CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT. The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey MRC - Emrah Ali Pekdemir

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1 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey MRC - Emrah Ali Pekdemir

2 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT Republic of Turkey is located at the crossroads between the Caspian and the Middle Eastern countries which are in possession of rich oil and gas reserves and the Western Countries which are in need of such resources. The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC) Project, which was completed in May , is a crude oil pipeline and export facility which transports crude oil from the Azerbaijani Caspian Sea to the Ceyhan Marine Terminal (CMT) to be exported to the world markets via oil tankers.

3 The CMT export facility is located on the north-northwest coast of the upper Gulf of Iskenderun, by the Eastern Mediterranean Sea of Turkey. Source:

4 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT Iskenderun Gulf contains many various industries, and approximately 2200 ships berth in this gulf every year. About 35% of the ships are large vessels, with DWT s greater than or equal to 15,000 tonnes.

5 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT Marine facilities of the terminal include a fiscal metering station, a jetty capable of simultaneously berthing two tankers with 300,000 DWT s, and facilities for loading oil onto tankers. The planned oil transport activity from the BTC Marine Terminal represents some 56.4 million DWT per year, while the pre-existing oil transport in the Gulf was approximately 42.6 million DWT per year, of which majority is related to the present BOTAŞ Marine Terminal (36.4 million DWT).

6 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT

7 Lagoons in the Iskenderun Gulf contain; An International Bird Area A Ramsar Site A First Degree Natural Protection Area Nesting grounds for green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta)

8 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT The BTC Project Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) committed that the Project would comply with the principles of the IMO Ballast Water Convention, although it is not yet ratified.

9 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT The main goal of this project is to undertake a ballast water risk assessment (BWRA) study, according to the IMO GloBallast BWRA methodology, for tanker activity between ports of tanker origin (source ports) and the Ceyhan Marine Terminal (CMT) port to determine the risk of biological contamination between the ports. The project also aims to; assess and describe the relative overall risk posed by each BW source port as far as possible from available data, to help determine the types of management responses that are required for the CMT.

10 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT The objectives: To identify and describe all coastal and marine resources in and around the port that might be affected by the introduced marine species, and to map them on a Geographical Information System (GIS). To identify and describe all the source ports including locations and volumes of BW discharges, and to map them on a Geographical Information System. To establish an Access based database for the efficient ongoing collection, management, and analysis of the data collected according to the standard IMO Ballast Water Reporting Forms.

11 Three Components Required for the GloBallast Risk Assessment: 1. Determining the 'Innoculation' Potentials; Source, frequency, and quantities of BW discharges; Conditions affecting survival of the organisms - voyage time, - tank size (ignored) - BW exchange 2. Determining the presence of High Risk species at the source ports (or in their region if there is inadequate information). 3. Determining the Environmental Similarity of the receiving and donor ports (by multivariate analysis)

12 IMO - GLOBALLAST Ballast Water Risk Assessment Methodology

13 IMO - GLOBALLAST Ballast Water Risk Assessment Methodology Risk Coefficients and Risk Reduction Factors

14 BWRA calculation: The formula for calculating the relative overall risk (ROR) posed by a source port is: ROR = ( C1 + [C2 x R1] + C3 + [C4 x R2] ) / 4

15 IMO - GLOBALLAST Ballast Water Risk Assessment Methodology Risk Coefficient Weighing

16 Ship Visit Data for C1 & C2 Calculation: In this BWRA study, ship visit data for the CMT were gathered from the shipping records of BIL Ltd. and the Pre-Cargo Transfer Information Exchange forms collected from the ships between the dates June and May BWRF from BOTAŞ Port Authority between October and May Total of 171 ship visits to the CMT were detected in this period. Total of 7 ship visits were discarded from the risk analysis. Some ship specific data (Dead Weight Tonnage [DWT], Gross Tonnage [GT], agent, flag, etc.) which are not used in BWRA directly were taken from the Lloyd Ship Register Guideline and BWRF s of the BOTAŞ Port Authority, when available.

17 Environmental Similarity Analysis (C3) The environmental matching coefficient is based on various parameters (34 total) which describe and include port type, temperature, salinity, and habitat. Comparing port to port environmental similarities therefore provides a relative measure of the risk related to the organisms survival, establishment, and potential for spreading. The environmental distances between the receiver port and source port are determined using a multivariate method in the Primer package.

18 Port Environmental Data Originally the IMO-Globallast software included a total of 357 ports world wide. The environmental port data software was expanded d to 599 ports world wide by the Canadian Transport database for 2006.

19 Port Environmental Data In the content of this project; There are 55 ballast water source ports for the CMT. Environmental data of 34 ports were taken from the original IMO-Globallast software directly. Environmental data of 11 ports (Augusta/Priolo, Cadiz, Cartagena, Huelva, Kwinana, Mohammedia, Point Tupper, San Nicolas, Savona, Tarragona, Tartous) were taken from the expanded Canadian software. For the remaining 10 (Agioi Theodoroi, Corpus Christi, Haifa, Leixoes, Falconara Marittima, Milazzo, Santa Panagia, Salalah, Ashkelon, Ceyhan) ports not present in either of these software, databases from different sources were used.

