The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card

Transcription

1 A Mackinac Center Report The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card By Michael Van Beek, Daniel Bowen and Jonathan Mills

2 The is a nonpartisan research and educational institute dedicated to improving the quality of life for all Michigan citizens by promoting sound solutions to state and local policy questions. The Mackinac Center assists policymakers, scholars, businesspeople, the media and the public by providing objective analysis of Michigan issues. The goal of all Center reports, commentaries and educational programs is to equip Michigan citizens and other decision makers to better evaluate policy options. The is broadening the debate on issues that have for many years been dominated by the belief that government intervention should be the standard solution. Center publications and programs, in contrast, offer an integrated and comprehensive approach that considers: All Institutions. The Center examines the important role of voluntary associations, communities, businesses and families, as well as government. All People. Mackinac Center research recognizes the diversity of Michigan citizens and treats them as individuals with unique backgrounds, circumstances and goals. All Disciplines. Center research incorporates the best understanding of economics, science, law, psychology, history and morality, moving beyond mechanical cost benefit analysis. All Times. Center research evaluates long-term consequences, not simply short-term impact. Committed to its independence, the neither seeks nor accepts any government funding. The Center enjoys the support of foundations, individuals and businesses that share a concern for Michigan s future and recognize the important role of sound ideas. The Center is a nonprofit, tax-exempt organization under Section 501(c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code. For more information on programs and publications of the, please contact: 140 West Main Street P.O. Box 568 Midland, Michigan Fax [email protected] 2012 by the, Midland, Michigan ISBN: S West Main Street P.O. Box 568 Midland, Michigan Fax [email protected]

3 The The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card By Michael Van Beek, Daniel Bowen and Jonathan Mills 2012 by the Midland, Michigan Guarantee of Quality Scholarship The is committed to delivering the highest quality and most reliable research on Michigan issues. The Center guarantees that all original factual data are true and correct and that information attributed to other sources is accurately represented. The Center encourages rigorous critique of its research. If the accuracy of any material fact or reference to an independent source is questioned and brought to the Center s attention with supporting evidence, the Center will respond in writing. If an error exists, it will be noted in an errata sheet that will accompany all subsequent distribution of the publication, which constitutes the complete and final remedy under this guarantee.

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5 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card i Contents Executive Summary...iii Introduction... 1 Why Another Report Card?... 2 Data and Methods... 3 Classifying Schools... 5 Selected Results... 6 The Complete Report Card The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical...19 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score...35 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale...49 Appendix A: Notes on Testing Other Variables and Data Integrity Appendix B: Calculating CAP Scores and Letter Grades Calculating CAP Scores...66 Assigning Letter Grades...67 Appendix C: Free and Reduced-Price Lunch Weights Appendix D: Regression Results Appendix E: Filtering the List of Michigan Public High Schools Appendix F: Locale Code Definitions About the Authors Acknowledgments... 76

6 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card ii

7 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card iii Executive Summary* * Citations provided in the main text. Assessing a high school s effectiveness is not straightforward. Comparing a school s standardized test scores to those of other schools is one approach to measuring effectiveness, but a major objection to this method is that students test scores tend to be related to students socioeconomic status family household income, for example, or parents educational background. These factors, however, are outside a school s control. The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card is an attempt to provide a better apples-to-apples comparison of public high schools by adjusting their students average standardized test scores to account for disparities in the socioeconomic status of their student populations. Socioeconomic status in the Context and Performance ( CAP ) Report Card is measured by the percentage of a school s students who qualify for a free or reduced-price lunch under the federal government s National School Lunch Program. The standardized tests used in the report card are from the Michigan Merit Examination including the ACT test taken by the schools 11thgraders from 2008 through We used regression analysis to measure the relationship between student test results and subsidized-lunch counts in Michigan s general education public high schools (schools focused on special education or alternative education were excluded from our analysis). We then determined whether each school s student population performed better or worse than projected based on the school s subsidized-lunch counts. The resulting CAP Score for a school was above 100 if the school exceeded its projected performance and below 100 if the school fell short (the statewide average CAP Score was set at 100). Grades were assigned using a standard bell curve, with 10 percent of the schools receiving an A, 20 percent receiving a B, 40 percent receiving a C, 20 percent receiving a D and 10 percent receiving an F. Star International Academy, a public charter school in Dearborn Heights, received the state s highest CAP Score at (an A), while Detroit s Finney High School had the lowest CAP Score at 70.8 (an F). North Huron School had the highest CAP Score among conventional district-run high schools: (an A). City Middle/High School in Grand Rapids received the highest CAP Score (an A) among schools that use a selective admissions policy. Following guidelines established by the U.S. Census Bureau and the National Center for Education Statistics, the high schools were divided into four major locales : city, suburb, town and rural. Public high schools located in towns had the highest average CAP Score among the four locale groups They were followed by rural (101), suburban (100) and city (98.9) high schools.

8 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card iv It is important to remember that these CAP Scores and grades are relative. Each high school is assessed based on its performance compared to other high schools in the state; CAP Scores do not indicate how well these high schools compare to those in other states or countries. Moreover, CAP Scores do not adjust for every factor that may lie outside a school s control. Nevertheless, by accounting for a major factor that is substantially related to student achievement and outside a school s control, the CAP Report Card improves the quality of information publicly available to Michigan parents, taxpayers, school officials and policymakers.

9 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 1 Introduction There are many stakeholders concerned about the performance of Michigan s public high schools. Parents of children attending these schools desire to know how their schools compare to others, especially since an increasing number of parents appear to be taking advantage of public school choice options. 1 Moreover, high school is their children s last stop before entering the workforce or starting college. High school education will have a significant impact on a child's future. Many taxpayers also desire some level of accountability over how well schools spend their resources, and public schools are Michigan s largest single state government expenditure. 2 Policymakers have similar reasons to be interested, as do school district officials and employees themselves, since high schools are typically the most expensive schools in the district. Unfortunately, judging high school performance is not a straightforward task. There are many ways to measure it, including graduation rates, college acceptance rates and standardized test results. Some of these data are not publicly available, while others are not standardized in a way that allows reliable comparisons between schools. 3 Further, an individual high school s performance can be impacted by a number of variables largely outside the school s control, such as parental involvement and the achievement of the school s students in their previous feeder schools. 4 This report card measures academic performance by using publicly available average scores on the ACT and the Michigan Merit Examination, two standardized tests that all public high schools in Michigan are required to administer every year. While the report card does not capture all the variables that might impact high school performance, it does control for what is typically found to be a key variable: student socioeconomic status. A student s socioeconomic status typically refers to such factors as his or her family s household income and parents educational background. Students from low-income families or homes where the parents have not completed high school tend to have lower levels of academic achievement than those from welleducated, high-income households. 5 This disparity is a major and legitimate reason many people resist the idea of comparing schools based solely on standardized test scores: One school may 5 For more information on the relevance of these variables, see: Pamela E. Davis-Kean, The Influence of Parent Education and Family Income on Child Achievement: The Indirect Role of Parental Expectations and the Home Environment, Journal of Family Psychology, 19, no. 2 (2005); Sean F. Reardon, The Widening Academic Achievement Gap Between the Rich and the Poor: New Evidence and Possible Explanations, in G. Duncan & R. Murnane (eds.), Whither Opportunity? Rising Inequality and the Uncertain Life Chances of Low-Income Children, New York: Russell Sage Foundation Press (2011); Bethanne M. Schlee, Ann K. Mullis, and Michael Shriner, Parents social and resource capital: Predictors of academic achievement during early childhood, Children and Youth Services Review, 31, no. 2 (2009). 1 The percentage of Michigan students enrolled in a public school other than the one assigned to them by the state grew from 6.3 percent in 2002 to 11.4 percent in Andrew Saultz and Kathryn Summers, Explaining School Choice (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, 2009), 4, goo.gl/krgvl (accessed Jan. 11, 2011). 2 According to Michigan s Senate Fiscal Agency, about 41 percent of state appropriations were spent on K-12 public schools in fiscal Authors calculations based on: State Spending From State Resources Appropriation History, (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, 2012), goo.gl/mglsf (accessed April 10, 2012); School Aid Fund Appropriation History, (Michigan Senate Fiscal Agency, 2012), (accessed April 10, 2012). 3 Examples of nonstandardized data are school grade point averages and graduation rates. A high average GPA could be the result of a school s low standards, rather than its students actual achievements. 4 For more information on the relevance of these variables, see: Eric Hanushek, The Impact of Differential Expenditures on School Performance, Educational Researcher 18, no. 4 (1989); James Griffith, Relation of Parental Involvement, Empowerment, and School Traits to Student Academic Performance, The Journal of Educational Research 90, no. 1 (1996); Endya B. Stewart, School Structural Characteristics, Student Effort, Peer Associations, and Parental Involvement: The Influence of School- and Individual-level Factors on Academic Achievement, Education and Urban Society 40, no. 2 (2008).

10 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 2 outperform another simply because its student population has a higher average socioeconomic status, not because the school is actually better at educating students. With this report card, we adjust the performance of a school s students on standardized tests to recognize the school s socioeconomic disadvantages. We call the results the Context and Performance Report Card. It is designed to be simple and straightforward, relying on the best publicly available data. This study explains and presents the report card; it does not attempt to make policy recommendations or draw policy conclusions. Like other school report cards, the Context and Performance Report Card will not provide an exhaustive or perfect measure of high school performance. We believe, however, that it does improve the quality of information that school officials, taxpayers, policymakers and parents have available to judge the performance of Michigan s public high schools. Why Another Report Card? The Michigan Department of Education already measures and produces several different reports on school performance. Assessments include the federal adequate yearly progress 6 measure, Education YES! A Yardstick for Excellent Schools, 7 Michigan School Report Card 8 and the Persistently Lowest Achieving Schools top-to-bottom school ranking. 9 Unfortunately, these assessments have several limitations. First, most of these school assessments are difficult to understand. For instance, it requires 29 pages to explain how schools are graded on the Michigan School Report Card. The Education YES! assessment comes with a 97-page description of the 40 different indicators it uses to measure school effectiveness. 10 Second, some assessments rely heavily on subjective measures. For example, the 40 performance indicators used by the Education YES! assessment are selfreported by local school officials. 11 Similarly, there is evidence that even the state school assessments based on standardized test results have not been particularly meaningful: Until recently, the cut scores 12 chosen by state officials to determine whether a school s performance would be graded as adequate appear to have been far too low. 13 For instance, 91 percent of Michigan s general education schools 14 made adequate yearly progress based on their students state exam scores, 15 and among the schools receiving a letter grade on the Michigan School Report Card, 14 Does not include alternative or special education schools. 15 Adequate yearly progress is a measure created by the U.S. No Child Left Behind Act in An individual school s AYP status is determined by its students performance on English language arts and mathematics standardized tests, as well as attendance and graduation rates. For more information, see: Purpose of AYP, (Michigan Department of Education, 2011), (accessed March 29, 2011). 6 Purpose of AYP, (Michigan Department of Education, 2011), (accessed March 29, 2011). 7 Standards for Accreditation: Education YES! A Yardstick for Excellent Schools, (Michigan State Board of Education, 2003), (accessed March 28, 2011). 8 Welcome to the Michigan School Report Card! (Michigan Department of Education, 2011), (accessed March 29, 2011) Persistently Lowest Achieving Schools, (Michigan Department of Education, 2011), (accessed July 13, 2012) Guide to Reading the Michigan School Report Cards, (Michigan Department of Education, 2012), (accessed July 13, 2012). Michigan School Improvement Framework Rubrics, (Michigan Department of Education), (accessed April 5, 2011). 11 Tom Gantert, State Gives Failing Schools Perfect Grades for Paperwork, (Michigan Capitol Confidential, 2010), VmDP6 (accessed Mar. 1, 2012). 12 Cut scores are the boundaries for each achievement classification. For example, for the 2011 Michigan Merit Examination in mathematics, a score between 1089 and 1099 means a student is partially proficient, and a score between 1100 and 1127 means a student is proficient. Michigan Merit Examination (MME): Score Categories and Scale Score Ranges," (Michigan Department of Education, 2011), (accessed March 1, 2012). 13 State officials have in fact recognized the problem of low cut scores, and in 2011 the State Board of Education raised the cut score for passing state standardized exams from 39 percent to 65 percent. See State Board Gives Nod to Improved Standards for State Assessment Scores, (Michigan Department of Education, 2011), (accessed June 26, 2012).

11 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 3 97 percent achieved an A, B or C in Only three of these schools 0.1 percent were labeled unaccredited, the equivalent of an F. 17 Further, a study by the National Center for Education Statistics showed that fourth- and eighth-grade students labeled proficient in reading and math in Michigan ranked among the worst in the nation on national assessments. 18 In addition to these shortcomings, none of these assessments adjusts for student socioeconomic status, which education researchers have consistently shown to have a significant impact on student achievement on standardized tests. 19 This factor explains more variation among schools than any other variable, including per-pupil spending, pupil-teacher ratios, teacher salaries and teacher credentials. 20 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card is relatively easy to understand and controls for the impact student socioeconomic status has on standardized test scores. This allows for fairer comparisons among Michigan high schools, since a key factor outside the schools influence is taken into account. 21 Data and Methods The research methodology used for the CAP Scores is based on a 2006 University of Arkansas study. 22 The Arkansas study used a regression analysis that enabled researchers to predict how well each school would perform given the socioeconomic makeup of their students. 23 Schools were then ranked by how well they did relative to their predicted performance. To capture the socioeconomic differences among Michigan high schools, we used headcounts of enrolled high school students who were eligible for free or reduced-price school lunches 24 through the federal National School Lunch Program. 25 FRL counts are commonly used as a proxy for 21 We tested other publicly available variables, including sex and ethnicity. These variables did not significantly improve the model. See Appendix A: Notes on Testing Other Variables and Data Integrity for more information. 22 Jay P. Greene et al., The School Performance Index in Arkansas, (University of Arkansas, 2006), (accessed March 1, 2012). 23 The Arkansas study tested several variables that are not incorporated in our model. These variables include measures of race, ethnicity, student population size and several additional district-level variables. Only a few of these variables were ultimately incorporated into the Arkansas model, however; the others were found to be statistically insignificant. For further discussions of the variables used and excluded in drawing up our model, see Appendix A: Notes on Testing Other Variables and Data Integrity. 24 These data can be found through the Center for Educational Performance and Information: Free and Reduced Lunch Counts, (Michigan Department of Education, 2011), (accessed May 15, 2012). 25 Currently, students from families with incomes equal to or below 185 percent of the federal poverty level are eligible for the program. Eligibility Manual For School Meals, (U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2008), (accessed March 22, 2011). For more information about the program, please see: National School Lunch Program, (United States Department of Agriculture), (accessed March 22, 2011). 16 Authors' calculations based on state data Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) Results: Excel file of all 2011 AYP data, (Michigan Department of Education, 2011), (accessed July 2, 2012). 17 Ibid. 18 Michigan s proficient students ranked 45th out of 48 states in fourth-grade reading, 36th out of 48 states in eighth-grade reading, 46th out of 48 states in fourth-grade math and 38th out of 47 states in eighth-grade math. Victor Bandeira de Mello, Charles Blankenship, and Don McLaughlin, Mapping State Proficiency Standards Onto NAEP Scales: , (National Center for Education Statistics, 2009), 17, 20, (accessed April 5, 2011). Additionally, Michigan received an F in math and a D in reading on its fourth- and eighth-grade proficiency standards in an Education Next study. Paul E. Peterson and Carlos Xabel Lastra-Anadon, State Standards Rise in Reading, Fall in Math, Education Next 10, no. 4 (2010) (accessed June 28, 2012). 19 The foundational study on this subject is James S. Coleman et al., Equality of Educational Opportunity (Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office for the National Center for Education Statistics, 1966). Laura B. Perry and Andrew McConney summarize the research this way: It is well established in the research literature that socioeconomically disadvantaged students and schools do less well on standardized measures of academic achievement compared with their more advantaged peers. Laura B. Perry and Andrew McConney, Does the SES of the School Matter? An Examination of Socioeconomic Status and Student Achievement Using PISA 2003, Teacher College Record 112, no. 4 (2010). 20 For a summary of the research on this point, see: Eric Hanushek, The Failure of Input-Based Schooling Policies, The Economic Journal 113, (February 2003), (accessed April 10, 2012).

