/13 To 10/19/13 1.0 SITUATION Disease, community,
More informationAntecedent Conditions:
Antecedent Conditions: Record to Near Record Heat occurred across Northeast & North Central Colorado September 2-8. A cold front moved across Northeast Colorado the morning of the 9 th, and deeper subtropical
More informationEmpirical study of the temporal variation of a tropical surface temperature on hourly time integration
Global Advanced Research Journal of Physical and Applied Sciences Vol. 4 (1) pp. 051-056, September, 2015 Available online http://www.garj.org/garjpas/index.htm Copyright 2015 Global Advanced Research
More informationWEATHER AND CLIMATE practice test
WEATHER AND CLIMATE practice test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. What role does runoff play in the water cycle? a. It is the process in
More informationStorms Short Study Guide
Name: Class: Date: Storms Short Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. A(n) thunderstorm forms because of unequal heating
More informationThe Clouds Outside My Window. National Weather Service NOAA
The Clouds Outside My Window National Weather Service NOAA The Clouds Out My Window Written and illustrated by John Jensenius My window With help from Owlie Skywarn 1 The Clouds Outside My Window Whether
More informationName Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2015 Weather
Name Period 4 th Six Weeks Notes 2015 Weather Radiation Convection Currents Winds Jet Streams Energy from the Sun reaches Earth as electromagnetic waves This energy fuels all life on Earth including the
More informationNorth American Amphibian Monitoring Program Protocol Description
North American Amphibian Monitoring Program Protocol Description Route Creation Routes are generated in a stratified random block design at USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Routes are then distributed
More informationSIXTH GRADE WEATHER 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES
SIXTH GRADE WEATHER 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES WATER CYCLE OVERVIEW OF SIXTH GRADE WATER WEEK 1. PRE: Evaluating components of the water cycle. LAB: Experimenting with porosity and permeability.
More informationWeatherBug Vocabulary Bingo
Type of Activity: Game: Interactive activity that is competitive, and allows students to learn at the same time. Activity Overview: WeatherBug Bingo is a fun and engaging game for you to play with students!
More informationBOUSSOLE Monthly Cruise Report
The BOUSSOLE project technical reports; report # 10-3, issue 1. BOUSSOLE Monthly Cruise Report Cruise 20 March 15 17, 2003 Duty Chief: Alec Scott (alec.scott@obs-vlfr.fr) Vessel: R/V Téthys II (Captain:
More informationCLOUD COVER IMPACT ON PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA
CLOUD COVER IMPACT ON PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER PRODUCTION IN SOUTH AFRICA Marcel Suri 1, Tomas Cebecauer 1, Artur Skoczek 1, Ronald Marais 2, Crescent Mushwana 2, Josh Reinecke 3 and Riaan Meyer 4 1 GeoModel
More information2015 Arkansas Fire Weather Operating Plan
2015 Arkansas Fire Weather Operating Plan National Weather Service Forecast Office Little Rock, Arkansas 1 2015 Arkansas Fire Weather Operating Plan National Weather Service Forecast Office Little Rock
More informationEstação Meteorológica sem fio VEC-STA-003
Estação Meteorológica sem fio VEC-STA-003 The Weatherwise Instruments professional touch-screen weather station is designed for easy everyday use and fits right into any home or office. The indoor base
More informationEXPLANATION OF WEATHER ELEMENTS AND VARIABLES FOR THE DAVIS VANTAGE PRO 2 MIDSTREAM WEATHER STATION
EXPLANATION OF WEATHER ELEMENTS AND VARIABLES FOR THE DAVIS VANTAGE PRO 2 MIDSTREAM WEATHER STATION The Weather Envoy consists of two parts: the Davis Vantage Pro 2 Integrated Sensor Suite (ISS) and the
More informationBasics of weather interpretation
Basics of weather interpretation Safety at Sea Seminar, April 2 nd 2016 Dr. Gina Henderson Oceanography Dept., USNA ghenders@usna.edu Image source: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/naturalhazards/view.php?id=80399,
More informationChapter 10 Weather. Weather in Antarctica is characterized by extremes: extreme temperatures, extreme
Field Manual for the U.S. Antarctic Program Chapter 10 Weather Figure 10-1: Storm approaching. (photo by Tim Cully) Weather in Antarctica is characterized by extremes: extreme temperatures, extreme winds,
More informationNote taker: Katherine Willingham (NSSL)
SMART-R Event Log IOP 3 Project: Debris Flow Project Lat: 34.200610 Lon: -118.350563 Alt: 712 ft. Truck HD: 193 deg Date/Time SR1 ready for operation: 12 December 2240 UTC Site: BUR Airport, Burbank CA
More informationWeather, San Francisco Bay
Weather, San Francisco Bay The following weather overview focuses primarily on weather conditions of the San Francisco Bay and the coastal waters outside the Golden Gate. To a lesser extent, this overview
More informationMixing Heights & Smoke Dispersion. Casey Sullivan Meteorologist/Forecaster National Weather Service Chicago
Mixing Heights & Smoke Dispersion Casey Sullivan Meteorologist/Forecaster National Weather Service Chicago Brief Introduction Fire Weather Program Manager Liaison between the NWS Chicago office and local
More informationThe Pennsylvania Observer
The Pennsylvania Observer August 3, 2009 July 2009 - Pennsylvania Weather Recap Written by: Dan DePodwin After a cool month of June, some hoped July would bring usual summertime warmth to the state of
More informationASOS GUIDE FOR PILOTS
ASOS GUIDE FOR PILOTS INTRODUCTION... 1 NOTICES TO AIRMEN... 1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION... 2 WEATHER OBSERVATION ELEMENTS... 3 DATA NOT AUTOMATICALLY PROVIDED BY ASOS... 7 MISSING DATA AND NON EVENT DATA...
