Fiber-Optic Real-Time Networks for Distributed Computing Systems. Magnus Jonsson. Node 2. Magnus Jonsson, Halmstad University, Sweden.

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1 Fiber-Optic Real-Time Networks for Distributed Computing Systems Magnus Jonsson Node 1 Node M Node 2 Node 3 Outline Requirements and desired features of interconnection networks for radar systems Proposed networks Fiber-ribbon ring networks WDM star networks Conclusions 1

2 Requirements and desired features of interconnection networks for radar systems Typical Dataflow between Computational Modules in the System 500 MByte/s aggregated bandwidth 500 MByte/s aggregated bandwidth 250 MByte/s aggregated bandwidth Computational module <50 MByte/s aggregated bandwidth Special distribution module Special collection module Distribution with some overlapping Distribution/semicorner-turn with some overlapping Full corner-turn with some overlapping 3-5 PE arrays 5-10 PE arrays PE arrays Collection 2

3 Mixed Real-Time Traffic Dataflow of signal processing chain High bandwidth from all nodes simultaneously Communication pattern does not change rapidly Logging of certain data Coordination of mode-changes Other control information Proposed networks 3

4 Pipeline Ring Node 1 Node 2 Node M Node 3 Node 5 Node 4 Two ring networks with support for spatial reuse of the bandwidth are proposed Fiber-Ribbon Pipeline Ring 1 Node 1 Node 2 Node M Node 3 = Circuit-switched (8 fibers) Node 5 Node 4 = Packet-switched (1 fiber) = Clock channel (1 fiber) Two different sub-networks for different services 4

5 Node 1 Node 2 Control-Channel Based Fiber- Ribbon Ring Node M Node 3 Node 5 Node 4 = Packet-switched data channel (8 fibers) = Control channel (1 fiber) = Clock channel (1 fiber) Control-channel used at packet-level to control realtime traffic, spatial reuse, group communication etc. A Control-Packet is used to decide which node(s) that are allowed to send data in next slot Slot N Slot N+1 Slot N+2 Data-packet Data-packet Data-packet Time Controlpacket Controlpacket Controlpacket 5

6 Protocol - Three Steps 1. Each node that has something to send prepare itself to change the control-packet 2. The control-packet travels through the ring for medium-access purposes Each node checks the control-packet and change it if transmission is possible in the next slot Each node also checks if there will be a data packet destined to it in the next slot 3. Data-packet(s) travels through the ring Real-Time Services Guarantee seeking Messages Deterministic minimum bandwidth and worst-case latency similar to pure TDMA Slots already booked for guarantee-seeking messages are tracked Segments of the ring that are not used by the slot-owner can be reused by other nodes Best effort Messages Messages are sorted (locally in each node in the current version) according to Earliest Deadline First or similar 6

7 RTVC Cycle is prolonged to contain special slots where reservation is allowed Several reservations of different segments are possible in the same slot Reserved slots (segments) not needed in current cycle can be used by nodes downstream in the segment Same medium access method to search for free segments and inform of the use or not of reserved slots Services with Bounded Latency Flow control, ACK/NACK Global Reduction Barrier Synchronisation Process A Process B Process C Time * * * * Barrier reached, process holds All processes have reached the barrier 7

8 Single-Hop WDM Star λ 1 λ 2 λ Ν Node 1 Node 2 Node N λ 1, λ 2... λ Ν λ 1, λ 2... λ Ν λ 1, λ 2... λ Ν Fixed tuned transmitters and tunable receivers Medium access control (MAC) protocol with support realtime communication Control and Data Slots on Each Channel Cycle Data slots Control slots Data slots Time 8

9 Protocol: Three Steps 1. Each node transmits a control slot 2. Each node separately runs a distributed slot-allocation algorithm 3. The nodes transmit and receive data slots Features: WDM Star Network Deterministic worst-case latency and node bandwidth deadline guarantees Slot releasing efficient bandwidth utilization Distributed slot-allocation algorithm low worst-case latency Slot reservation flexible amount of deterministic bandwidth 9

10 WDM Star-of-Stars Network Backbone star Electronic gateway nodes Conclusions The use of fiber-optics gives us enough bandwidth to enhance control and hence the real-time services 10

11 Conclusions Fiber-ribbon pipeline ring networks: Close relation between fibers is used Control channel can be used to control various services, including real-time services WDM star network Highly scalable with the star-of-stars topology Both guarantee-seeking and best-effort services High bit-rates fine time-slot granularity TDMA with control-slots is feasible 11

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