12 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 4 socioeconomic status in education research. 26 Consistent with past studies of student achievement, the statistical results from our analysis show that FRL counts are negatively correlated to average academic achievement. 27 In other words, the higher the percentage of a high school s students eligible for a free or reduced lunch, the lower that high school s average score on standardized tests tends to be. Note that students qualifying for free lunches were weighted more heavily than students qualifying for reduced-price lunches in order to better capture disparities in socioeconomic status. This differential weighting did in fact improve the statistical model s explanatory power. 28 Academic performance was measured by average high school scores from the 2008 through 2011 Michigan Merit Examinations. State law requires that the MME be administered to all 11th-graders enrolled in public schools as a condition of receiving state aid. 29 The MME is made up of five different subject tests and the ACT test, a college admissions exam created by ACT Inc., an independent, nonprofit organization. 30 Both the MME subject tests and ACT test assess student achievement in math, reading, writing and science. The ACT test also produces English, English+Writing and an overall composite score. 31 The MME also includes subject tests in social studies, but does not produce an overall average composite score. 32 There is a strong correlation between a high school s average scores on MME subject tests and ACT subject tests in math, reading, writing and science. For this reason, and in the interest of simplifying the model, we used only average ACT composite scores 33 and average MME subject scores in math, reading, science, writing and social studies. Each school s actual academic performance was compared to its predicted performance in the ACT composite and in each of the five MME subject areas for each of the four years. The 24 results from these calculations were then averaged to produce an overall score for each school. These scores were multiplied by 100 to produce an easily comparable Context and Performance Score for each of the 592 high schools for which data were available. Through the remainder of the text, we will refer to this overall measure as the CAP Score. Hence, a CAP Score below 100 indicates that a high school s average score is below its predicted level based on FRL counts, while a CAP Score above 100 means a high school s average score exceeds its predicted level based on FRL counts Even if a school s overall average CAP Score was below 100, it s possible that its CAP Score in some subject areas exceeded the predicted achievement based on the socioeconomic makeup of its students. 26 One note concerning free and reduced-price lunch counts: It is theoretically possible that certain high schools are more successful at identifying and reporting students as being eligible for the National School Lunch Program. If these schools also systematically tend to perform differently from other high schools, the inclusion of FRL eligibility in our model may lead to classification bias. The extent to which this happens is unknown. Ultimately, we chose FRL eligibility because it is the best available proxy for student socioeconomic status available. 27 Estimated coefficients range between and See Graphic 18 in Appendix D: Regression Results. 28 The weighting for students eligible for free lunches was double that for students eligible for reduced-price lunches. This approach is not firmly established in the research literature, but it does have advantages over an unweighted count of FRL students, since an unweighted count effectively assigns equal weights to students from households that may have significantly different income levels. See Appendix C: Free and Reduced-Price Lunch Weights for more information. 29 MCL b. Districts must also administer the MME to 12thgraders who did not take the test as 11th-graders. 30 For more information, see: History of ACT, (ACT Inc., 2012), (accessed April 10, 2012). 31 "Writing Test Scores," (ACT Inc., 2012), (accessed July 13, 2012); Understand your scores, (ACT Inc., 2012), gl/nmt2j (accessed July 13, 2011). 32 Michigan Merit Examination: Guide to Reports, (Michigan Department of Education, 2011), 8-9, (accessed April 8, 2011). 33 The ACT composite score is an average of a student s English, mathematics, reading and science scores. Understand your scores, (ACT Inc., 2011), (accessed April 8, 2011).

13 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 5 Letter grades were assigned to each overall CAP Score. The letter grades were based on a standard bell curve distribution, with 10 percent of the schools receiving A s, 20 percent receiving B s, 40 percent receiving C s, 20 percent receiving D s and 10 percent receiving F s. 35 These grades and CAP Scores are relative in other words, they are not based on an absolute standard of academic performance. Instead, they indicate how each high school compares to other high schools on standardized tests given the schools respective student populations. By definition, the average of the scores for all of the public high schools in the state will be 100, corresponding to a C. Finally, a percentile rank was also calculated for each CAP Score. This rank shows what percentage of high schools had lower CAP Scores than any particular school. This, too, provides an easy method for comparing high schools. Classifying Schools As noted in the previous section, FRL counts are a significant predictor of a high school s average academic performance. Nevertheless, a school s locale urban, suburban, town or rural may be related to its performance. Hence, in the tables below, each school s locale is included, and the four locale classifications are further subdivided into three subgroups apiece: large cities, midsize cities and small cities; large suburbs, midsize suburbs and small suburbs; fringe towns, distant towns and remote towns; and fringe rural, distant rural and remote rural. 36 The use of these locale classifications will help indicate any systematic achievement gaps that may arise among schools based on their type of community. 35 For more discussion of the process of calculating CAP Scores and letter grades, see Appendix B: Calculating CAP Scores and Letter Grades. 36 The locale codes are based on U.S. Census Bureau classifications and assigned by the National Center for Education Statistics. See Appendix F: Locale Code Definitions for more information. Tai Phan and Mark Glander, Documentation to the NCES Common Core of Data Local Education Agency Locale Code File: School Year (National Center for Education Statistics, 2007), (accessed Feb. 22, 2011). 37 There are several other differences between charter public schools and district-run schools. Charter schools can operate any grade configuration from kindergarten through 12th grade. They are often managed by private contractors and are exempt from the state s requirement to grant teachers tenure. Some public high schools in Michigan use selective admissions policies that require students to meet certain academic requirements in order to enroll. Average test scores from these selective schools are often higher than those from schools without such policies. The names of such selective public high schools are listed as selective in our CAP Score tables. Charter public high schools, known legally as public school academies, operate somewhat differently from conventional district-run high schools. Charter schools are individually managed and rely entirely on parents to choose to enroll their children there, rather than at conventional high schools. 37 Charter public high schools are labeled charter in our CAP Score tables. Conventional districtrun high schools, in contrast, are labeled conventional. Not all high schools have four years of data publicly available in each standardized test subject. Average CAP Scores were still calculated for these schools, but their names are marked with a dagger.

14 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 6 Selected Results The CAP Scores for 684 Michigan public high schools appear in the next section (see The Complete Report Card ), where the schools are listed first alphabetically, then by score and then by locale. Note that the results listed in that section as throughout this study exclude public high schools that focus on special education or alternative education. Immediately below are tables displaying selected results from the analysis. These results are generally the highest- and lowest-performing schools based on CAP Score. Graphic 1 lists the public high schools with the 20 highest CAP Scores in the state. Public charter schools and district-run selective admissions schools account for 12 of the top 20. Although city high schools had the lowest average CAP Scores among the locale groups, 11 of the top 20 public high schools are located in cities. Conversely, only one town high school made the list of the top 20 CAP Scores, despite the fact that town high schools had the highest average CAP Scores of the four locale groups. Graphic 1: Top 20 Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Star International Academy Charter Dearborn Heights Suburb: Large A 2 Cesar Chavez High School Charter Detroit City: Large A 3 Universal Academy Charter Detroit City: Large A 4 City Middle/High School Selective Grand Rapids City: Midsize A 5 International Academy Selective Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large A 6 Excel Charter Academy-Grand River Prep School Charter Kentwood Suburb: Large A 7 North Huron School Conventional North Huron Rural: Distant A 8 International Academy of Flint Charter Flint City: Midsize A 9 Genesee Early College Selective Flint City: Midsize A 10 Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy Selective Saginaw City: Small A 11 Riverside Academy-West Campus Charter Dearborn City: Small A 12 Baldwin Sr High School Conventional Baldwin Rural: Remote A 13 Lee High School Conventional Godfrey-Lee City: Small A 14 Mio AuSable High School Conventional Mio AuSable Rural: Remote A 15 Jeffers High School Conventional Adams Township Rural: Distant A 16 Renaissance High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 17 Covert High School Conventional Covert Rural: Distant A 18 Kelloggsville High School Conventional Kelloggsville City: Small A 19 Classical Academy Selective Flint City: Midsize A 20 Calumet High School Conventional Calumet Town: Remote A

15 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 7 The list of the 20 lowest CAP Scores is disproportionately populated by city high schools 17 of the 20 (see Graphic 2). More than half of the bottom 20 are in Detroit. Suburban, town and rural locales each had only one high school among the 20 lowest performers. Six of the lowest-performing high schools were charter public schools. Graphic 2: Bottom 20 Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Finney High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 2 Detroit City High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 3 Dream Academy Charter Benton Harbor City: Small F 4 Denby High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 5 Cody College Preparatory Upper School of Teaching and Learning Conventional Detroit City: Large F 6 Pershing High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 7 Creative Technologies Academy Charter Cedar Springs Town: Fringe F 8 Kettering High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 9 Northwestern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 10 Central High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 11 Mumford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 12 Osborn Upper School of Global Communications and Culture Conventional Detroit City: Large F 13 Bradford Academy Charter Southfield City: Small F 14 Pontiac High School Conventional Pontiac City: Small F 15 Conner Creek Academy East- Michigan Collegiate High Charter Warren City: Midsize F 16 Kensington Woods High School Charter Howell Suburb: Midsize F 17 Northern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 18 Buena Vista High School Conventional Buena Vista Rural: Fringe F 19 Detroit Academy of Arts and Sciences High School Charter Detroit City: Large F 20 Southwestern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F in the model. The subsequent removal of these schools from our graphics means that the percent rank of the school with the lowest CAP Score is not zero.

16 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 8 Graphic 3 displays the top 25 CAP Scores among conventional public high schools that is, public high schools excluding charter schools and selective schools. Three of the top 10 are located in cities, and six in rural areas. Only three town high schools made the top 25, and no suburban high school made the list. Graphic 3: Top 25 Conventional Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 North Huron School Conventional North Huron Rural: Distant A 2 Baldwin Sr High School Conventional Baldwin Rural: Remote A 3 Lee High School Conventional Godfrey-Lee City: Small A 4 Mio AuSable High School Conventional Mio AuSable Rural: Remote A 5 Jeffers High School Conventional Adams Township Rural: Distant A 6 Covert High School Conventional Covert Rural: Distant A 7 Kelloggsville High School Conventional Kelloggsville City: Small A 8 Calumet High School Conventional Calumet Town: Remote A 9 Holland High School Conventional Holland City: Small A 10 Benzie Central Sr High School Conventional Benzie County Central Rural: Remote A 11 Fairview High School Conventional Fairview Rural: Remote A 12 Okemos High School Conventional Okemos Rural: Fringe A 13 Muskegon High School Conventional Muskegon City: Small A 14 Lawton High School Conventional Lawton Rural: Fringe A 15 Bloomingdale Middle and High School Conventional Bloomingdale Rural: Distant A 16 Whittemore-Prescott Area High School Conventional Whittemore- Prescott Rural: Remote A 17 H.H. Dow High School Conventional Midland Town: Distant A 18 Huron High School Conventional Ann Arbor City: Midsize A 19 Gwinn High School Conventional Gwinn Rural: Remote A 20 White Cloud High School Conventional White Cloud Rural: Distant A 21 Spring Lake High School Conventional Spring Lake Rural: Fringe A 22 Grayling High School Conventional Crawford AuSable Rural: Fringe A 23 Watervliet Sr High School Conventional Watervliet Town: Fringe A 24 Brethren High School Conventional Kaleva Norman Dickson Rural: Remote A 25 Shelby High School Conventional Shelby Rural: Distant A

17 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 9 Graphic 4 shows that 17 of the 25 lowest-performing conventional public high schools based on CAP Scores are located in cities. Thirteen of these are in Detroit. No town high school made the list. Graphic 4: Bottom 25 Conventional Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Finney High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 2 Detroit City High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 3 Denby High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 4 Cody College Preparatory Upper School of Teaching and Learning Conventional Detroit City: Large F 5 Pershing High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 6 Kettering High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 7 Northwestern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 8 Central High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 9 Mumford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 10 Osborn Upper School of Global Communications and Culture Conventional Detroit City: Large F 11 Pontiac High School Conventional Pontiac City: Small F 12 Northern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 13 Buena Vista High School Conventional Buena Vista Rural: Fringe F 14 Southwestern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 15 Southeastern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 16 Ford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 17 Northwestern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 18 Muskegon Heights High School Conventional Muskegon Heights Suburb: Midsize F 19 Highland Park Community High School Conventional Highland Park Suburb: Large F 20 Ecorse Community High School Conventional Ecorse Suburb: Large F 21 Lincoln Sr High School Conventional Lincoln Rural: Fringe F 22 Summerfield High School Conventional Summerfield Rural: Distant F 23 Saginaw High School Conventional Saginaw City: Small F 24 Jefferson High School Conventional Jefferson (Monroe) Rural: Fringe F 25 Whiteford High School Conventional Whiteford Agricultural Rural: Fringe F in the model. The subsequent removal of these schools from our graphics means that the percent rank of the school with the lowest CAP Score is not zero.

18 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 10 Graphic 5 displays the top 10 CAP Scores for charter public high schools. A town high school appears on the list, even though only four of Michigan s charter public high schools are located in town and rural areas. There is a significant difference between CAP Scores of the top three charters and the next three, with a difference of 10.5 points in CAP Scores between the third- and fourth-best performing charter public high schools. Nevertheless, the top four charter schools had higher CAP Scores than any conventional public high school. Four of the top six charter public schools did not have a full four years of data, however. Graphic 5: Top 10 Charter Public Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Star International Academy Charter Dearborn Heights Suburb: Large A 2 Cesar Chavez High School Charter Detroit City: Large A 3 Universal Academy Charter Detroit City: Large A 4 Excel Charter Academy- Grand River Prep School Charter Kentwood Suburb: Large A 5 International Academy of Flint Charter Flint City: Midsize A 6 Riverside Academy-West Campus Charter Dearborn City: Small A 7 West Michigan Academy of Environmental Science Charter Grand Rapids Suburb: Large A 8 Crossroads Charter Academy Charter Big Rapids Town: Remote B 9 Pontiac Academy for Excellence High School Charter Pontiac City: Small B 10 Frontier International Academy Charter Hamtramck Suburb: Large B Graphic 6 shows the 10 lowest CAP Scores among charter public high schools. Note that four of the schools on the list lacked the full four years of data. Just as with the list of the top CAP Scores for charter schools, the list of lowest CAP Scores includes one of the four charter high schools located in town and rural areas. The charter public high schools with the six lowest CAP Scores were among the lowest-scoring public high schools overall (see Graphic 2).

19 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 11 Graphic 6: Bottom 10 Charter Public Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Dream Academy Charter Benton Harbor City: Small F 2 Creative Technologies Academy Charter Cedar Springs Town: Fringe F 3 Bradford Academy Charter Southfield City: Small F 4 Conner Creek Academy East- Michigan Collegiate High Charter Warren City: Midsize F 5 Kensington Woods High School Charter Howell Suburb: Midsize F Detroit Academy of Arts and Sciences High School Charter Detroit City: Large F Plymouth Educational Center Preparatory High School Charter Detroit City: Large F Detroit Community Schools High School Charter Detroit City: Large F 9 Arts Academy in the Woods Charter Fraser Suburb: Large F 10 Summit Academy North High School Charter Romulus Suburb: Large F We identified only 11 selective public high schools that is, schools that admit only those students who meet certain academic standards. The CAP Scores of these selective schools are listed in Graphic 7 below. These scores are among the highest in the state. Given the schools selective policies, this may be unsurprising; at the same time, however, the CAP Score attempts to correct for any socioeconomic advantage these schools may have gained through their selective admissions policies. Based on CAP Scores, six charter public high schools and 31 conventional public high schools outperformed the 10th-best selective admissions school. Nine of the 11 selective public high schools are in city areas; only two are suburban schools; and none are located in towns or rural areas. Graphic 7: Overall CAP Scores for Selective Public High Schools Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 City Middle/High School Selective Grand Rapids City: Midsize A 2 International Academy Selective Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large A 3 Genesee Early College Selective Flint City: Midsize A 4 Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy Selective Saginaw City: Small A 5 Renaissance High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 6 Classical Academy Selective Flint City: Midsize A 7 Cass Technical High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 8 Davis Aerospace High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 9 Henry Ford Early College Selective Dearborn Suburb: Large A 10 Mott Middle College High School Selective Flint City: Midsize A 11 University High School Academy Selective Southfield City: Small B

20 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 12 The remaining tables in the main text Graphic 8 through Graphic 16 discuss the CAP Scores of public high schools based on their locale. Of the four major locale groups, town high schools had the highest average CAP Score, followed closely by those in rural areas (see Graphic 8). On average, high schools in both of these locale groups exceeded their predicted performance based on their students socioeconomic status, while those in suburban and city locales did not. Public high schools in remote rural areas had the highest average CAP Scores among the 12 locale subgroups, followed by remote town high schools. Although city public high schools had the lowest average CAP Score of these four groups, public high schools in small and midsize cities had average CAP Scores that exceeded not only their predicted performance (100), but the CAP Score averages for any of the suburban locale subgroups as well. Graphic 8: Average Overall CAP Score by Locale Group Locale Number of Schools Overall CAP Score City: Large City: Midsize City: Small City: All Suburb: Large Suburb: Midsize Suburb: Small Suburb: All Town: Fringe Town: Distant Town: Remote Town: All Rural: Fringe Rural: Distant Rural: Remote Rural: All Graphic 9 lists the top 10 percent of CAP Scores for city public high schools. Ten of these 13 schools are located in small or midsize cities. However, the top two schools are both in the only classified large city: Detroit. Both charters and selective admissions schools are more likely to be located in cities, and these types of schools dominate the top 10 percent of city high schools.