More informationTexas Department of Public Safety Texas Division of Emergency Management Texas State Operations Center
Texas Department of Public Safety Texas Division of Emergency Management Texas State Operations Center Situation Awareness Brief Tuesday, May 21 st 2013 As of 0900 CDT Incidents Reported to the State Operations
More informationSITE SPECIFIC WEATHER ANALYSIS REPORT
SAMPLE FLOOD ANALYSIS REPORT SITE SPECIFIC WEATHER ANALYSIS REPORT PREPARED FOR: Law Offices of Oliver Wendell Douglas Oliver Wendell Douglas PREPARED BY: November 29, 2007 CASE REFERENCE: Arnold Ziffel
More informationA Mariner s Guide to Marine Weather Services Great Lakes
A Mariner s Guide to Marine Weather Services Great Lakes U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Weather Service NOAA PA 98053 Introduction Few people are affected
More informationTemperature affects water in the air.
KEY CONCEPT Most clouds form as air rises and cools. BEFORE, you learned Water vapor circulates from Earth to the atmosphere Warm air is less dense than cool air and tends to rise NOW, you will learn How
More informationSolar Irradiance Forecasting Using Multi-layer Cloud Tracking and Numerical Weather Prediction
Solar Irradiance Forecasting Using Multi-layer Cloud Tracking and Numerical Weather Prediction Jin Xu, Shinjae Yoo, Dantong Yu, Dong Huang, John Heiser, Paul Kalb Solar Energy Abundant, clean, and secure
More informationFORENSIC WEATHER CONSULTANTS, LLC
SAMPLE, CONDENSED REPORT DATES AND LOCATIONS HAVE BEEN CHANGED FORENSIC WEATHER CONSULTANTS, LLC Howard Altschule Certified Consulting Meteorologist 1971 Western Avenue, #200 Albany, New York 12203 518-862-1800
More informationPartnerships Implementing Engineering Education Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Public Schools
Partnerships Implementing Engineering Education Worcester Polytechnic Institute Worcester Public Schools Supported by: National Science Foundation Weather: 4.H.3 Weather and Classical Instruments Grade
More informationCOMMON CORE Lessons & Activities
T E AC H I T SA M PL E COMMON CORE Lessons & Activities DAY! O T Common Core Lessons & Activities: Weather By Carole Marsh Published by Gallopade International, Inc. Carole Marsh/Gallopade Printed in the
More informationA heat advisory that blanketed the metro-east Tuesday is expected to remain in place until 7 p.m. Wednesday.
bnd.com News-Democrat A heat advisory that blanketed the metro-east Tuesday is expected to remain in place until 7 Wednesday. According to the National Weather Service, the temperature reached a high of
More informationArizona Climate Summary February 2015 Summary of conditions for January 2015
Arizona Climate Summary February 2015 Summary of conditions for January 2015 January 2015 Temperature and Precipitation Summary January 1 st 14 th : January started off with a very strong low pressure
More informationMonday Night - A slight chance of evening thunderstorms, otherwise mostly clear. Patchy inland late night fog. Lows in the mid 70s. Light wind.
SITUATION REPORT No. 12 South Florida Tornadoes The Florida State Emergency Response Team May 12, 2003 - Published at 1530 Hours State Emergency Operations Center Level: 3 Operational Period: May 9, 2003
More informationMaybe you know about the Energy House.