20 Risk species and NIS Data for C4 Calculation One of the BWRA objectives was to identify high-risk species that may be transferred to receiver port. In the globallast database for each species; taxonomic details bioregion distribution native / introduced d status t level of threat assigned to a species Database can be displayed for reviewing, editing and updating purposes. The GloBallast database was revised with recently added species from the Turkish bioregions

21 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT Bioregions represent environmentally similar geographic areas. If a species is found established in one part of a bioregion, there is a good chance it can spread via natural or human mediated processes to other sites in the same bioregion.

22 IMO-GloBallast divides the world into 204 bioregions

23 Turkish seas are divided up into 4 bio-regions; 1. Mediterranean Sea (MED-V) 2. Aegean Sea (MED VI) 3. Marmara Sea (MED-VIII) 4. Black Sea Coast (MED-IX-A) CMT is located on the MED-V Bio-Region

24 Proportion of the BW volume discharges in the Iskenderun Gulf according to the seas (June 2006 May 2007). BlackSea/Marm. Sea 1% Med. Sea 63% Northwest Atlantic 12% Indian Pasific 9% Red Sea 3% Northeast Atlantic 11% Northwest Pasific 1% According to the 154 visit records between June 2006 and May 2007, the total volume of ballast water discharged to the CMT was tonnes.

25 Ballast Water Source Ports for the CMT

26 Highest frequency of BW discharges at the CMT; North-West Mediterranean port of Fos sur Mer (France; 9.89%) Italian Adriatic port of Trieste (Italia; 8.79 %), The port of Singapore (Singapore; % 3.85), The South East of Mediterranean ports of Ashkelon (Israel 3.85%) Sidi Kerir (Egypt; % 3.30), and East Mediterranean port of Piraeus (Greece; 3.30%).

27 The source ports providing the largest volume of BW discharged at the CMT: Fos sur Mer (9%) Trieste (6,87%) Ashkelon (6.26%) Singapore (4.63%) Piraeus (3.24%)

28 Partial list of identified source ports in the Ceyhan Marine Terminal database, showing proportions of recorded ballast tank discharges (C1*) and volumes (C2*)

29 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT Related with the very big DWT, ballast tanks of tankers arriving to the CMT are bigger than 1000 tonnes. Consequently, in this study, R1 (Max tank discharge volume risk reduction factor) was always taken as 1 It means there is no risk reduction effect related with max tank discharge volume for the CMT ballast water risk analysis.

30 The most similar port to the CMT is Santa Panagia (Italy) port in the West Mediterranean (C3= 0.59) The most environmentally similar source ports beyond the Mediterranean region is Mohammedia in the North East Atlantic (C3=0.52).

31 CEYHAN MARINE TERMINAL BALLAST WATER RISK ASSESSMENT The most environmentally dissimilar ports trading with the CMT are (i.e. C3 s below 0.1): Come By Chance (Canada, North West Atlantic) Kwinana (Australia, Indian Pacific) Fort Mifflin (USA, North West Atlantic) Port Richmond (USA, North West Atlantic)

32 Environmental Similarity Analysis Results

33 The highest value; The port of Ningbo (Beilun) Zhejiang (China) from NWP-3A Bioregion with C4 = 0.577

34 Ranking of BW source ports identified for the CMT, according to the size of their risk species threat (C4)

35 Risk Assessment Results: The database calculates the relative overall risk (ROR) of a potentially harmful introduction for all source ports that have C1-C4 coefficients and R1-R2 factors. The ROR value for each source port represents a proportion of the threat posed against the CMT as a result of its contemporary trading pattern (June-2006 / May- 2007). After calculating the ROR s, the database generates a large output table listing the source ports and their coefficients, risk-reduction factors, and the ROR value, plus the five ROR categories used for GIS plotting and the standardised ROR (S-ROR) values.

36 GIS world map outputs showing the location and categories of relative overall risk (ROR) of the BW source ports identified for the CMT

37 BWRA and Relative Overall Risk and for CMT

38 BWRA and Relative Overall Risk and for CMT

39 Risk Assessment Results (contd.): From the164 visit records in the database, the project standard identified 6of the 54 source ports as representing the highest risk group. These ports with highest risk factor were all Mediterranean The highest risk ports were led by Ashkelon (ROR = 0.28; S-ROR = 1.0) and Haifa (ROR = 0.28; S-ROR = 0.98), followed by Sidi Kerir and Tartous with the same risk values (ROR = 0.27; S-ROR= 0,95), Fos Sur Mer (ROR=0.25; S-ROR= 0,89) and Augusta/Priola (ROR = 0.24; S-ROR= 0.84). The source port with the lowest ROR (0.02; S-ROR = 0) was Kwinana in the South Westhern Australia (Table 8). Kwinana is located near a river, and its salinity is between % 0.4 and % 0.18 depending on the seasons. The project-standard method classified 6 ports in the highest risk category, and these were all Mediterranean. This outcome was to a large part determined by the size of their environmental matching coefficients (C3), together with relatively short voyage durations (R2).

40 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Ceyhan Marine Terminal Crew Undersecretariat of Maritime Affairs Mr. Jose Matheickal THANK YOU!