21 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 13 Graphic 9: Top 10 Percent of City Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Cesar Chavez High School Charter Detroit City: Large A 2 Universal Academy Charter Detroit City: Large A 3 City Middle/High School Selective Grand Rapids City: Midsize A 4 International Academy of Flint Charter Flint City: Midsize A 5 Genesee Early College Selective Flint City: Midsize A 6 Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy Selective Saginaw City: Small A 7 Riverside Academy-West Campus Charter Dearborn City: Small A 8 Lee High School Conventional Godfrey-Lee City: Small A 9 Renaissance High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 10 Kelloggsville High School Conventional Kelloggsville City: Small A 11 Classical Academy Selective Flint City: Midsize A 12 Holland High School Conventional Holland City: Small A 13 Muskegon High School Conventional Muskegon City: Small A The lowest CAP Scores for city public high schools appear in Graphic 10. The majority of the schools on the list are in Detroit and are thus classified as large city schools. Two schools on this list are charter schools. Graphic 10: Bottom 10 Percent of City Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Finney High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 2 Detroit City High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 3 Dream Academy Charter Benton Harbor City: Small F 4 Denby High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 5 Cody College Preparatory Upper School of Teaching and Learning Conventional Detroit City: Large F 6 Pershing High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 7 Kettering High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 8 Northwestern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 9 Central High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 10 Mumford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 11 Osborn Upper School of Global Communications and Culture Conventional Detroit City: Large F 12 Bradford Academy Charter Southfield City: Small F 13 Pontiac High School Conventional Pontiac City: Small F in the model. The subsequent removal of these schools from our graphics means that the percent rank of the school with the lowest CAP Score is not zero.

22 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 14 Graphic 11 shows that just as with city public high schools, the suburban public high schools with the highest CAP Scores were charter schools and selective admissions schools. Three-quarters of the top 10 percent are in large suburbs, but 81 percent of suburban public high schools are in large suburbs, so this outcome is not surprising. The top three CAP Scores among suburban public high schools stand out compared to the CAP Scores of their peers: They are at least 12 points higher than those of any other suburban public high school. Graphic 11: Top 10 Percent of Suburban Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Star International Academy Charter Dearborn Heights Suburb: Large A 2 International Academy Selective Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large A 3 Excel Charter Academy-Grand River Prep School Charter Kentwood Suburb: Large A 4 Henry Ford Early College Selective Dearborn Suburb: Large A 5 West Michigan Academy of Environmental Science Charter Grand Rapids Suburb: Large A 6 North Muskegon High School Conventional North Muskegon Suburb: Midsize A 7 Comstock High School Conventional Comstock Suburb: Midsize A 8 Grand Haven High School Conventional Grand Haven Suburb: Midsize A 9 Bendle High School Conventional Bendle Suburb: Large B 10 Skyline High School Conventional Ann Arbor Suburb: Large B 11 Grosse Pointe South High School Conventional Grosse Pointe Suburb: Large B 12 Central High School Conventional Forest Hills Suburb: Large B 13 West Ottawa High School Campus Conventional West Ottawa Suburb: Small B 14 East Grand Rapids High School Conventional East Grand Rapids Suburb: Large B 15 Frontier International Academy Charter Hamtramck Suburb: Large B 16 HEART Academy Charter Harper Woods Suburb: Large B Graphic 12 shows the lowest 10 percent of CAP Scores for suburban public high schools. The schools with the two lowest scores on the list were in midsize suburbs. The rest of the low CAP Scores occurred in large suburbs. Two of the lowest scores came from public high schools in the Chippewa Valley school district.

23 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 15 Graphic 12: Bottom 10 Percent of Suburban Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Kensington Woods High School Charter Howell Suburb: Midsize F 2 Muskegon Heights High School Conventional Muskegon Heights Suburb: Midsize F 3 Highland Park Community High School Conventional Highland Park Suburb: Large F 4 Ecorse Community High School Conventional Ecorse Suburb: Large F 5 Arts Academy in the Woods Charter Fraser Suburb: Large F 6 Summit Academy North High School Charter Romulus Suburb: Large F 7 Southfield-Lathrup High School Conventional Southfield Suburb: Large F 8 Belleville High School Conventional Van Buren Suburb: Large F 9 Dakota High School Conventional Chippewa Valley Suburb: Large F 10 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Macomb) Suburb: Large F 11 New Haven High School Conventional New Haven Suburb: Large F 12 Beecher High School Conventional Beecher Suburb: Large D 13 River Rouge High School Conventional River Rouge Suburb: Large D 14 Chippewa Valley High School Conventional Chippewa Valley Suburb: Large D 15 Lamphere High School Conventional Lamphere Suburb: Large D 16 Waverly Sr High School Conventional Waverly Suburb: Large D Public high schools in remote towns made up half of the top 10 percent of town public high schools based on CAP Scores (see Graphic 13). One of the two town charter high schools was among the top eight in the graphic. The Midland school district had two high schools among the top 10 percent of town public high schools based on CAP Scores. Graphic 13: Top 10 Percent of Town Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Calumet High School Conventional Calumet Town: Remote A 2 H.H. Dow High School Conventional Midland Town: Distant A 3 Watervliet Sr High School Conventional Watervliet Town: Fringe A 4 South Haven High School Conventional South Haven Town: Distant A 5 Ishpeming High School Conventional Ishpeming Town: Remote A 6 Crossroads Charter Academy Charter Big Rapids Town: Remote B 7 Midland High School Conventional Midland Town: Distant B 8 West Iron County High School Conventional West Iron County Town: Remote B

24 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 16 Graphic 14 shows the bottom 10 percent of CAP Scores for town public high schools. Although there are only two town charter public high schools, one of them had the lowest CAP Score among the 79 town public high schools. More than half of the schools on the list were in fringe towns; none was in a remote town. Graphic 14: Bottom 10 Percent of Town Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Creative Technologies Academy Charter Cedar Springs Town: Fringe F 2 Richmond Community High School Conventional Richmond Town: Fringe F 3 Coloma High School Conventional Coloma Town: Fringe D 4 Webberville High School Conventional Webberville Town: Fringe D 5 Dundee Community High School Conventional Dundee Town: Distant D 6 Durand Area High School Conventional Durand Town: Fringe D 7 Wayland High School Conventional Wayland Union Town: Distant D 8 Carson City-Crystal High School Conventional Carson City-Crystal Town: Distant D As Graphic 15 shows, there was a healthy mix of the three different locale subgroups among the best performing rural public high schools based on CAP Scores. Seven among the top 10 percent of rural public high schools were located in fringe rural areas; eight were in distant rural areas; and nine, in remote rural areas. Within this mix, remote rural schools were disproportionately represented; nearly a quarter of them made the top 10 percent of rural public high schools based on CAP Scores.

25 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 17 Graphic 15: Top 10 Percent of Rural Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 North Huron School Conventional North Huron Rural: Distant A 2 Baldwin Sr High School Conventional Baldwin Rural: Remote A 3 Mio AuSable High School Conventional Mio AuSable Rural: Remote A 4 Jeffers High School Conventional Adams Township Rural: Distant A 5 Covert High School Conventional Covert Rural: Distant A 6 Benzie Central Sr High School Conventional Benzie County Central Rural: Remote A 7 Fairview High School Conventional Fairview Rural: Remote A 8 Okemos High School Conventional Okemos Rural: Fringe A 9 Lawton High School Conventional Lawton Rural: Fringe A 10 Bloomingdale Middle and High School Conventional Bloomingdale Rural: Distant A 11 Whittemore-Prescott Area High School Conventional Whittemore- Prescott Rural: Remote A 12 Gwinn High School Conventional Gwinn Rural: Remote A 13 White Cloud High School Conventional White Cloud Rural: Distant A 14 Spring Lake High School Conventional Spring Lake Rural: Fringe A 15 Grayling High School Conventional Crawford AuSable Rural: Fringe A 16 Brethren High School Conventional Kaleva Norman Dickson Rural: Remote A 17 Shelby High School Conventional Shelby Rural: Distant A 18 Forest Area High School Conventional Forest Rural: Remote A 19 Houghton Central High School Conventional Houghton- Portage Township Rural: Fringe A 20 Harbor Beach Community High School Conventional Harbor Beach Rural: Remote A 21 Roscommon High School Conventional Roscommon Rural: Distant A 22 Lake City High School Conventional Lake City Rural: Distant A 23 Cass City High School Conventional Cass City Rural: Fringe A 24 Hancock Central High School Conventional Hancock Rural: Fringe A Unlike the list of rural public high schools with high CAP Scores in Graphic 15, the list of rural public high schools with the lowest CAP Scores is dominated by fringe and distant rural schools (see Graphic 16). Only one remote rural high school made the list.

26 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 18 Graphic 16: Bottom 10 Percent of Rural Public High Schools Based on Overall CAP Score Rank High School School Type District or Locale Municipality 1 Buena Vista High School Conventional Buena Vista Rural: Fringe F 2 Lincoln Sr High School Conventional Lincoln Rural: Fringe F 3 Summerfield High School Conventional Summerfield Rural: Distant F 4 Jefferson High School Conventional Jefferson (Monroe) Rural: Fringe F 5 Whiteford High School Conventional Whiteford Agricultural Rural: Fringe F 6 Morrice Area High School Conventional Morrice Rural: Fringe F 7 Kent City High School Conventional Kent City Rural: Fringe F 8 Grass Lake High School Conventional Grass Lake Rural: Distant F 9 Armada High School Conventional Armada Rural: Distant F 10 Britton-Macon Area School Conventional Britton-Macon Rural: Distant F 11 Airport Sr High School Conventional Airport Rural: Fringe F 12 Potterville High School Conventional Potterville Rural: Fringe F 13 Harper Creek High School Conventional Harper Creek Rural: Fringe F 14 Bellevue Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bellevue Rural: Distant F 15 Milan High School Conventional Milan Rural: Fringe D 16 Climax-Scotts High School Conventional Climax-Scotts Rural: Fringe D 17 Grant High School Conventional Grant Rural: Distant D 18 Almont High School Conventional Almont Rural: Fringe D 19 North Adams High School Conventional North Adams- Jerome Rural: Distant D 20 Sand Creek High School Conventional Sand Creek Rural: Distant D 21 Onsted Community High School Conventional Onsted Rural: Distant D 22 Northwest High School Conventional Northwest Rural: Fringe D 23 Marion High School Conventional Marion Rural: Remote D 24 Tri-Township School Conventional Rapid River Rural: Distant D The Complete Report Card Below are the CAP Scores for all of Michigan s general education public high schools for which data were publicly available. The schools are listed in alphabetical order. Recall that CAP Scores above 100 indicate schools that have performed better than projected on standardized tests given their student population s socioeconomic status; CAP Scores below 100 indicate schools that have performed worse than projected. Also recall that a school s percent rank indicates the percentage of other schools that scored lower, and that grades were assigned to the schools CAP Scores based on a standard bell curve.

27 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 19 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 132 A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bessemer Rural: Distant B 364 Academy for Business and Technology High School Charter Melvindale Suburb: Large C 410 Addison Jr/Sr High School Conventional Addison Rural: Distant C * Adelante High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize * * * 461 Adlai Stevenson High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large D 129 Advanced Technology Academy Charter Dearborn City: Small B 400 AGBU Alex-Marie Manoogian School Charter Southfield City: Small C 545 Airport Sr High School Conventional Airport Rural: Fringe F * Aisha Shule/WEB Dubois Prep. Academy School Charter Detroit City: Large * * * * Akron-Fairgrove Jr/Sr High School Conventional Akron-Fairgrove Rural: Distant * * * * Alanson Public School Conventional Alanson Rural: Distant * * * * Alba School Conventional Alba Rural: Remote * * * 144 Albion High School Conventional Albion Town: Distant B 247 Alcona Community High School Conventional Alcona Rural: Distant C 347 Algonac High School Conventional Algonac Suburb: Large C 475 Allen Academy Charter Detroit City: Large D 456 Allen Park High School Conventional Allen Park Suburb: Large D 325 Allendale High School Conventional Allendale Suburb: Large C 319 Alma Sr High School Conventional Alma Town: Distant C 519 Almont High School Conventional Almont Rural: Fringe D 242 Alpena High School Conventional Alpena Town: Remote C 489 Anchor Bay High School Conventional Anchor Bay Rural: Fringe D 119 Annapolis High School Conventional Dearborn Heights #7 Suburb: Large B * Arenac Eastern Middle/High School Conventional Arenac Eastern Rural: Remote * * * 547 Armada High School Conventional Armada Rural: Distant F 137 Arthur Hill High School Conventional Saginaw City: Small B 551 Arts Academy in the Woods Charter Fraser Suburb: Large F * Ashley High School Conventional Ashley Rural: Distant * * * 379 Athens High School Conventional Athens Rural: Distant C 213 Athens High School Conventional Troy City: Small C 415 Atherton High School Conventional Atherton Suburb: Large C * Atlanta Community Schools Conventional Atlanta Rural: Remote * * * * Au Gres-Sims Middle and High School Conventional Au Gres-Sims Rural: Distant * * * 326 Avondale High School Conventional Avondale Suburb: Large C 107 Bad Axe High School Conventional Bad Axe Rural: Fringe B 12 Baldwin Sr High School Conventional Baldwin Rural: Remote A 135 Bangor High School Conventional Bangor Rural: Distant B 356 Baraga Area High School Conventional Baraga Rural: Remote C 167 Bark River-Harris Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bark River-Harris Rural: Remote B 488 Bath High School Conventional Bath Rural: Fringe D 275 Battle Creek Central High School Conventional Battle Creek City: Small C 256 Bay City Central High School Conventional Bay City City: Small C

28 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 20 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 425 Bay City Western High School Conventional Bay City Town: Distant D * Bay-Arenac Community High School Charter Essexville Suburb: Small * * * 269 Beal City High School Conventional Beal City Rural: Distant C * Bear Lake High School Conventional Bear Lake Rural: Remote * * * * Beaver Island Community School Conventional Beaver Island Rural: Remote * * * 449 Beaverton High School Conventional Beaverton Rural Rural: Distant D 464 Bedford Sr High School Conventional Bedford Suburb: Large D 531 Beecher High School Conventional Beecher Suburb: Large D 186 Belding High School Conventional Belding Town: Distant C 398 Bellaire Middle/High School Conventional Bellaire Rural: Remote C 540 Belleville High School Conventional Van Buren Suburb: Large F 535 Bellevue Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bellevue Rural: Distant F 66 Bendle High School Conventional Bendle Suburb: Large B 375 Bentley Sr High School Conventional Bentley Suburb: Large C 495 Benton Harbor High School Conventional Benton Harbor City: Small D 22 Benzie Central Sr High School Conventional Benzie County Central Rural: Remote A 310 Berkley High School Conventional Berkley Suburb: Large C 123 Berrien Springs High School Conventional Berrien Springs Town: Fringe B * Big Bay De Noc School Conventional Big Bay De Noc Rural: Remote * * * 85 Big Rapids High School Conventional Big Rapids Rural: Fringe B 433 Birch Run High School Conventional Birch Run Rural: Fringe D 84 Black River Public School Charter Holland City: Small B 323 Blissfield High School Conventional Blissfield Town: Distant C 90 Bloomfield Hills Andover High School Conventional Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large B 240 Bloomfield Hills Lahser High School Conventional Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large C 27 Bloomingdale Middle and High School Conventional Bloomingdale Rural: Distant A 143 Boyne City High School Conventional Boyne Town: Remote B * Boyne Falls Public School Conventional Boyne Falls Rural: Fringe * * * 573 Bradford Academy Charter Southfield City: Small F 369 Brandon High School Conventional Brandon Rural: Fringe C 476 Brandywine Sr High School Conventional Brandywine Suburb: Large D 389 Breckenridge High School Conventional Breckenridge Rural: Distant C 39 Brethren High School Conventional Kaleva Norman Dickson Rural: Remote A 295 Bridgeport High School Conventional Bridgeport-Spaulding Rural: Fringe C 340 Bridgman High School Conventional Bridgman Rural: Fringe C 244 Brighton High School Conventional Brighton Suburb: Midsize C 272 Brimley Jr/Sr High Conventional Brimley Rural: Distant C 546 Britton-Macon Area School Conventional Britton-Macon Rural: Distant F 380 Bronson Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bronson Rural: Distant C 181 Brown City High School Conventional Brown City Rural: Distant C 405 Buchanan High School Conventional Buchanan Suburb: Large C * Buckley Community Schools Conventional Buckley Rural: Remote * * * 568 Buena Vista High School Conventional Buena Vista Rural: Fringe F 291 Bullock Creek High School Conventional Bullock Creek Rural: Fringe C * Burr Oak High School Conventional Burr Oak Rural: Distant * * *