Plans and experiments for the Energy House can be found at Design Coalition s website at www.designcoalition.org Maybe you know about the Energy House. Here are some more ideas for leaning about the sun
More informationPut the following words and phrases in order from the least strong to the strongest:
Match the correct adjectives to the days they describe: 1 a warm, sunny summer s day 2 a very cold winter s day 3 a wet, miserable, cloudy day 4 a cold early morning with poor visibility misty chilly mild
More informationCommon Cloud Names, Shapes, and Altitudes:
Common Cloud Names, Shapes, and Altitudes: Low Clouds Middle Clouds High Clouds Genus Cumulus Cumulonimbus (extend through all 3 levels) Stratus Stratocumulus Altocumulus Altostratus Nimbostratus (extend
More informationConvective Clouds. Convective clouds 1
Convective clouds 1 Convective Clouds Introduction Convective clouds are formed in vertical motions that result from the instability of the atmosphere. This instability can be caused by: a. heating at
More information4THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
4THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK GRADE 4 ELEMENTARY-LEVEL SCIENCE TEST WRITTEN TEST JUNE 6, 2011 Student Name School Name Print your name and the name of your school on the lines above. The test
More informationHTTP Data Logging Protocol
HTTP Data Logging Protocol Version 1.5 (introduced with Meteohub 4.9) 1. Mission Statement The mission of this document is to provide a protocol specification that allows to handover weather data logged
More informationSemester 2. Final Exam Review
Semester 2 Final Exam Review Motion and Force Vocab Motion object changes position relative to a reference point. Speed distance traveled in a period of time. Velocity speed in a direction. Acceleration
More informationThe Next Generation Flux Analysis: Adding Clear-Sky LW and LW Cloud Effects, Cloud Optical Depths, and Improved Sky Cover Estimates
The Next Generation Flux Analysis: Adding Clear-Sky LW and LW Cloud Effects, Cloud Optical Depths, and Improved Sky Cover Estimates C. N. Long Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, Washington
More informationUK Flooding April to July
UK Flooding April to July Prepared by JBA Risk Management Limited and Met Office July JBA Risk Management Limited Met Office www.jbarisk.com www.metoffice.gov.uk Overview After a very dry start to the
More informationActivity 1 Reading Universal Time Level 2 http://www.uni.edu/storm/activities/level2/index.shtml
Activity 1 Reading Universal Time Level 2 http://www.uni.edu/storm/activities/level2/index.shtml National Science Education Standards: As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop
More informationQuadrant 1 Sea Breeze: Routing Considerations Table of Contents
Quadrant 1 Sea Breeze: Routing Considerations Table of Contents Introduction Quadrant 1 Sea Breeze Description 2 3 Introduction Four Sea Breeze Quadrants (Figure 1) When considering a sea breeze and its
More informationTOPIC: CLOUD CLASSIFICATION
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DELHI DEPARTMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE ASL720: Satellite Meteorology and Remote Sensing TERM PAPER TOPIC: CLOUD CLASSIFICATION Group Members: Anil Kumar (2010ME10649) Mayank
More informationNew Aviation Weather Formats: METAR/TAF
New Aviation Weather Formats: METAR/TAF June 1995 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration NOTICE: The following METAR/TAF code formats are undergoing final changes. The proposed
More informationWEATHER THEORY Temperature, Pressure And Moisture
WEATHER THEORY Temperature, Pressure And Moisture Air Masses And Fronts Weather Theory- Page 77 Every physical process of weather is a result of a heat exchange. The standard sea level temperature is 59
More informationHow To Assess Natural Hazards In Houston County, Minn.
