MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC ANNOUNCES THE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF AN AIRBORNE Ku-BAND ANTENNA SUBSYSTEM FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS

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1 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE No Product Inquiries: Media Contact: Yutaka Kamada Oliver Cox Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Tel: Tel: MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC ANNOUNCES THE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF AN AIRBORNE Ku-BAND ANTENNA SUBSYSTEM FOR SATELLITE COMMUNICATIONS Enables broadband communication applications for in-flight entertainment systems TOKYO, Feb. 17, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation has successfully developed a Ku-band airborne antenna subsystem for satellite communications. The real-time, highspeed connectivity and broadcasting capabilities of the subsystem are equivalent to those of ground-based systems. The successful results of this development will be applied to airborne instruments for the broadband satellite Internet communication service onboard civilian aircraft known as Connexion by Boeing SM. Background As use of the Internet grows, so does the demand by airplane passengers for airborne broadband communication services equivalent to those based on the ground. Connexion by Boeing provides passengers with two-way broadband Internet communication and direct television broadcast reception via satellite communications operated in the Ku-band (Receive band: 11.2GHz 12.8GHz, Transmit band: 14.0GHz 14.5GHz). In order to make this possible the airborne antenna subsystem requires a low profile external antenna design to minimize aircraft fuel efficiency degradation. It must also achieve a low off-axis equivalent isotropic radiation power (EIRP) in order to provide

2 a number of aircraft with simultaneous access to a common satellite transponder. Furthermore, a wide-range scanning faculty, a flexible polarization control system, and an accurate satellite-tracking faculty are also necessary to ensure high quality, uninterrupted communication during circular flights, rolling flights or periods of vibration. Main Features 1. Low profile reflector antenna designed using a novel reflector shaping technique. Generally, the performance of reflector antennas is seriously degraded by the wave effect of a radio wave in inverse proportion to the antenna length in the direction of the radiation-axis, which is often compared to the handle of an umbrella. The low profile reflector antenna is no exception to this effect. An antenna manufactured using conventional design techniques, based on the geometrical optics method of applying the reflection in a mirror, would not have delivered the present successful results. Instead, an alternative design technique was devised, which lead to the development of an elliptically shaped dual reflector antenna exhibiting excellent performance. 2. High-grade satellite tracking system developed by combining new devices. A high-performance satellite tracking system (Transmission power accuracy: 0.1dB; Polarization angle accuracy: 1 degrees; Azimuth angle accuracy: 0.25 degrees; Elevation angle accuracy: 0.6 degrees) has been realized through development of the following components: (a) excellent stability solid-state power amplifier, capable of operating in wide ranges (more than 30dB) (b) new power transmission detector, incorporating a temperature compensation function (c) high-precision polarization controller composed of excellent new circuitry (d) accurate velocity sensor situated in the tracking system Future Developments The results of the successful development outlined above will be applied to airborne antenna subsystems for use in the Connexion by Boeing service. Production is

3 expected to reach approximately 4000 units within ten years from now. Proposals for the application of this newly developed technology to marine antenna subsystems for broadband satellite communications, and mobile terminals for the quasi-zenith satellite systems are also being considered. About Mitsubishi Electric With over 80 years of experience in providing reliable, high-quality products to both corporate clients and general consumers all over the world, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (TSE: 6503) is a recognized world leader in the manufacture, marketing and sales of electrical and electronic equipment used in information processing and communications, space development and satellite communications, consumer electronics, industrial technology, energy, transportation and building equipment. The company has operations in 35 countries and recorded consolidated group sales of 3,639 billion yen (US$30.3 billion * ) in the year ended March 31, For more information visit * At an exchange rate of 120 yen to the US dollar, the rate given by the Tokyo Foreign Exchange Market on March 31, # # #

4 Appendix 1 Connexion by Boeing The Connexion by Boeing service involves satellite communication between ground stations and a number of aircraft using fixed communication satellite Ku-band transponders, as shown in Figure 1. Each forward link from the ground to the aircraft operates at a high data rate, between 20Mbps and 40Mbps, and provides connectivity to all the aircraft simultaneously. Each return link operates at a low data rate of 1Mbps per transponder. Consequently, the airborne antenna system requires not just an accurate satellite tracking function but an accurate power transmission control function too, due to the fact that a number of aircraft use a common satellite transponder at the same time. Generally, orthogonal linear polarizations (horizontal and vertical polarization) are used in fixed communication satellite Ku-band transponders. This means that it is necessary to match the polarization direction transmitted by each aircraft to the polarization direction used in the transponder with a high degree of accuracy, in order to avoid exciting interference between transponders due to coupling between orthogonal polarizations. Similarly, in the receive mode, obtaining a good match between polarizations is important for reducing any loss in transmission. The airborne antenna subsystem therefore requires an accurate and flexible polarization control system, to ensure high quality, uninterrupted communication during circular flights, rolling flights or periods of vibration. Figure 1: Connexion by Boeing Application Concept Ku-band Transponders Transponder #1 (5-10 Mbps) Transponder #2 (5-10 Mbps) Transponder #3 (5-10 Mbps) Transponder #4 (5-10 Mbps) Multiple Ku-band Transponders Ground Station 20 to 40 Mbps (typical) Forward Link Operation... Transponder #1 Transponder #N Transponder #1 Transponder #N Code #1 Code #1 Code #2 Code #3 Code #2 Code #3 Ground Station Return Link Operation

5 Appendix 2 Low Profile Reflector Antenna When installed on an aircraft body, the antenna must display a low profile in order to reduce air resistance and negative effects on fuel efficiency. However, the high rate of data transmission requires an expansion of the antenna aperture. In addition, it is necessary to scan the antenna beam over a wide range, between 5o and 90o,without any reduction in performance. In order to overcome these problems an elliptically shaped dual reflector antenna and a low loss/high power-handling antenna feeder composed of waveguides were chosen. Mechanical satellite tracking techniques were also employed. The novel development of an ultra-thin OMT structure and a compact-size high-performance DIP/LNA unit enable the antenna feeder to be located on the back of the main reflector without expanding the total installation space. The geometrical optics method of applying the reflection in a mirror is often used in reflector antenna design. However, the performance of reflector antennas suffers from degradation as a result of the wave effect (in inverse proportion to the antenna length in the direction of the radiation-axis). The low profile reflector antenna is subject to just such an effect: the antenna length in the direction of the radiation-axis is approximately 7.5λ 0 (approx. 200mm), and the diameter of the sub-reflector is 4.5λ0. Overcoming the wave effect by using the geometrical optics method to design a reflector antenna is difficult. Therefore, an alternative design technique was devised, which lead to the development of an elliptically shaped dual reflector antenna that exhibits excellent performance with low side-lobe characteristics. Figure 2: Low Profile Reflector Antenna λ 0 : free-space wavelength, OMT : Orthomode Transducer, DIP : Diplexer, LNA : Low Noise Amplifier, AZ-R/J : Azimuth Rotary Joint OMT Reflector DIP DIP/LNA AZ-R/J LNA

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