29 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 21 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical * Burt Township School Conventional Burt Township Rural: Remote * * * 431 Byron Area High School Conventional Byron Rural: Distant D * Byron Center Charter School Charter Byron Center Rural: Fringe * * * 227 Byron Center High School Conventional Byron Center Rural: Fringe C 133 Cadillac Sr High School Conventional Cadillac Town: Remote B 294 Caledonia High School Conventional Caledonia Rural: Fringe C 20 Calumet High School Conventional Calumet Town: Remote A 384 Camden-Frontier High School Conventional Camden-Frontier Rural: Remote C 169 Canton High School Conventional Plymouth-Canton Suburb: Large B 371 Capac High School Conventional Capac Rural: Distant C 208 Carman-Ainsworth High School Conventional Carman-Ainsworth Suburb: Large C * Carney-Nadeau School Conventional Carney-Nadeau Rural: Remote * * * 131 Caro High School Conventional Caro Town: Distant B 368 Carrollton High School Conventional Carrollton Suburb: Midsize C 471 Carson City-Crystal High School Conventional Carson City-Crystal Town: Distant D 75 Carsonville-Port Sanilac High School Conventional Carsonville-Port Sanilac Rural: Distant B * Casa Richard Academy Charter Detroit City: Large * * * * Caseville High School Conventional Caseville Rural: Remote * * * 54 Cass City High School Conventional Cass City Rural: Fringe A 29 Cass Technical High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 219 Cedar Springs High School Conventional Cedar Springs Town: Fringe C * Cedarville High School Conventional Les Cheneaux Rural: Remote * * * 163 Center Line High School Conventional Center Line Suburb: Large B * Central Academy Charter Ann Arbor City: Midsize * * * 576 Central High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 88 Central High School Conventional Traverse City Town: Remote B 76 Central High School Conventional Forest Hills Suburb: Large B 63 Central High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize B 145 Central Lake Public School Conventional Central Lake Rural: Remote B 238 Central Montcalm High School Conventional Central Montcalm Rural: Distant C 253 Centreville High School Conventional Centreville Rural: Distant C 2 Cesar Chavez High School Charter Detroit City: Large A 160 Chandler Park Academy High School Charter Harper Woods Suburb: Large B 204 Charlevoix High School Conventional Charlevoix Rural: Fringe C 397 Charlotte Sr High School Conventional Charlotte Town: Distant C * Charyl Stockwell Academy High School Charter Hartland Suburb: Large * * * * Chassell K-12 School Conventional Chassell Township Rural: Fringe * * * 73 Cheboygan Area High School Conventional Cheboygan Rural: Fringe B 154 Chelsea High School Conventional Chelsea Town: Fringe B 436 Chesaning Union High School Conventional Chesaning Union Rural: Distant D 146 Chippewa Hills High School Conventional Chippewa Hills Rural: Remote B 528 Chippewa Valley High School Conventional Chippewa Valley Suburb: Large D 308 Churchill High School Conventional Livonia City: Small C 4 City Middle/High School Selective Grand Rapids City: Midsize A 268 Clare High School Conventional Clare Town: Remote C

30 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 22 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 421 Clarenceville High School Conventional Clarenceville City: Small D 321 Clarkston High School Conventional Clarkston Suburb: Large C 19 Classical Academy Selective Flint City: Midsize A 484 Clawson High School Conventional Clawson Suburb: Large D 527 Climax-Scotts High School Conventional Climax-Scotts Rural: Fringe D 441 Clinton High School Conventional Clinton Rural: Distant D 520 Clintondale High School Conventional Clintondale Suburb: Large D 357 Clio Area High School Conventional Clio Suburb: Large C 581 Cody College Preparatory Upper School of Teaching and Learning Conventional Detroit City: Large F 468 Coldwater High School Conventional Coldwater Town: Distant D 324 Coleman Jr/Sr High School Conventional Coleman Rural: Distant C 517 Coloma High School Conventional Coloma Town: Fringe D 164 Colon High School Conventional Colon Rural: Distant B 184 Columbia Central High School Conventional Columbia Rural: Fringe C 393 Communication and Media Arts High School Conventional Detroit City: Large C 56 Comstock High School Conventional Comstock Suburb: Midsize A 260 Comstock Park High School Conventional Comstock Park Suburb: Large C * Concord Academy-Boyne Charter Boyne City Rural: Fringe * * * * Concord Academy-Petoskey Charter Petoskey Rural: Fringe * * * 440 Concord High School Conventional Concord Rural: Fringe D * 571 Concord Montessori and Community School Conner Creek Academy East Michigan Collegiate High School Charter Mancelona Rural: Remote * * * Charter Warren City: Midsize F 267 Constantine High School Conventional Constantine Town: Distant C 302 Coopersville High School Conventional Coopersville Town: Fringe C 399 Corunna High School Conventional Corunna Town: Distant C * Countryside Academy-High School Charter Benton Harbor Rural: Fringe * * * 512 Cousino Sr High School Conventional Warren City: Midsize D 17 Covert High School Conventional Covert Rural: Distant A 579 Creative Technologies Academy Charter Cedar Springs Town: Fringe F * Creston Community School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize * * * 44 Creston High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize A 106 Crestwood High School Conventional Crestwood Suburb: Large B 524 Crockett High School Conventional Detroit City: Large D 62 Crossroads Charter Academy Charter Big Rapids Town: Remote B 110 Croswell-Lexington High School Conventional Croswell-Lexington Rural: Fringe B 539 Dakota High School Conventional Chippewa Valley Suburb: Large F 465 Dansville High School Conventional Dansville Rural: Distant D 32 Davis Aerospace High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 161 Davison High School Conventional Davison Suburb: Large B 114 Dearborn High School Conventional Dearborn City: Small B 59 Decatur High School Conventional Decatur Rural: Distant A 94 Deckerville Community High School Conventional Deckerville Rural: Distant B * Deerfield Public Schools Conventional Deerfield Rural: Distant * * *

31 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 23 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 313 Delton-Kellogg High School Conventional Delton-Kellogg Rural: Distant C 582 Denby High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F * DeTour High School Conventional Detour Rural: Remote * * * 567 Detroit Academy of Arts and Sciences High School Charter Detroit City: Large F 584 Detroit City High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F Detroit Community Schools High School Charter Detroit City: Large F Detroit International Academy for Young Women Conventional Detroit City: Large D 518 Detroit Midtown Academy Charter Detroit City: Large D 457 Detroit School of Arts Conventional Detroit City: Large D 276 DeWitt High School Conventional DeWitt Suburb: Large C 170 Dexter High School Conventional Dexter Rural: Fringe B * Dollar Bay High School Conventional Dollar Bay-Tamarack City Town: Remote * * * 513 Douglass Academy for Young Men Conventional Detroit City: Large D 583 Dream Academy Charter Benton Harbor City: Small F 497 Dryden High School Conventional Dryden Rural: Distant D 496 Dundee Community High School Conventional Dundee Town: Distant D 486 Durand Area High School Conventional Durand Town: Fringe D 96 E.A. Johnson Memorial High School Conventional Mt. Morris Rural: Fringe B 86 Early College Alliance Selective Washtenaw Intermediate School District Suburb: Large B 504 East Detroit High School Conventional East Detroit Suburb: Large D 81 East Grand Rapids High School Conventional East Grand Rapids Suburb: Large B 451 East Jackson High School Conventional East Jackson Rural: Fringe D 284 East Jordan High School Conventional East Jordan Rural: Distant C 202 East Kentwood High School Conventional Kentwood Suburb: Large C 67 East Lansing High School Conventional East Lansing City: Small B 223 Eastern High School Conventional Lansing City: Midsize C 103 Eastern High School Conventional Forest Hills Rural: Fringe B * Eastern Washtenaw Multicultural Academy Charter Ann Arbor Rural: Fringe * * * * Eaton Academy Charter Eastpointe Suburb: Large * * * 312 Eaton Rapids Sr High School Conventional Eaton Rapids Town: Fringe C 480 Eau Claire High School Conventional Eau Claire Rural: Fringe D 558 Ecorse Community High School Conventional Ecorse Suburb: Large F 104 Edsel Ford High School Conventional Dearborn City: Small B 222 Edwardsburg High School Conventional Edwardsburg Suburb: Large C 346 Eisenhower High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large C 197 Elk Rapids High School Conventional Elk Rapids Rural: Distant C * Ellsworth Community School Conventional Ellsworth Rural: Distant * * * 112 Ernest W. Seaholm High School Conventional Birmingham Suburb: Large B 209 Escanaba Area Public High School Conventional Escanaba Town: Remote C 314 Evart High School Conventional Evart Rural: Remote C 335 Everett High School Conventional Lansing City: Midsize C * Ewen-Trout Creek Consolidated School Conventional Ewen-Trout Creek Rural: Remote * * *

32 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 24 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 6 Excel Charter Academy Grand River Prep School Charter Kentwood Suburb: Large A 23 Fairview High School Conventional Fairview Rural: Remote A 355 Farmington High School Conventional Farmington Suburb: Large C 178 Farwell High School Conventional Farwell Rural: Distant B 195 Fennville Public High School Conventional Fennville Rural: Distant C 231 Fenton Sr High School Conventional Fenton Suburb: Large C 322 Ferndale High School Conventional Ferndale Suburb: Large C 585 Finney High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 236 Fitzgerald Sr High School Conventional Fitzgerald City: Midsize C 427 Flat Rock Community High School Conventional Flat Rock Suburb: Large D 353 Flushing High School Conventional Flushing Suburb: Large C 564 Ford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 49 Fordson High School Conventional Dearborn City: Small A 41 Forest Area High School Conventional Forest Rural: Remote A 279 Forest Park School Conventional Forest Park Rural: Remote C 403 Fowler High School Conventional Fowler Rural: Distant C 460 Fowlerville High School Conventional Fowlerville Town: Fringe D 140 Frankenmuth High School Conventional Frankenmuth Rural: Fringe B 177 Frankfort High School Conventional Frankfort-Elberta Rural: Remote B 429 Franklin High School Conventional Livonia City: Small D 470 Fraser High School Conventional Fraser Suburb: Large D 373 Freeland Middle School/High School Conventional Freeland Rural: Fringe C 338 Fremont High School Conventional Fremont Town: Distant C 82 Frontier International Academy Charter Hamtramck Suburb: Large B 288 Fruitport High School Conventional Fruitport Suburb: Midsize C 333 Fulton High School Conventional Fulton Rural: Distant C 150 Galesburg-Augusta High School Conventional Galesburg-Augusta Rural: Fringe B 257 Garber High School Conventional Essexville-Hampton Suburb: Small C 491 Garden City High School Conventional Garden City Suburb: Large D 130 Gaylord High School Conventional Gaylord Rural: Fringe B 9 Genesee Early College Selective Flint City: Midsize A 522 Genesee High School Conventional Genesee Suburb: Large D * George Crockett Consortium High School Charter Detroit City: Large * * * 286 Gladstone Area High School Conventional Gladstone Rural: Fringe C 149 Gladwin High School Conventional Gladwin Town: Distant B 165 Gobles High School Conventional Gobles Rural: Distant B 72 Godwin Heights Sr High School Conventional Godwin Heights City: Small B 337 Goodrich High School Conventional Goodrich Rural: Fringe C 99 Grand Blanc Community High School Conventional Grand Blanc Suburb: Large B 57 Grand Haven High School Conventional Grand Haven Suburb: Midsize A 402 Grand Ledge High School Conventional Grand Ledge Suburb: Large C * Grand Rapids Montessori Public School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize * * * 396 Grand Traverse Academy Charter Traverse City Rural: Fringe C

33 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 25 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 237 Grandville High School Conventional Grandville Suburb: Large C 526 Grant High School Conventional Grant Rural: Distant D 548 Grass Lake High School Conventional Grass Lake Rural: Distant F * Grattan Academy Middle/ High School Charter Greenville Rural: Fringe * * * 37 Grayling High School Conventional Crawford AuSable Rural: Fringe A * Great Lakes Academic Center Conventional Boyne City Rural: Distant * * * 233 Greenville Sr High School Conventional Greenville Town: Distant C 243 Grosse Ile High School Conventional Grosse Ile Township Suburb: Large C 248 Grosse Pointe North High School Conventional Grosse Pointe Suburb: Large C 71 Grosse Pointe South High School Conventional Grosse Pointe Suburb: Large B 316 Gull Lake High School Conventional Gull Lake Rural: Fringe C 33 Gwinn High School Conventional Gwinn Rural: Remote A 30 H.H. Dow High School Conventional Midland Town: Distant A 159 Hale High School Conventional Hale Rural: Remote B 453 Hamady Community High School Conventional Westwood Heights Suburb: Large D 118 Hamilton High School Conventional Hamilton Rural: Distant B 120 Hamtramck High School Conventional Hamtramck Suburb: Large B 58 Hancock Central High School Conventional Hancock Rural: Fringe A 445 Hanover-Horton High School Conventional Hanover-Horton Rural: Distant D 48 Harbor Beach Community High School Conventional Harbor Beach Rural: Remote A 139 Harbor Springs High School Conventional Harbor Springs Rural: Distant B 537 Harper Creek High School Conventional Harper Creek Rural: Fringe F 514 Harper Woods High School Conventional Harper Woods Suburb: Large D 171 Harrison Community High School Conventional Harrison Rural: Fringe B 477 Harrison High School Conventional Farmington City: Small D 70 Hart High School Conventional Hart Rural: Remote B 187 Hartford High School Conventional Hartford Town: Distant C 352 Hartland High School Conventional Hartland Suburb: Large C 136 Haslett High School Conventional Haslett Suburb: Large B 367 Hastings High School Conventional Hastings Rural: Fringe C 434 Hazel Park High School Conventional Hazel Park Suburb: Large D 83 HEART Academy Charter Harper Woods Suburb: Large B 483 Hemlock High School Conventional Hemlock Rural: Fringe D 542 Henry Ford Academy Charter Dearborn City: Small F 34 Henry Ford Early College Selective Dearborn Suburb: Large A 378 Henry Ford II High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large C 198 Heritage High School Conventional Saginaw Township City: Small C 172 Hesperia High School Conventional Hesperia Rural: Distant B Highland Park Community High School Conventional Highland Park Suburb: Large F Hillman Community Jr/Sr High School Conventional Hillman Rural: Remote C 282 Hill-McCloy High School Conventional Montrose Rural: Fringe C 155 Hillsdale High School Conventional Hillsdale Town: Distant B 21 Holland High School Conventional Holland City: Small A