Natural Hazards Assessment Houston County, MN Prepared by: NOAA / National Weather Service La Crosse, WI Natural Hazards Assessment for Houston County, MN Prepared by NOAA / National Weather Service La
More informationReference Guide. Vantage PRO2 Quick
3465 Diablo Avenue, Hayward, CA 94545-2778 U.S.A. 510-732-9229 Fax: 510-732-9188 E-mail: info@davisnet.com www.davisnet.com Vantage PRO2 Quick Reference Guide Part Number: 07395.235 Rev C (1/6/2012) 2012
More informationIn a majority of ice-crystal icing engine events, convective weather occurs in a very warm, moist, tropical-like environment. aero quarterly qtr_01 10
In a majority of ice-crystal icing engine events, convective weather occurs in a very warm, moist, tropical-like environment. 22 avoiding convective Weather linked to Ice-crystal Icing engine events understanding
More informationFormation & Classification
CLOUDS Formation & Classification DR. K. K. CHANDRA Department of forestry, Wildlife & Environmental Sciences, GGV, Bilaspur What is Cloud It is mass of tiny water droplets or ice crystals or both of size
More informationMIAMI-SOUTH FLORIDA National Weather Service Forecast Office http://www.weather.gov/miami
MIAMI-SOUTH FLORIDA National Weather Service Forecast Office http://www.weather.gov/miami November 2014 Weather Summary Cooler and Drier than Normal December 1, 2014: Cooler than normal temperatures was
More informationCONTENTS PAGE: 1. EU-UNAWE Mission Statement 3 2. CAPS Life Skills Programme of Assessment 4 5-6
CONTENTS PAGE: 1. EU-UNAWE Mission Statement 3 2. CAPS Life Skills Programme of Assessment 4 5-6 3. Core Knowledge & Content - CAPS Curriculum Life Skills Foundation Phase 4. Learning Outcomes & Definition
More informationActivity 4 Clouds Over Your Head Level 1
Activity 4 Clouds Over Your Head Level 1 1 Objectives: Students will become familiar with the four main types of clouds: stratus, cirrus, cumulus, and cumulonimbus and their characteristics. Students will
More informationCHAPTER 3. The sun and the seasons. Locating the position of the sun
zenith 90 summer solstice 75 equinox 52 winter solstice 29 altitude angles observer Figure 3.1: Solar noon altitude angles for Melbourne SOUTH winter midday shadow WEST summer midday shadow summer EAST
More informationBasic Climatological Station Metadata Current status. Metadata compiled: 30 JAN 2008. Synoptic Network, Reference Climate Stations
Station: CAPE OTWAY LIGHTHOUSE Bureau of Meteorology station number: Bureau of Meteorology district name: West Coast State: VIC World Meteorological Organization number: Identification: YCTY Basic Climatological
More informationWhat the Heck are Low-Cloud Feedbacks? Takanobu Yamaguchi Rachel R. McCrary Anna B. Harper
What the Heck are Low-Cloud Feedbacks? Takanobu Yamaguchi Rachel R. McCrary Anna B. Harper IPCC Cloud feedbacks remain the largest source of uncertainty. Roadmap 1. Low cloud primer 2. Radiation and low
More informationCloud seeding. Frequently Asked Questions. What are clouds and how are they formed? How do we know cloud seeding works in Tasmania?
What are clouds and how are they formed? Clouds are composed of water droplets and sometimes ice crystals. Clouds form when air that is rich in moisture near the Earth s surface rises higher into the atmosphere,
More informationSOLAR ENERGY How much strikes the earth? How much can my building get? When is it too much?
SOLAR ENERGY How much strikes the earth? How much can my building get? When is it too much? The sun: friend of foe? Drawing by Le Corbusier ENGS 44 Sustainable Design Benoit Cushman-Roisin 14 April 2015
More informationOur Antarctic Facilities
Our Antarctic Facilities Australian Activities in Antarctica Tony Worby IICWG Chile, October 2014 3 days Macquarie Island Wilkins aerodrome Hobart is Australia s Gateway to East Antarctica and the Southern
More informationPREDICTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS PRODUCTION USING WEATHER FORECASTS
PREDICTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS PRODUCTION USING WEATHER FORECASTS Jure Vetršek* 1 and prof. Sašo Medved 1 1University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Laboratory for Sustainable Technologies
More informationPlease be sure to save a copy of this activity to your computer!
Thank you for your purchase Please be sure to save a copy of this activity to your computer! This activity is copyrighted by AIMS Education Foundation. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be
More informationFor more detailed information, see your Vantage Vue Console manual.
For more detailed information, see your Vantage Vue Console manual. Current Weather Mode Moon phase, alarm & forecast icons Wind Rose Compass Antenna icon shows active transmission Graph of selected variable
More informationSeasonal Temperature Variations
Seasonal and Daily Temperatures Fig. 3-CO, p. 54 Seasonal Temperature Variations What causes the seasons What governs the seasons is the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground What two primary factors
More informationWeather Radar Basics
Weather Radar Basics RADAR: Radio Detection And Ranging Developed during World War II as a method to detect the presence of ships and aircraft (the military considered weather targets as noise) Since WW
More informationThe Influence of the Climatic Peculiarities on the Electromagnetic Waves Attenuation in the Baltic Sea Region
PIERS ONLINE, VOL. 4, NO. 3, 2008 321 The Influence of the Climatic Peculiarities on the Electromagnetic Waves Attenuation in the Baltic Sea Region M. Zilinskas 1,2, M. Tamosiunaite 2,3, S. Tamosiunas
More informationTabelle MOS Vorhersage-Parameter
Tabelle MOS Vorhersage-Parameter Element number Name Description Unit 1005 T Air temperature C*10 1000 T5cm Temperature at 5 cm above ground C*10 1006 Td Dew point temperature C*10 1001 DD Wind direction
More informationSafe Operating Procedure
Safe Operating Procedure (Revised 11/11) OPACITY OF EMISSIONS FROM COMBUSTION SOURCES (For assistance, please contact EHS at (402) 472-4925, or visit our web site at http://ehs.unl.edu/) The University
More informationNordFoU: External Influences on Spray Patterns (EPAS) Report 16: Wind exposure on the test road at Bygholm
1 NordFoU: External Influences on Spray Patterns (EPAS) Report 16: Wind exposure on the test road at Bygholm Jan S. Strøm, Aarhus University, Dept. of Engineering, Engineering Center Bygholm, Horsens Torben
More informationNational Weather Service Tulsa, Oklahoma Winter, 2007
National Weather Service Tulsa, Oklahoma Winter, 2007 BLIZZARD OF 2006 Record November Snow Blankets Northeast Oklahoma T he storm system which spawned strong to severe thunderstorms across eastern Oklahoma
More informationFLOOD INFORMATION SERVICE EXPLANATORY NOTES
FLOOD INFORMATION SERVICE EXPLANATORY NOTES Part 1 About the flood maps Limitations of the mapping What the maps don t show Where to find more information Definitions of words used to describe flooding.
More informationMinnesota Comprehensive Assessments-Series III
Not for student use. Minnesota Comprehensive Assessments-Series III Science Item Sampler Script Grade 8 S ARE NOT SECURE TEST MATERIALS. THIS ITEM SAMPLER SCRIPT MAY BE COPIED OR DUPLICATED. MINNESOTA
More informationMeteorology for travellers Title
Meteorology for travellers Title by S.T. Christopher Introduction Everyone travels at some time in his or her life. With the advent of lowcost air travel, more people travel farther and faster than ever
More informationSevere Weather Emergency Operations Plan
Severe Weather Emergency Operations Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS Subject Page Table of Contents...2 Version Tracking...3 Preparedness Weather Team...4 Severe Weather Alert Definitions...5 Winter Weather Alert
More informationRead and study the following information. After reading complete the review questions. Clouds
Name: Pd: Read and study the following information. After reading complete the review questions. Clouds What are clouds? A cloud is a large collection of very tiny droplets of water or ice crystals. The
More informationWhy do clouds float?
E A RT H A N D B E Y O N D Why do clouds float? I n t ro d u c t i o n In this unit, students complete activities that involve conducting investigations similar to those that a meteorologist may carry
More informationThe APOLLO cloud product statistics Web service
The APOLLO cloud product statistics Web service Introduction DLR and Transvalor are preparing a new Web service to disseminate the statistics of the APOLLO cloud physical parameters as a further help in
More informationSatellite Weather And Climate (SWAC) Satellite and cloud interpretation
Satellite Weather And Climate (SWAC) Satellite and cloud interpretation Vermont State Climatologist s Office University of Vermont Dr. Lesley-Ann Dupigny-Giroux Vermont State Climatologist ldupigny@uvm.edu
More informationVessels reporting duties on the NSR
The Arctic 2030 Project: Feasibility and Reliability of Shipping on the Northern Sea Route and Modeling of an Arctic Marine Transportation & Logistics System 1-st Industry Seminar: NSR s Legislation, Tariff
More informationCLIMATE OF RWANDA. Overview. Linked to other lessons
Geography S6 GENERAL PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF RWANDA Lesson 75 Developed by (Niwagaba Innocent) Subtopic Climate and factors influencing it in Rwanda Specific Objectives The learners must be able to: Describe
More informationWater, Phase Changes, Clouds
TUESDAY: air & water & clouds Water, Phase Changes, Clouds How can freezing make something warmer? 'warm air can hold more water' why? How do clouds form? The (extraordinary) properties of Water Physical
More informationA.4 SEVERE WEATHER PLAN
Page 1 of 5 A.4 SEVERE WEATHER PLAN 1.0 Purpose 1.1 The purpose of this Severe Weather Response Plan is to minimize the impact on the University from a severe weather incident 2.0 Applicability 2.1 This
More informationWeather Map Symbols, Abbreviations, and Features
Weather Map Symbols, Abbreviations, and Features Table of Contents 1. Symbols... 2 Pressure Systems/Fronts... 2 Precipitation... 3 Wind Speed... 4 Center pressures (on Surface Maps)... 4 2. Abbreviations...
More information