34 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 26 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 190 Holly High School Conventional Holly Rural: Fringe C 334 Holt Sr High School Conventional Holt Suburb: Large C 278 Holton High School Conventional Holton Rural: Distant C 317 Homer Community High School Conventional Homer Rural: Distant C * Hope of Detroit Academy Consortium High School Charter Detroit City: Large * * * 330 Hopkins High School Conventional Hopkins Rural: Distant C 42 Houghton Central High School Conventional Houghton- Portage Township Rural: Fringe A 93 Houghton Lake High School Conventional Houghton Lake Rural: Fringe B 428 Howell High School Conventional Howell Suburb: Midsize D 466 Hudson Area High School Conventional Hudson Rural: Distant D 205 Hudsonville High School Conventional Hudsonville Suburb: Large C 472 Huron High School Conventional Huron Rural: Fringe D 31 Huron High School Conventional Ann Arbor City: Midsize A 382 Ida High School Conventional Ida Rural: Fringe C 241 Imlay City High School Conventional Imlay City Town: Distant C 196 Inland Lakes High School Conventional Inland Lakes Rural: Remote C * International Academy of Macomb Selective Chippewa Valley Suburb: Large * * * 5 International Academy Selective Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large A 8 International Academy of Flint Charter Flint City: Midsize A 206 Ionia High School Conventional Ionia Town: Distant C 261 Iron Mountain High School Conventional Iron Mountain Town: Remote C 55 Ishpeming High School Conventional Ishpeming Town: Remote A 128 Ithaca High School Conventional Ithaca Town: Distant B 416 J.W. Sexton High School Conventional Lansing City: Midsize D 193 Jackson High School Conventional Jackson City: Small C 15 Jeffers High School Conventional Adams Township Rural: Distant A 554 Jefferson High School Conventional Jefferson (Monroe) Rural: Fringe F 214 Jenison High School Conventional Jenison Suburb: Large C 151 Johannesburg-Lewiston High School Conventional Johannesburg-Lewiston Rural: Distant B 521 John F. Kennedy High School Conventional Taylor City: Small D 444 John Glenn High School Conventional Wayne-Westland Suburb: Large D 182 John Glenn High School Conventional Bangor Township Suburb: Small C 215 Jonesville High School Conventional Jonesville Rural: Distant C 134 Kalamazoo Central High School Conventional Kalamazoo Suburb: Midsize B 98 Kalkaska High School Conventional Kalkaska Town: Remote B 220 Kearsley High School Conventional Kearsley Suburb: Large C 18 Kelloggsville High School Conventional Kelloggsville City: Small A 298 Kenowa Hills High School Conventional Kenowa Hills Suburb: Large C 570 Kensington Woods High School Charter Howell Suburb: Midsize F 550 Kent City High School Conventional Kent City Rural: Fringe F 578 Kettering High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 507 King High School Conventional Detroit City: Large D 271 Kingsford High School Conventional Breitung Township Town: Remote C 156 Kingsley Area High School Conventional Kingsley Rural: Distant B 492 Kingston High School Conventional Kingston Rural: Remote D

35 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 27 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 458 Laingsburg High School Conventional Laingsburg Rural: Distant D 52 Lake City High School Conventional Lake City Rural: Distant A 448 Lake Fenton High School Conventional Lake Fenton Rural: Fringe D * Lake Linden-Hubbell High School Conventional Lake Linden-Hubbell Rural: Distant * * * 262 Lake Orion Community High School Conventional Lake Orion Rural: Fringe C 462 Lake Shore High School Conventional Lake Shore (Macomb) Suburb: Large D 417 Lakeland High School Conventional Huron Valley Suburb: Large D 203 Laker High School Conventional Elkton-Pigeon- Bay Port Laker Rural: Remote C 210 Lakeshore High School Conventional Lakeshore (Berrien) Rural: Fringe C 538 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Macomb) Suburb: Large F 447 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Calhoun) City: Small D 344 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Montcalm) Rural: Distant C 473 LakeVille High School Conventional LakeVille Rural: Distant D 362 Lakewood High School Conventional Lakewood Rural: Fringe C 525 Lamphere High School Conventional Lamphere Suburb: Large D 292 Landmark Academy Charter Kimball Rural: Fringe C 463 L'Anse Creuse High School Conventional L'Anse Creuse Suburb: Large D 510 L'Anse Creuse High School-North Conventional L'Anse Creuse Suburb: Large D 485 L'Anse High School Conventional L'Anse Rural: Remote D 296 Lapeer East Sr High School Conventional Lapeer Town: Distant C 418 Lapeer West Sr High School Conventional Lapeer Town: Distant D 386 LaSalle High School Conventional St. Ignace Town: Remote C 226 Lawrence Jr/Sr High School Conventional Lawrence Rural: Distant C 26 Lawton High School Conventional Lawton Rural: Fringe A 13 Lee High School Conventional Godfrey-Lee City: Small A 411 Lee M. Thurston High School Conventional South Redford Suburb: Large C * Leland Public School Conventional Leland Rural: Remote * * * 391 Leslie High School Conventional Leslie Rural: Distant C * Lighthouse Academy Charter Grand Rapids Suburb: Large * * * 481 Lincoln High School Conventional Van Dyke City: Midsize D 255 Lincoln Park High School Conventional Lincoln Park Suburb: Large C 557 Lincoln Sr High School Conventional Lincoln Rural: Fringe F 274 Linden High School Conventional Linden Rural: Fringe C * Litchfield High School Conventional Litchfield Rural: Distant * * * 252 Lowell Sr High School Conventional Lowell Rural: Fringe C 60 Loy Norrix High School Conventional Kalamazoo City: Small A 199 Ludington High School Conventional Ludington Town: Remote C 192 Luther L. Wright High School Conventional Ironwood Town: Remote C * Mackinac Island School Conventional Mackinac Island Rural: Fringe * * * * Mackinaw City K-12 School Conventional Mackinaw City Rural: Distant * * * 365 Madison High School Conventional Madison (Oakland) Suburb: Large C 89 Madison High School Conventional Madison (Lenawee) Rural: Fringe B 301 Manchester High School Conventional Manchester Rural: Distant C 216 Manistee High School Conventional Manistee Town: Remote C 115 Manistique Middle and High School Conventional Manistique Town: Remote B

36 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 28 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 92 Manton Consolidated High School Conventional Manton Rural: Distant B 246 Maple City-Glen Lake Jr/Sr High School Conventional Glen Lake Rural: Remote C 374 Maple Valley Jr/Sr High School Conventional Maple Valley Rural: Distant C 116 Marcellus High School Conventional Marcellus Rural: Distant B 407 Marine City High School Conventional East China Suburb: Small C 503 Marion High School Conventional Marion Rural: Remote D 201 Marlette Jr/Sr High School Conventional Marlette Rural: Remote C 239 Marquette Sr High School Conventional Marquette Town: Remote C * Marshall Academy Charter Marshall Rural: Fringe * * * 387 Marshall High School Conventional Marshall Town: Fringe C 329 Martin High School Conventional Martin Rural: Distant C 297 Marysville High School Conventional Marysville Suburb: Small C 265 Mason County Central High School Conventional Mason County Central Rural: Distant C 74 Mason County Eastern Jr High/High School Conventional Mason County Eastern Rural: Distant B 383 Mason High School Conventional Mason (Ingham) Rural: Fringe C 455 Mason Sr High School Conventional Mason (Monroe) Rural: Fringe D 224 Mattawan High School Conventional Mattawan Town: Fringe C 234 Mayville High School Conventional Mayville Rural: Distant C 345 McBain High School Conventional McBain Rural Agricultural Rural: Distant C 102 Melvindale High School Conventional Melvindale- North Allen Park Suburb: Large B 443 Memphis High School Conventional Memphis Rural: Distant D 183 Mendon Middle/High School Conventional Mendon Rural: Distant C 414 Menominee High School Conventional Menominee Town: Remote C 221 Meridian High School Conventional Meridian Rural: Fringe C 498 Merrill High School Conventional Merrill Rural: Distant D * Merritt Academy Charter New Haven Rural: Fringe * * * 283 Mesick Consolidated Jr/Sr High School Conventional Mesick Rural: Remote C 494 Michigan Center Jr/Sr High School Conventional Michigan Center Suburb: Small D 359 Michigan Health Academy Charter Detroit City: Large C * Mid Peninsula School Conventional Mid Peninsula Rural: Distant * * * * Midland Academy of Advanced and Creative Studies Charter Midland Rural: Fringe * * * 65 Midland High School Conventional Midland Town: Distant B 529 Milan High School Conventional Milan Rural: Fringe D 259 Milford High School Conventional Huron Valley Rural: Fringe C 14 Mio AuSable High School Conventional Mio AuSable Rural: Remote A 124 Mona Shores High School Conventional Mona Shores City: Small B 500 Monroe High School Conventional Monroe Suburb: Small D 80 Montabella Jr/Sr High Conventional Montabella Rural: Remote B 148 Montague High School Conventional Montague Rural: Fringe B 217 Morenci Area High School Conventional Morenci Rural: Distant C 228 Morley Stanwood High School Conventional Morley Stanwood Rural: Distant C 552 Morrice Area High School Conventional Morrice Rural: Fringe F 47 Mott Middle College High School Selective Flint City: Midsize A

37 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 29 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 293 Mount Clemens High School Conventional Mt. Clemens Suburb: Large C 250 Mt. Pleasant Sr High School Conventional Mt. Pleasant Town: Distant C 575 Mumford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 332 Munising High and Middle School Conventional Munising Rural: Remote C 561 Muskegon Heights High School Conventional Muskegon Heights Suburb: Midsize F 25 Muskegon High School Conventional Muskegon City: Small A 406 Napoleon High School Conventional Napoleon Rural: Fringe C 318 Negaunee High School Conventional Negaunee Town: Remote C 191 New Buffalo Sr High School Conventional New Buffalo Rural: Fringe C 536 New Haven High School Conventional New Haven Suburb: Large F 305 New Lothrop High School Conventional New Lothrop Rural: Distant C 121 Newaygo High School Conventional Newaygo Town: Distant B 270 Newberry High School Conventional Tahquamenon Town: Remote C 147 Niles Sr High School Conventional Niles City: Small B 515 North Adams High School Conventional North Adams-Jerome Rural: Distant D 360 North Branch High School Conventional North Branch Rural: Distant C * North Central Area Jr/Sr High School Conventional North Central Rural: Remote * * * * North Dickinson School Conventional North Dickinson County Rural: Remote * * * 258 North Farmington High School Conventional Farmington City: Small C 7 North Huron School Conventional North Huron Rural: Distant A 53 North Muskegon High School Conventional North Muskegon Suburb: Midsize A * North Star Academy Charter Marquette Rural: Fringe * * * 569 Northern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 97 Northern High School Conventional Forest Hills Suburb: Large B * Northport Public School Conventional Northport Rural: Remote * * * 180 Northview High School Conventional Northview Suburb: Large C 95 Northville High School Conventional Northville Suburb: Large B * Northwest Academy Charter Charlevoix Town: Remote * * * 505 Northwest High School Conventional Northwest Rural: Fringe D 577 Northwestern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 562 Northwestern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 285 Norway High School Conventional Norway-Vulcan Town: Remote C 175 Novi High School Conventional Novi City: Small B * Oakland Early College Selective West Bloomfield City: Small * * * * Oakland International Academy Middle/High School Charter Detroit City: Large * * * 388 Oakridge High School Conventional Oakridge Suburb: Midsize C 179 Ogemaw Heights High School Conventional West Branch-Rose City Rural: Remote C * Ojibwe Charter School Charter Brimley Rural: Distant * * * 24 Okemos High School Conventional Okemos Rural: Fringe A 511 Old Redford Academy High Charter Detroit City: Large D 377 Olivet High School Conventional Olivet Rural: Distant C 280 Onaway Sr High School Conventional Onaway Rural: Remote C 189 Onekama Middle/High School Conventional Onekama Rural: Distant C 508 Onsted Community High School Conventional Onsted Rural: Distant D 423 Ontonagon Area Jr/Sr High School Conventional Ontonagon Rural: Remote D

38 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 30 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 370 Orchard View High School Conventional Orchard View Rural: Fringe C 574 Osborn Upper School of Global Communications and Culture Conventional Detroit City: Large F 487 Oscar A. Carlson High School Conventional Gibraltar Suburb: Large D 105 Oscoda Area High School Conventional Oscoda Rural: Fringe B 264 Otsego High School Conventional Otsego Rural: Fringe C 64 Ottawa Hills High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize B * Outlook Academy Charter Allegan Rural: Fringe * * * 446 Ovid-Elsie High School Conventional Ovid-Elsie Rural: Distant D * Owendale-Gagetown Jr/Sr High School Conventional Owendale-Gagetown Rural: Distant * * * 78 Owosso High School Conventional Owosso Rural: Fringe B 442 Oxford High School Conventional Oxford Rural: Fringe D * Pansophia Academy Charter Coldwater Town: Distant * * * 266 Parchment High School Conventional Parchment Suburb: Midsize C 138 Paw Paw High School Conventional Paw Paw Rural: Fringe B 392 Peck Jr/Sr High School Conventional Peck Rural: Distant C 245 Pellston Middle/High School Conventional Pellston Rural: Remote C 166 Pennfield Sr High School Conventional Pennfield Rural: Fringe B * Pentwater Public School Conventional Pentwater Rural: Remote * * * 336 Perry High School Conventional Perry Town: Fringe C 580 Pershing High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 173 Petoskey High School Conventional Petoskey Town: Remote B 299 Pewamo-Westphalia Jr/Sr High School Conventional Pewamo-Westphalia Rural: Distant C 493 Pickford High School Conventional Pickford Rural: Distant D 467 Pinckney Community High School Conventional Pinckney Suburb: Midsize D 306 Pinconning High School Conventional Pinconning Rural: Distant C 194 Pine River High School Conventional Pine River Rural: Remote C 43 Pioneer High School Conventional Ann Arbor City: Midsize A 482 Pittsford Area High School Conventional Pittsford Rural: Distant D 349 Plainwell High School Conventional Plainwell Rural: Fringe C 563 Plymouth Educational Center Preparatory High School Charter Detroit City: Large F 153 Plymouth High School Conventional Plymouth-Canton Suburb: Large B 69 Pontiac Academy for Excellence High School Charter Pontiac City: Small B 572 Pontiac High School Conventional Pontiac City: Small F * Port Hope Community School Conventional Port Hope Rural: Remote * * * 395 Port Huron High School Conventional Port Huron Suburb: Small C 304 Port Huron Northern High School Conventional Port Huron Suburb: Small C 168 Portage Central High School Conventional Portage City: Small B 126 Portage Northern High School Conventional Portage City: Small B 409 Portland High School Conventional Portland Town: Distant C * Posen Consolidated High School Conventional Posen Rural: Remote * * * 544 Potterville High School Conventional Potterville Rural: Fringe F 430 Quincy High School Conventional Quincy Rural: Distant D 385 Ravenna High School Conventional Ravenna Rural: Distant C

39 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 31 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 426 Reading High School Conventional Reading Rural: Distant D 439 Redford Union High School Conventional Redford Union Suburb: Large D 212 Reed City High School Conventional Reed City Town: Remote C 372 Reese High School Conventional Reese Rural: Distant C 354 Reeths-Puffer High School Conventional Reeths-Puffer Suburb: Midsize C 16 Renaissance High School Selective Detroit City: Large A * Republic-Michigamme School Conventional Republic-Michigamme Rural: Remote * * * 534 Richmond Community High School Conventional Richmond Town: Fringe F 530 River Rouge High School Conventional River Rouge Suburb: Large D 358 River Valley High School Conventional River Valley Rural: Distant C 11 Riverside Academy-West Campus Charter Dearborn City: Small A 381 Riverview Community High School Conventional Riverview Suburb: Large C 254 Robichaud Sr High School Conventional Westwood Suburb: Large C 100 Rochester Adams High School Conventional Rochester Suburb: Large B 207 Rochester High School Conventional Rochester Suburb: Large C 200 Rockford High School Conventional Rockford Suburb: Large C 188 Rogers City High School Conventional Rogers Town: Remote C 111 Rogers High School Conventional Wyoming City: Small B 435 Romeo High School Conventional Romeo Suburb: Large D 339 Romulus Sr High School Conventional Romulus Suburb: Large C 412 Roosevelt High School Conventional Wyandotte City Suburb: Large C 50 Roscommon High School Conventional Roscommon Rural: Distant A 303 Roseville High School Conventional Roseville Suburb: Large C 343 Ross Beatty High School Conventional Cassopolis Rural: Distant C * Ross/Hill Academy High Charter Detroit City: Large * * * 230 Royal Oak High School Conventional Royal Oak Suburb: Large C 61 Rudyard High School Conventional Rudyard Rural: Distant B 10 Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy Selective Saginaw City: Small A 555 Saginaw High School Conventional Saginaw City: Small F 218 Salem High School Conventional Plymouth-Canton Suburb: Large C 101 Saline High School Conventional Saline Rural: Fringe B 509 Sand Creek High School Conventional Sand Creek Rural: Distant D 127 Sandusky High School Conventional Sandusky Town: Distant B 251 Saranac High School Conventional Saranac Rural: Distant C 122 Saugatuck High School Conventional Saugatuck Rural: Distant B 249 Sault Area High School Conventional Sault Ste. Marie Town: Remote C 419 Schoolcraft High School Conventional Schoolcraft Suburb: Midsize D 40 Shelby High School Conventional Shelby Rural: Distant A 350 Shepherd High School Conventional Shepherd Rural: Distant C 68 Skyline High School Conventional Ann Arbor Suburb: Large B 46 South Haven High School Conventional South Haven Town: Distant A 516 South Lake High School Conventional South Lake Suburb: Large D 287 South Lyon East High School Conventional South Lyon Rural: Fringe C 211 South Lyon High School Conventional South Lyon Suburb: Midsize C 565 Southeastern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 549 Southfield High School Conventional Southfield City: Small F

40 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 32 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 541 Southfield-Lathrup High School Conventional Southfield Suburb: Large F 452 Southgate Anderson High School Conventional Southgate Suburb: Large D 408 Southwestern Academy Conventional Flint City: Midsize C 566 Southwestern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 281 Sparta Sr High School Conventional Sparta Suburb: Large C 36 Spring Lake High School Conventional Spring Lake Rural: Fringe A 229 Springport High School Conventional Springport Rural: Distant C 450 St. Charles Community High School Conventional St. Charles Rural: Distant D 315 St. Clair High School Conventional East China Suburb: Small C 469 St. Johns High School Conventional St. Johns Rural: Fringe D 176 St. Joseph High School Conventional St. Joseph Suburb: Small B 363 St. Louis High School Conventional St. Louis Town: Distant C 277 Standish-Sterling Central High School Conventional Standish-Sterling Rural: Distant C 1 Star International Academy Charter Dearborn Heights Suburb: Large A 438 Stephenson High School Conventional Stephenson Rural: Remote D 232 Sterling Heights Sr High School Conventional Warren Suburb: Large C 341 Stevenson High School Conventional Livonia City: Small C 394 Stockbridge High School Conventional Stockbridge Rural: Distant C 158 Stoney Creek High School Conventional Rochester Suburb: Large B 109 Sturgis High School Conventional Sturgis Town: Distant B 556 Summerfield High School Conventional Summerfield Rural: Distant F 543 Summit Academy North High School Charter Romulus Suburb: Large F * Superior Central School Conventional Superior Central Rural: Remote * * * 309 Suttons Bay Sr High School Conventional Suttons Bay Rural: Distant C 404 Swan Valley High School Conventional Swan Valley Suburb: Midsize C 499 Swartz Creek High School Conventional Swartz Creek Suburb: Large D 142 Tawas Area High School Conventional Tawas Rural: Fringe B 459 Tecumseh High School Conventional Tecumseh Town: Distant D * Tekonsha Sr High School Conventional Tekonsha Rural: Distant * * * 348 Thornapple Kellogg High School Conventional Thornapple Kellogg Rural: Fringe C * Traverse City College Preparatory Academy Charter Traverse City Rural: Fringe * * * 479 Trenton High School Conventional Trenton Suburb: Large D 422 Tri County Sr High School Conventional Tri County Rural: Distant D 501 Tri-Township School Conventional Rapid River Rural: Distant D 45 Troy High School Conventional Troy City: Small A 533 Truman High School Conventional Taylor City: Small D 157 Ubly Community High School Conventional Ubly Rural: Distant B 474 Union City High School Conventional Union City Rural: Distant D 91 Union High School Conventional Dowagiac Union Town: Distant B 376 Unionville-Sebewaing High School Conventional Unionville-Sebewaing Rural: Distant C 3 Universal Academy Charter Detroit City: Large A 320 University High School Conventional Ferndale Suburb: Large C 108 University High School Academy Selective Southfield City: Small B 113 University Preparatory Academy High School Charter Detroit City: Large B

41 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 33 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 490 Utica High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large D * Vanderbilt Area School Conventional Vanderbilt Rural: Distant * * * 401 Vandercook Lake High School Conventional Vandercook Lake Suburb: Small C 263 Vassar Sr High School Conventional Vassar Town: Distant C 152 Vestaburg Community High School Conventional Vestaburg Rural: Remote B 289 Vicksburg High School Conventional Vicksburg Suburb: Midsize C * Vista Meadows Academy Charter Dearborn Heights Suburb: Large * * * 424 Voyageur Consortium High School Charter Detroit City: Large D * Wakefield-Marenisco School Conventional Wakefield-Marenisco Rural: Distant * * * * Waldron High School Conventional Waldron Rural: Remote * * * * Walkerville High School Conventional Walkerville Rural: Remote * * * 290 Walled Lake Central High School Conventional Walled Lake Suburb: Large C 327 Walled Lake Northern High School Conventional Walled Lake Suburb: Large C 351 Walled Lake Western High School Conventional Walled Lake Suburb: Large C 437 Warren Mott High School Conventional Warren City: Midsize D 413 Warren Woods Tower High School Conventional Warren Woods City: Midsize C 162 Washtenaw Technical Middle College Charter Ann Arbor Suburb: Large B 390 Waterford Kettering High School Conventional Waterford Suburb: Large C 420 Waterford Mott High School Conventional Waterford Suburb: Large D * Watersmeet Township School Conventional Watersmeet Township Rural: Remote * * * 38 Watervliet Sr High School Conventional Watervliet Town: Fringe A 523 Waverly Sr High School Conventional Waverly Suburb: Large D 478 Wayland High School Conventional Wayland Union Town: Distant D 141 Wayne Memorial High School Conventional Wayne-Westland Suburb: Large B * WayPoint Academy Charter Muskegon Suburb: Midsize * * * 506 Webberville High School Conventional Webberville Town: Fringe D 300 West Bloomfield High School Conventional West Bloomfield Suburb: Large C 77 West Iron County High School Conventional West Iron County Town: Remote B 51 West Michigan Academy of Environmental Science Charter Grand Rapids Suburb: Large A 79 West Ottawa High School Campus Conventional West Ottawa Suburb: Small B 87 West Sr High Conventional Traverse City Rural: Fringe B 225 Western High School Conventional Western Rural: Fringe C 311 Western International High School Conventional Detroit City: Large C 366 Westwood High School Conventional N.I.C.E. Town: Remote C 35 White Cloud High School Conventional White Cloud Rural: Distant A 117 White Pigeon Jr/Sr High School Conventional White Pigeon Rural: Fringe B * Whitefish Township School Conventional Whitefish Township Rural: Remote * * * 553 Whiteford High School Conventional Whiteford Agricultural Rural: Fringe F 331 Whitehall Sr High School Conventional Whitehall Rural: Fringe C 342 Whitmore Lake High School Conventional Whitmore Lake Rural: Fringe C 28 * Whittemore-Prescott Area High School Will Carleton Charter School Academy Conventional Whittemore-Prescott Rural: Remote A Charter Hillsdale Rural: Fringe * * * 185 Williamston High School Conventional Williamston Town: Fringe C 454 Willow Run High School Conventional Willow Run Suburb: Large D

42 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 34 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Alphabetical 307 Winans Academy High School Charter Detroit City: Large C * Wolverine Middle/High School Conventional Wolverine Rural: Remote * * * 502 Woodhaven High School Conventional Woodhaven-Brownstown Suburb: Large D 174 Wylie E. Groves High School Conventional Birmingham Suburb: Large B 125 Wyoming Park High School Conventional Wyoming City: Small B 328 Yale Sr High School Conventional Yale Rural: Distant C 432 Ypsilanti High School Conventional Ypsilanti Suburb: Large D 361 Zeeland East High School Conventional Zeeland Rural: Fringe C 273 Zeeland West High School Conventional Zeeland Rural: Fringe C

43 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 35 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 1 Star International Academy Charter Dearborn Heights Suburb: Large A 2 Cesar Chavez High School Charter Detroit City: Large A 3 Universal Academy Charter Detroit City: Large A 4 City Middle/High School Selective Grand Rapids City: Midsize A 5 International Academy Selective Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large A 6 Excel Charter Academy-Grand River Prep School Charter Kentwood Suburb: Large A 7 North Huron School Conventional North Huron Rural: Distant A 8 International Academy of Flint Charter Flint City: Midsize A 9 Genesee Early College Selective Flint City: Midsize A 10 Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy Selective Saginaw City: Small A 11 Riverside Academy-West Campus Charter Dearborn City: Small A 12 Baldwin Sr High School Conventional Baldwin Rural: Remote A 13 Lee High School Conventional Godfrey-Lee City: Small A 14 Mio AuSable High School Conventional Mio AuSable Rural: Remote A 15 Jeffers High School Conventional Adams Township Rural: Distant A 16 Renaissance High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 17 Covert High School Conventional Covert Rural: Distant A 18 Kelloggsville High School Conventional Kelloggsville City: Small A 19 Classical Academy Selective Flint City: Midsize A 20 Calumet High School Conventional Calumet Town: Remote A 21 Holland High School Conventional Holland City: Small A 22 Benzie Central Sr High School Conventional Benzie County Central Rural: Remote A 23 Fairview High School Conventional Fairview Rural: Remote A 24 Okemos High School Conventional Okemos Rural: Fringe A 25 Muskegon High School Conventional Muskegon City: Small A 26 Lawton High School Conventional Lawton Rural: Fringe A Bloomingdale Middle and High School Whittemore-Prescott Area High School Conventional Bloomingdale Rural: Distant A Conventional Whittemore-Prescott Rural: Remote A 29 Cass Technical High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 30 H.H. Dow High School Conventional Midland Town: Distant A 31 Huron High School Conventional Ann Arbor City: Midsize A 32 Davis Aerospace High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 33 Gwinn High School Conventional Gwinn Rural: Remote A 34 Henry Ford Early College Selective Dearborn Suburb: Large A 35 White Cloud High School Conventional White Cloud Rural: Distant A 36 Spring Lake High School Conventional Spring Lake Rural: Fringe A 37 Grayling High School Conventional Crawford AuSable Rural: Fringe A 38 Watervliet Sr High School Conventional Watervliet Town: Fringe A 39 Brethren High School Conventional Kaleva Norman Dickson Rural: Remote A 40 Shelby High School Conventional Shelby Rural: Distant A 41 Forest Area High School Conventional Forest Rural: Remote A 42 Houghton Central High School Conventional Houghton- Portage Township Rural: Fringe A

44 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 36 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 43 Pioneer High School Conventional Ann Arbor City: Midsize A 44 Creston High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize A 45 Troy High School Conventional Troy City: Small A 46 South Haven High School Conventional South Haven Town: Distant A 47 Mott Middle College High School Selective Flint City: Midsize A 48 Harbor Beach Community High School Conventional Harbor Beach Rural: Remote A 49 Fordson High School Conventional Dearborn City: Small A 50 Roscommon High School Conventional Roscommon Rural: Distant A 51 West Michigan Academy of Environmental Science Charter Grand Rapids Suburb: Large A 52 Lake City High School Conventional Lake City Rural: Distant A 53 North Muskegon High School Conventional North Muskegon Suburb: Midsize A 54 Cass City High School Conventional Cass City Rural: Fringe A 55 Ishpeming High School Conventional Ishpeming Town: Remote A 56 Comstock High School Conventional Comstock Suburb: Midsize A 57 Grand Haven High School Conventional Grand Haven Suburb: Midsize A 58 Hancock Central High School Conventional Hancock Rural: Fringe A 59 Decatur High School Conventional Decatur Rural: Distant A 60 Loy Norrix High School Conventional Kalamazoo City: Small A 61 Rudyard High School Conventional Rudyard Rural: Distant B 62 Crossroads Charter Academy Charter Big Rapids Town: Remote B 63 Central High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize B 64 Ottawa Hills High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize B 65 Midland High School Conventional Midland Town: Distant B 66 Bendle High School Conventional Bendle Suburb: Large B 67 East Lansing High School Conventional East Lansing City: Small B 68 Skyline High School Conventional Ann Arbor Suburb: Large B 69 Pontiac Academy for Excellence High School Charter Pontiac City: Small B 70 Hart High School Conventional Hart Rural: Remote B 71 Grosse Pointe South High School Conventional Grosse Pointe Suburb: Large B 72 Godwin Heights Sr High School Conventional Godwin Heights City: Small B 73 Cheboygan Area High School Conventional Cheboygan Rural: Fringe B 74 Mason County Eastern Jr High/High School Conventional Mason County Eastern Rural: Distant B 75 Carsonville-Port Sanilac High School Conventional Carsonville-Port Sanilac Rural: Distant B 76 Central High School Conventional Forest Hills Suburb: Large B 77 West Iron County High School Conventional West Iron County Town: Remote B 78 Owosso High School Conventional Owosso Rural: Fringe B 79 West Ottawa High School Campus Conventional West Ottawa Suburb: Small B 80 Montabella Jr/Sr High Conventional Montabella Rural: Remote B 81 East Grand Rapids High School Conventional East Grand Rapids Suburb: Large B 82 Frontier International Academy Charter Hamtramck Suburb: Large B 83 HEART Academy Charter Harper Woods Suburb: Large B 84 Black River Public School Charter Holland City: Small B 85 Big Rapids High School Conventional Big Rapids Rural: Fringe B

45 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 37 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 86 Early College Alliance Selective Washtenaw Intermediate School District Suburb: Large B 87 West Sr High Conventional Traverse City Rural: Fringe B 88 Central High School Conventional Traverse City Town: Remote B 89 Madison High School Conventional Madison (Lenawee) Rural: Fringe B 90 Bloomfield Hills Andover High School Conventional Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large B 91 Union High School Conventional Dowagiac Union Town: Distant B 92 Manton Consolidated High School Conventional Manton Rural: Distant B 93 Houghton Lake High School Conventional Houghton Lake Rural: Fringe B 94 Deckerville Community High School Conventional Deckerville Rural: Distant B 95 Northville High School Conventional Northville Suburb: Large B 96 E.A. Johnson Memorial High School Conventional Mt. Morris Rural: Fringe B 97 Northern High School Conventional Forest Hills Suburb: Large B 98 Kalkaska High School Conventional Kalkaska Town: Remote B 99 Grand Blanc Community High School Conventional Grand Blanc Suburb: Large B 100 Rochester Adams High School Conventional Rochester Suburb: Large B 101 Saline High School Conventional Saline Rural: Fringe B 102 Melvindale High School Conventional Melvindale-North Allen Park Suburb: Large B 103 Eastern High School Conventional Forest Hills Rural: Fringe B 104 Edsel Ford High School Conventional Dearborn City: Small B 105 Oscoda Area High School Conventional Oscoda Rural: Fringe B 106 Crestwood High School Conventional Crestwood Suburb: Large B 107 Bad Axe High School Conventional Bad Axe Rural: Fringe B 108 University High School Academy Selective Southfield City: Small B 109 Sturgis High School Conventional Sturgis Town: Distant B 110 Croswell-Lexington High School Conventional Croswell-Lexington Rural: Fringe B 111 Rogers High School Conventional Wyoming City: Small B 112 Ernest W. Seaholm High School Conventional Birmingham Suburb: Large B 113 University Preparatory Academy High School Charter Detroit City: Large B 114 Dearborn High School Conventional Dearborn City: Small B 115 Manistique Middle and High School Conventional Manistique Town: Remote B 116 Marcellus High School Conventional Marcellus Rural: Distant B 117 White Pigeon Jr/Sr High School Conventional White Pigeon Rural: Fringe B 118 Hamilton High School Conventional Hamilton Rural: Distant B 119 Annapolis High School Conventional Dearborn Heights #7 Suburb: Large B 120 Hamtramck High School Conventional Hamtramck Suburb: Large B 121 Newaygo High School Conventional Newaygo Town: Distant B 122 Saugatuck High School Conventional Saugatuck Rural: Distant B 123 Berrien Springs High School Conventional Berrien Springs Town: Fringe B 124 Mona Shores High School Conventional Mona Shores City: Small B 125 Wyoming Park High School Conventional Wyoming City: Small B 126 Portage Northern High School Conventional Portage City: Small B 127 Sandusky High School Conventional Sandusky Town: Distant B

46 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 38 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 128 Ithaca High School Conventional Ithaca Town: Distant B 129 Advanced Technology Academy Charter Dearborn City: Small B 130 Gaylord High School Conventional Gaylord Rural: Fringe B 131 Caro High School Conventional Caro Town: Distant B 132 A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bessemer Rural: Distant B 133 Cadillac Sr High School Conventional Cadillac Town: Remote B 134 Kalamazoo Central High School Conventional Kalamazoo Suburb: Midsize B 135 Bangor High School Conventional Bangor Rural: Distant B 136 Haslett High School Conventional Haslett Suburb: Large B 137 Arthur Hill High School Conventional Saginaw City: Small B 138 Paw Paw High School Conventional Paw Paw Rural: Fringe B 139 Harbor Springs High School Conventional Harbor Springs Rural: Distant B 140 Frankenmuth High School Conventional Frankenmuth Rural: Fringe B 141 Wayne Memorial High School Conventional Wayne-Westland Suburb: Large B 142 Tawas Area High School Conventional Tawas Rural: Fringe B 143 Boyne City High School Conventional Boyne Town: Remote B 144 Albion High School Conventional Albion Town: Distant B 145 Central Lake Public School Conventional Central Lake Rural: Remote B 146 Chippewa Hills High School Conventional Chippewa Hills Rural: Remote B 147 Niles Sr High School Conventional Niles City: Small B 148 Montague High School Conventional Montague Rural: Fringe B 149 Gladwin High School Conventional Gladwin Town: Distant B 150 Galesburg-Augusta High School Conventional Galesburg-Augusta Rural: Fringe B 151 Johannesburg-Lewiston High School Conventional Johannesburg-Lewiston Rural: Distant B 152 Vestaburg Community High School Conventional Vestaburg Rural: Remote B 153 Plymouth High School Conventional Plymouth-Canton Suburb: Large B 154 Chelsea High School Conventional Chelsea Town: Fringe B 155 Hillsdale High School Conventional Hillsdale Town: Distant B 156 Kingsley Area High School Conventional Kingsley Rural: Distant B 157 Ubly Community High School Conventional Ubly Rural: Distant B 158 Stoney Creek High School Conventional Rochester Suburb: Large B 159 Hale High School Conventional Hale Rural: Remote B 160 Chandler Park Academy High School Charter Harper Woods Suburb: Large B 161 Davison High School Conventional Davison Suburb: Large B 162 Washtenaw Technical Middle College Charter Ann Arbor Suburb: Large B 163 Center Line High School Conventional Center Line Suburb: Large B 164 Colon High School Conventional Colon Rural: Distant B 165 Gobles High School Conventional Gobles Rural: Distant B 166 Pennfield Sr High School Conventional Pennfield Rural: Fringe B 167 Bark River-Harris Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bark River-Harris Rural: Remote B 168 Portage Central High School Conventional Portage City: Small B 169 Canton High School Conventional Plymouth-Canton Suburb: Large B 170 Dexter High School Conventional Dexter Rural: Fringe B 171 Harrison Community High School Conventional Harrison Rural: Fringe B 172 Hesperia High School Conventional Hesperia Rural: Distant B

47 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 39 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 173 Petoskey High School Conventional Petoskey Town: Remote B 174 Wylie E. Groves High School Conventional Birmingham Suburb: Large B 175 Novi High School Conventional Novi City: Small B 176 St. Joseph High School Conventional St. Joseph Suburb: Small B 177 Frankfort High School Conventional Frankfort-Elberta Rural: Remote B 178 Farwell High School Conventional Farwell Rural: Distant B 179 Ogemaw Heights High School Conventional West Branch-Rose City Rural: Remote C 180 Northview High School Conventional Northview Suburb: Large C 181 Brown City High School Conventional Brown City Rural: Distant C 182 John Glenn High School Conventional Bangor Township Suburb: Small C 183 Mendon Middle/High School Conventional Mendon Rural: Distant C 184 Columbia Central High School Conventional Columbia Rural: Fringe C 185 Williamston High School Conventional Williamston Town: Fringe C 186 Belding High School Conventional Belding Town: Distant C 187 Hartford High School Conventional Hartford Town: Distant C 188 Rogers City High School Conventional Rogers Town: Remote C 189 Onekama Middle/High School Conventional Onekama Rural: Distant C 190 Holly High School Conventional Holly Rural: Fringe C 191 New Buffalo Sr High School Conventional New Buffalo Rural: Fringe C 192 Luther L. Wright High School Conventional Ironwood Town: Remote C 193 Jackson High School Conventional Jackson City: Small C 194 Pine River High School Conventional Pine River Rural: Remote C 195 Fennville Public High School Conventional Fennville Rural: Distant C 196 Inland Lakes High School Conventional Inland Lakes Rural: Remote C 197 Elk Rapids High School Conventional Elk Rapids Rural: Distant C 198 Heritage High School Conventional Saginaw Township City: Small C 199 Ludington High School Conventional Ludington Town: Remote C 200 Rockford High School Conventional Rockford Suburb: Large C 201 Marlette Jr/Sr High School Conventional Marlette Rural: Remote C 202 East Kentwood High School Conventional Kentwood Suburb: Large C 203 Laker High School Conventional Elkton-Pigeon-Bay Port Laker Rural: Remote C 204 Charlevoix High School Conventional Charlevoix Rural: Fringe C 205 Hudsonville High School Conventional Hudsonville Suburb: Large C 206 Ionia High School Conventional Ionia Town: Distant C 207 Rochester High School Conventional Rochester Suburb: Large C 208 Carman-Ainsworth High School Conventional Carman-Ainsworth Suburb: Large C 209 Escanaba Area Public High School Conventional Escanaba Town: Remote C 210 Lakeshore High School Conventional Lakeshore (Berrien) Rural: Fringe C 211 South Lyon High School Conventional South Lyon Suburb: Midsize C 212 Reed City High School Conventional Reed City Town: Remote C 213 Athens High School Conventional Troy City: Small C 214 Jenison High School Conventional Jenison Suburb: Large C 215 Jonesville High School Conventional Jonesville Rural: Distant C 216 Manistee High School Conventional Manistee Town: Remote C 217 Morenci Area High School Conventional Morenci Rural: Distant C

48 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 40 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 218 Salem High School Conventional Plymouth-Canton Suburb: Large C 219 Cedar Springs High School Conventional Cedar Springs Town: Fringe C 220 Kearsley High School Conventional Kearsley Suburb: Large C 221 Meridian High School Conventional Meridian Rural: Fringe C 222 Edwardsburg High School Conventional Edwardsburg Suburb: Large C 223 Eastern High School Conventional Lansing City: Midsize C 224 Mattawan High School Conventional Mattawan Town: Fringe C 225 Western High School Conventional Western Rural: Fringe C 226 Lawrence Jr/Sr High School Conventional Lawrence Rural: Distant C 227 Byron Center High School Conventional Byron Center Rural: Fringe C 228 Morley Stanwood High School Conventional Morley Stanwood Rural: Distant C 229 Springport High School Conventional Springport Rural: Distant C 230 Royal Oak High School Conventional Royal Oak Suburb: Large C 231 Fenton Sr High School Conventional Fenton Suburb: Large C 232 Sterling Heights Sr High School Conventional Warren Suburb: Large C 233 Greenville Sr High School Conventional Greenville Town: Distant C 234 Mayville High School Conventional Mayville Rural: Distant C 235 Hillman Community Jr/Sr High School Conventional Hillman Rural: Remote C 236 Fitzgerald Sr High School Conventional Fitzgerald City: Midsize C 237 Grandville High School Conventional Grandville Suburb: Large C 238 Central Montcalm High School Conventional Central Montcalm Rural: Distant C 239 Marquette Sr High School Conventional Marquette Town: Remote C 240 Bloomfield Hills Lahser High School Conventional Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large C 241 Imlay City High School Conventional Imlay City Town: Distant C 242 Alpena High School Conventional Alpena Town: Remote C 243 Grosse Ile High School Conventional Grosse Ile Township Suburb: Large C 244 Brighton High School Conventional Brighton Suburb: Midsize C 245 Pellston Middle/High School Conventional Pellston Rural: Remote C 246 Maple City-Glen Lake Jr/Sr High School Conventional Glen Lake Rural: Remote C 247 Alcona Community High School Conventional Alcona Rural: Distant C 248 Grosse Pointe North High School Conventional Grosse Pointe Suburb: Large C 249 Sault Area High School Conventional Sault Ste. Marie Town: Remote C 250 Mt. Pleasant Sr High School Conventional Mt. Pleasant Town: Distant C 251 Saranac High School Conventional Saranac Rural: Distant C 252 Lowell Sr High School Conventional Lowell Rural: Fringe C 253 Centreville High School Conventional Centreville Rural: Distant C 254 Robichaud Sr High School Conventional Westwood Suburb: Large C 255 Lincoln Park High School Conventional Lincoln Park Suburb: Large C 256 Bay City Central High School Conventional Bay City City: Small C 257 Garber High School Conventional Essexville-Hampton Suburb: Small C 258 North Farmington High School Conventional Farmington City: Small C 259 Milford High School Conventional Huron Valley Rural: Fringe C 260 Comstock Park High School Conventional Comstock Park Suburb: Large C 261 Iron Mountain High School Conventional Iron Mountain Town: Remote C 262 Lake Orion Community High School Conventional Lake Orion Rural: Fringe C

49 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 41 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 263 Vassar Sr High School Conventional Vassar Town: Distant C 264 Otsego High School Conventional Otsego Rural: Fringe C 265 Mason County Central High School Conventional Mason County Central Rural: Distant C 266 Parchment High School Conventional Parchment Suburb: Midsize C 267 Constantine High School Conventional Constantine Town: Distant C 268 Clare High School Conventional Clare Town: Remote C 269 Beal City High School Conventional Beal City Rural: Distant C 270 Newberry High School Conventional Tahquamenon Town: Remote C 271 Kingsford High School Conventional Breitung Township Town: Remote C 272 Brimley Jr/Sr High Conventional Brimley Rural: Distant C 273 Zeeland West High School Conventional Zeeland Rural: Fringe C 274 Linden High School Conventional Linden Rural: Fringe C 275 Battle Creek Central High School Conventional Battle Creek City: Small C 276 DeWitt High School Conventional DeWitt Suburb: Large C 277 Standish-Sterling Central High School Conventional Standish-Sterling Rural: Distant C 278 Holton High School Conventional Holton Rural: Distant C 279 Forest Park School Conventional Forest Park Rural: Remote C 280 Onaway Sr High School Conventional Onaway Rural: Remote C 281 Sparta Sr High School Conventional Sparta Suburb: Large C 282 Hill-McCloy High School Conventional Montrose Rural: Fringe C 283 Mesick Consolidated Jr/Sr High School Conventional Mesick Rural: Remote C 284 East Jordan High School Conventional East Jordan Rural: Distant C 285 Norway High School Conventional Norway-Vulcan Town: Remote C 286 Gladstone Area High School Conventional Gladstone Rural: Fringe C 287 South Lyon East High School Conventional South Lyon Rural: Fringe C 288 Fruitport High School Conventional Fruitport Suburb: Midsize C 289 Vicksburg High School Conventional Vicksburg Suburb: Midsize C 290 Walled Lake Central High School Conventional Walled Lake Suburb: Large C 291 Bullock Creek High School Conventional Bullock Creek Rural: Fringe C 292 Landmark Academy Charter Kimball Rural: Fringe C 293 Mount Clemens High School Conventional Mt. Clemens Suburb: Large C 294 Caledonia High School Conventional Caledonia Rural: Fringe C 295 Bridgeport High School Conventional Bridgeport-Spaulding Rural: Fringe C 296 Lapeer East Sr High School Conventional Lapeer Town: Distant C 297 Marysville High School Conventional Marysville Suburb: Small C 298 Kenowa Hills High School Conventional Kenowa Hills Suburb: Large C 299 Pewamo-Westphalia Jr/Sr High School Conventional Pewamo-Westphalia Rural: Distant C 300 West Bloomfield High School Conventional West Bloomfield Suburb: Large C 301 Manchester High School Conventional Manchester Rural: Distant C 302 Coopersville High School Conventional Coopersville Town: Fringe C 303 Roseville High School Conventional Roseville Suburb: Large C 304 Port Huron Northern High School Conventional Port Huron Suburb: Small C 305 New Lothrop High School Conventional New Lothrop Rural: Distant C 306 Pinconning High School Conventional Pinconning Rural: Distant C

50 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 42 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 307 Winans Academy High School Charter Detroit City: Large C 308 Churchill High School Conventional Livonia City: Small C 309 Suttons Bay Sr High School Conventional Suttons Bay Rural: Distant C 310 Berkley High School Conventional Berkley Suburb: Large C 311 Western International High School Conventional Detroit City: Large C 312 Eaton Rapids Sr High School Conventional Eaton Rapids Town: Fringe C 313 Delton-Kellogg High School Conventional Delton-Kellogg Rural: Distant C 314 Evart High School Conventional Evart Rural: Remote C 315 St. Clair High School Conventional East China Suburb: Small C 316 Gull Lake High School Conventional Gull Lake Rural: Fringe C 317 Homer Community High School Conventional Homer Rural: Distant C 318 Negaunee High School Conventional Negaunee Town: Remote C 319 Alma Sr High School Conventional Alma Town: Distant C 320 University High School Conventional Ferndale Suburb: Large C 321 Clarkston High School Conventional Clarkston Suburb: Large C 322 Ferndale High School Conventional Ferndale Suburb: Large C 323 Blissfield High School Conventional Blissfield Town: Distant C 324 Coleman Jr/Sr High School Conventional Coleman Rural: Distant C 325 Allendale High School Conventional Allendale Suburb: Large C 326 Avondale High School Conventional Avondale Suburb: Large C 327 Walled Lake Northern High School Conventional Walled Lake Suburb: Large C 328 Yale Sr High School Conventional Yale Rural: Distant C 329 Martin High School Conventional Martin Rural: Distant C 330 Hopkins High School Conventional Hopkins Rural: Distant C 331 Whitehall Sr High School Conventional Whitehall Rural: Fringe C 332 Munising High and Middle School Conventional Munising Rural: Remote C 333 Fulton High School Conventional Fulton Rural: Distant C 334 Holt Sr High School Conventional Holt Suburb: Large C 335 Everett High School Conventional Lansing City: Midsize C 336 Perry High School Conventional Perry Town: Fringe C 337 Goodrich High School Conventional Goodrich Rural: Fringe C 338 Fremont High School Conventional Fremont Town: Distant C 339 Romulus Sr High School Conventional Romulus Suburb: Large C 340 Bridgman High School Conventional Bridgman Rural: Fringe C 341 Stevenson High School Conventional Livonia City: Small C 342 Whitmore Lake High School Conventional Whitmore Lake Rural: Fringe C 343 Ross Beatty High School Conventional Cassopolis Rural: Distant C 344 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Montcalm) Rural: Distant C 345 McBain High School Conventional McBain Rural Agricultural Rural: Distant C 346 Eisenhower High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large C 347 Algonac High School Conventional Algonac Suburb: Large C 348 Thornapple Kellogg High School Conventional Thornapple Kellogg Rural: Fringe C 349 Plainwell High School Conventional Plainwell Rural: Fringe C 350 Shepherd High School Conventional Shepherd Rural: Distant C 351 Walled Lake Western High School Conventional Walled Lake Suburb: Large C 352 Hartland High School Conventional Hartland Suburb: Large C

51 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 43 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 353 Flushing High School Conventional Flushing Suburb: Large C 354 Reeths-Puffer High School Conventional Reeths-Puffer Suburb: Midsize C 355 Farmington High School Conventional Farmington Suburb: Large C 356 Baraga Area High School Conventional Baraga Rural: Remote C 357 Clio Area High School Conventional Clio Suburb: Large C 358 River Valley High School Conventional River Valley Rural: Distant C 359 Michigan Health Academy Charter Detroit City: Large C 360 North Branch High School Conventional North Branch Rural: Distant C 361 Zeeland East High School Conventional Zeeland Rural: Fringe C 362 Lakewood High School Conventional Lakewood Rural: Fringe C 363 St. Louis High School Conventional St. Louis Town: Distant C 364 Academy for Business and Technology High School Charter Melvindale Suburb: Large C 365 Madison High School Conventional Madison (Oakland) Suburb: Large C 366 Westwood High School Conventional N.I.C.E. Town: Remote C 367 Hastings High School Conventional Hastings Rural: Fringe C 368 Carrollton High School Conventional Carrollton Suburb: Midsize C 369 Brandon High School Conventional Brandon Rural: Fringe C 370 Orchard View High School Conventional Orchard View Rural: Fringe C 371 Capac High School Conventional Capac Rural: Distant C 372 Reese High School Conventional Reese Rural: Distant C 373 Freeland Middle School/High School Conventional Freeland Rural: Fringe C 374 Maple Valley Jr/Sr High School Conventional Maple Valley Rural: Distant C 375 Bentley Sr High School Conventional Bentley Suburb: Large C 376 Unionville-Sebewaing High School Conventional Unionville-Sebewaing Rural: Distant C 377 Olivet High School Conventional Olivet Rural: Distant C 378 Henry Ford II High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large C 379 Athens High School Conventional Athens Rural: Distant C 380 Bronson Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bronson Rural: Distant C 381 Riverview Community High School Conventional Riverview Suburb: Large C 382 Ida High School Conventional Ida Rural: Fringe C 383 Mason High School Conventional Mason (Ingham) Rural: Fringe C 384 Camden-Frontier High School Conventional Camden-Frontier Rural: Remote C 385 Ravenna High School Conventional Ravenna Rural: Distant C 386 LaSalle High School Conventional St. Ignace Town: Remote C 387 Marshall High School Conventional Marshall Town: Fringe C 388 Oakridge High School Conventional Oakridge Suburb: Midsize C 389 Breckenridge High School Conventional Breckenridge Rural: Distant C 390 Waterford Kettering High School Conventional Waterford Suburb: Large C 391 Leslie High School Conventional Leslie Rural: Distant C 392 Peck Jr/Sr High School Conventional Peck Rural: Distant C 393 Communication and Media Arts High School Conventional Detroit City: Large C 394 Stockbridge High School Conventional Stockbridge Rural: Distant C 395 Port Huron High School Conventional Port Huron Suburb: Small C 396 Grand Traverse Academy Charter Traverse City Rural: Fringe C 397 Charlotte Sr High School Conventional Charlotte Town: Distant C

52 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 44 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 398 Bellaire Middle/High School Conventional Bellaire Rural: Remote C 399 Corunna High School Conventional Corunna Town: Distant C 400 AGBU Alex-Marie Manoogian School Charter Southfield City: Small C 401 Vandercook Lake High School Conventional Vandercook Lake Suburb: Small C 402 Grand Ledge High School Conventional Grand Ledge Suburb: Large C 403 Fowler High School Conventional Fowler Rural: Distant C 404 Swan Valley High School Conventional Swan Valley Suburb: Midsize C 405 Buchanan High School Conventional Buchanan Suburb: Large C 406 Napoleon High School Conventional Napoleon Rural: Fringe C 407 Marine City High School Conventional East China Suburb: Small C 408 Southwestern Academy Conventional Flint City: Midsize C 409 Portland High School Conventional Portland Town: Distant C 410 Addison Jr/Sr High School Conventional Addison Rural: Distant C 411 Lee M. Thurston High School Conventional South Redford Suburb: Large C 412 Roosevelt High School Conventional Wyandotte City Suburb: Large C 413 Warren Woods Tower High School Conventional Warren Woods City: Midsize C 414 Menominee High School Conventional Menominee Town: Remote C 415 Atherton High School Conventional Atherton Suburb: Large C 416 J.W. Sexton High School Conventional Lansing City: Midsize D 417 Lakeland High School Conventional Huron Valley Suburb: Large D 418 Lapeer West Sr High School Conventional Lapeer Town: Distant D 419 Schoolcraft High School Conventional Schoolcraft Suburb: Midsize D 420 Waterford Mott High School Conventional Waterford Suburb: Large D 421 Clarenceville High School Conventional Clarenceville City: Small D 422 Tri County Sr High School Conventional Tri County Rural: Distant D 423 Ontonagon Area Jr/Sr High School Conventional Ontonagon Rural: Remote D 424 Voyageur Consortium High School Charter Detroit City: Large D 425 Bay City Western High School Conventional Bay City Town: Distant D 426 Reading High School Conventional Reading Rural: Distant D 427 Flat Rock Community High School Conventional Flat Rock Suburb: Large D 428 Howell High School Conventional Howell Suburb: Midsize D 429 Franklin High School Conventional Livonia City: Small D 430 Quincy High School Conventional Quincy Rural: Distant D 431 Byron Area High School Conventional Byron Rural: Distant D 432 Ypsilanti High School Conventional Ypsilanti Suburb: Large D 433 Birch Run High School Conventional Birch Run Rural: Fringe D 434 Hazel Park High School Conventional Hazel Park Suburb: Large D 435 Romeo High School Conventional Romeo Suburb: Large D 436 Chesaning Union High School Conventional Chesaning Union Rural: Distant D 437 Warren Mott High School Conventional Warren City: Midsize D 438 Stephenson High School Conventional Stephenson Rural: Remote D 439 Redford Union High School Conventional Redford Union Suburb: Large D 440 Concord High School Conventional Concord Rural: Fringe D 441 Clinton High School Conventional Clinton Rural: Distant D 442 Oxford High School Conventional Oxford Rural: Fringe D

53 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 45 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 443 Memphis High School Conventional Memphis Rural: Distant D 444 John Glenn High School Conventional Wayne-Westland Suburb: Large D 445 Hanover-Horton High School Conventional Hanover-Horton Rural: Distant D 446 Ovid-Elsie High School Conventional Ovid-Elsie Rural: Distant D 447 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Calhoun) City: Small D 448 Lake Fenton High School Conventional Lake Fenton Rural: Fringe D 449 Beaverton High School Conventional Beaverton Rural Rural: Distant D 450 St. Charles Community High School Conventional St. Charles Rural: Distant D 451 East Jackson High School Conventional East Jackson Rural: Fringe D 452 Southgate Anderson High School Conventional Southgate Suburb: Large D 453 Hamady Community High School Conventional Westwood Heights Suburb: Large D 454 Willow Run High School Conventional Willow Run Suburb: Large D 455 Mason Sr High School Conventional Mason (Monroe) Rural: Fringe D 456 Allen Park High School Conventional Allen Park Suburb: Large D 457 Detroit School of Arts Conventional Detroit City: Large D 458 Laingsburg High School Conventional Laingsburg Rural: Distant D 459 Tecumseh High School Conventional Tecumseh Town: Distant D 460 Fowlerville High School Conventional Fowlerville Town: Fringe D 461 Adlai Stevenson High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large D 462 Lake Shore High School Conventional Lake Shore (Macomb) Suburb: Large D 463 L'Anse Creuse High School Conventional L'Anse Creuse Suburb: Large D 464 Bedford Sr High School Conventional Bedford Suburb: Large D 465 Dansville High School Conventional Dansville Rural: Distant D 466 Hudson Area High School Conventional Hudson Rural: Distant D 467 Pinckney Community High School Conventional Pinckney Suburb: Midsize D 468 Coldwater High School Conventional Coldwater Town: Distant D 469 St. Johns High School Conventional St. Johns Rural: Fringe D 470 Fraser High School Conventional Fraser Suburb: Large D 471 Carson City-Crystal High School Conventional Carson City-Crystal Town: Distant D 472 Huron High School Conventional Huron Rural: Fringe D 473 LakeVille High School Conventional LakeVille Rural: Distant D 474 Union City High School Conventional Union City Rural: Distant D 475 Allen Academy Charter Detroit City: Large D 476 Brandywine Sr High School Conventional Brandywine Suburb: Large D 477 Harrison High School Conventional Farmington City: Small D 478 Wayland High School Conventional Wayland Union Town: Distant D 479 Trenton High School Conventional Trenton Suburb: Large D 480 Eau Claire High School Conventional Eau Claire Rural: Fringe D 481 Lincoln High School Conventional Van Dyke City: Midsize D 482 Pittsford Area High School Conventional Pittsford Rural: Distant D 483 Hemlock High School Conventional Hemlock Rural: Fringe D 484 Clawson High School Conventional Clawson Suburb: Large D 485 L'Anse High School Conventional L'Anse Rural: Remote D 486 Durand Area High School Conventional Durand Town: Fringe D 487 Oscar A. Carlson High School Conventional Gibraltar Suburb: Large D 488 Bath High School Conventional Bath Rural: Fringe D

54 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 46 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 489 Anchor Bay High School Conventional Anchor Bay Rural: Fringe D 490 Utica High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large D 491 Garden City High School Conventional Garden City Suburb: Large D 492 Kingston High School Conventional Kingston Rural: Remote D 493 Pickford High School Conventional Pickford Rural: Distant D 494 Michigan Center Jr/Sr High School Conventional Michigan Center Suburb: Small D 495 Benton Harbor High School Conventional Benton Harbor City: Small D 496 Dundee Community High School Conventional Dundee Town: Distant D 497 Dryden High School Conventional Dryden Rural: Distant D 498 Merrill High School Conventional Merrill Rural: Distant D 499 Swartz Creek High School Conventional Swartz Creek Suburb: Large D 500 Monroe High School Conventional Monroe Suburb: Small D 501 Tri-Township School Conventional Rapid River Rural: Distant D 502 Woodhaven High School Conventional Woodhaven-Brownstown Suburb: Large D 503 Marion High School Conventional Marion Rural: Remote D 504 East Detroit High School Conventional East Detroit Suburb: Large D 505 Northwest High School Conventional Northwest Rural: Fringe D 506 Webberville High School Conventional Webberville Town: Fringe D 507 King High School Conventional Detroit City: Large D 508 Onsted Community High School Conventional Onsted Rural: Distant D 509 Sand Creek High School Conventional Sand Creek Rural: Distant D 510 L'Anse Creuse High School-North Conventional L'Anse Creuse Suburb: Large D 511 Old Redford Academy High Charter Detroit City: Large D 512 Cousino Sr High School Conventional Warren City: Midsize D 513 Douglass Academy for Young Men Conventional Detroit City: Large D 514 Harper Woods High School Conventional Harper Woods Suburb: Large D 515 North Adams High School Conventional North Adams-Jerome Rural: Distant D 516 South Lake High School Conventional South Lake Suburb: Large D 517 Coloma High School Conventional Coloma Town: Fringe D 518 Detroit Midtown Academy Charter Detroit City: Large D 519 Almont High School Conventional Almont Rural: Fringe D 520 Clintondale High School Conventional Clintondale Suburb: Large D 521 John F. Kennedy High School Conventional Taylor City: Small D 522 Genesee High School Conventional Genesee Suburb: Large D 523 Waverly Sr High School Conventional Waverly Suburb: Large D 524 Crockett High School Conventional Detroit City: Large D 525 Lamphere High School Conventional Lamphere Suburb: Large D 526 Grant High School Conventional Grant Rural: Distant D 527 Climax-Scotts High School Conventional Climax-Scotts Rural: Fringe D 528 Chippewa Valley High School Conventional Chippewa Valley Suburb: Large D 529 Milan High School Conventional Milan Rural: Fringe D 530 River Rouge High School Conventional River Rouge Suburb: Large D 531 Beecher High School Conventional Beecher Suburb: Large D 532 Detroit International Academy for Young Women Conventional Detroit City: Large D 533 Truman High School Conventional Taylor City: Small D

55 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 47 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 534 Richmond Community High School Conventional Richmond Town: Fringe F 535 Bellevue Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bellevue Rural: Distant F 536 New Haven High School Conventional New Haven Suburb: Large F 537 Harper Creek High School Conventional Harper Creek Rural: Fringe F 538 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Macomb) Suburb: Large F 539 Dakota High School Conventional Chippewa Valley Suburb: Large F 540 Belleville High School Conventional Van Buren Suburb: Large F 541 Southfield-Lathrup High School Conventional Southfield Suburb: Large F 542 Henry Ford Academy Charter Dearborn City: Small F 543 Summit Academy North High School Charter Romulus Suburb: Large F 544 Potterville High School Conventional Potterville Rural: Fringe F 545 Airport Sr High School Conventional Airport Rural: Fringe F 546 Britton-Macon Area School Conventional Britton-Macon Rural: Distant F 547 Armada High School Conventional Armada Rural: Distant F 548 Grass Lake High School Conventional Grass Lake Rural: Distant F 549 Southfield High School Conventional Southfield City: Small F 550 Kent City High School Conventional Kent City Rural: Fringe F 551 Arts Academy in the Woods Charter Fraser Suburb: Large F 552 Morrice Area High School Conventional Morrice Rural: Fringe F 553 Whiteford High School Conventional Whiteford Agricultural Rural: Fringe F 554 Jefferson High School Conventional Jefferson (Monroe) Rural: Fringe F 555 Saginaw High School Conventional Saginaw City: Small F 556 Summerfield High School Conventional Summerfield Rural: Distant F 557 Lincoln Sr High School Conventional Lincoln Rural: Fringe F 558 Ecorse Community High School Conventional Ecorse Suburb: Large F Highland Park Community High School Detroit Community Schools-High School Conventional Highland Park Suburb: Large F Charter Detroit City: Large F 561 Muskegon Heights High School Conventional Muskegon Heights Suburb: Midsize F 562 Northwestern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 563 Plymouth Educational Center Preparatory High School Charter Detroit City: Large F 564 Ford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 565 Southeastern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 566 Southwestern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 567 Detroit Academy of Arts and Sciences High School Charter Detroit City: Large F 568 Buena Vista High School Conventional Buena Vista Rural: Fringe F 569 Northern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 570 Kensington Woods High School Charter Howell Suburb: Midsize F 571 Conner Creek Academy East- Michigan Collegiate High Charter Warren City: Midsize F 572 Pontiac High School Conventional Pontiac City: Small F 573 Bradford Academy Charter Southfield City: Small F 574 Osborn Upper School of Global Communications and Culture Conventional Detroit City: Large F 575 Mumford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F

56 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 48 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Ranked By Score 576 Central High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 577 Northwestern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 578 Kettering High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 579 Creative Technologies Academy Charter Cedar Springs Town: Fringe F 580 Pershing High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 581 Cody College Preparatory Upper School of Teaching and Learning Conventional Detroit City: Large F 582 Denby High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 583 Dream Academy Charter Benton Harbor City: Small F 584 Detroit City High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 585 Finney High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F

57 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 49 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 1 Cesar Chavez High School Charter Detroit City: Large A 2 Universal Academy Charter Detroit City: Large A 3 Renaissance High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 4 Cass Technical High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 5 Davis Aerospace High School Selective Detroit City: Large A 6 University Preparatory Academy High School Charter Detroit City: Large B 7 Winans Academy High School Charter Detroit City: Large C 8 Western International High School Conventional Detroit City: Large C 9 Michigan Health Academy Charter Detroit City: Large C 10 Communication and Media Arts High School Conventional Detroit City: Large C 11 Voyageur Consortium High School Charter Detroit City: Large D 12 Detroit School of Arts Conventional Detroit City: Large D 13 Allen Academy Charter Detroit City: Large D 14 King High School Conventional Detroit City: Large D 15 Old Redford Academy High Charter Detroit City: Large D 16 Douglass Academy for Young Men Conventional Detroit City: Large D 17 Detroit Midtown Academy Charter Detroit City: Large D 18 Crockett High School Conventional Detroit City: Large D Detroit International Academy for Young Women Conventional Detroit City: Large D Detroit Community Schools High School Charter Detroit City: Large F 21 Northwestern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 22 Plymouth Educational Center Preparatory High School Charter Detroit City: Large F 23 Ford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 24 Southeastern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 25 Southwestern High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F Detroit Academy of Arts and Sciences High School Osborn Upper School of Global Communications and Culture Charter Detroit City: Large F Conventional Detroit City: Large F 28 Mumford High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 29 Central High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 30 Kettering High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 31 Pershing High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 32 Cody College Preparatory Upper School of Teaching and Learning Conventional Detroit City: Large F 33 Denby High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 34 Detroit City High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 35 Finney High School Conventional Detroit City: Large F 1 City Middle/High School Selective Grand Rapids City: Midsize A 2 International Academy of Flint Charter Flint City: Midsize A 3 Genesee Early College Selective Flint City: Midsize A 4 Classical Academy Selective Flint City: Midsize A

58 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 50 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 5 Huron High School Conventional Ann Arbor City: Midsize A 6 Pioneer High School Conventional Ann Arbor City: Midsize A 7 Creston High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize A 8 Mott Middle College High School Selective Flint City: Midsize A 9 Central High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize B 10 Ottawa Hills High School Conventional Grand Rapids City: Midsize B 11 Eastern High School Conventional Lansing City: Midsize C 12 Fitzgerald Sr High School Conventional Fitzgerald City: Midsize C 13 Everett High School Conventional Lansing City: Midsize C 14 Southwestern Academy Conventional Flint City: Midsize C 15 Warren Woods Tower High School Conventional Warren Woods City: Midsize C 16 J.W. Sexton High School Conventional Lansing City: Midsize D 17 Warren Mott High School Conventional Warren City: Midsize D 18 Lincoln High School Conventional Van Dyke City: Midsize D 19 Cousino Sr High School Conventional Warren City: Midsize D 20 Northern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 21 Conner Creek Academy East- Michigan Collegiate High Charter Warren City: Midsize F 22 Northwestern High School Conventional Flint City: Midsize F 1 Saginaw Arts and Sciences Academy Selective Saginaw City: Small A 2 Riverside Academy-West Campus Charter Dearborn City: Small A 3 Lee High School Conventional Godfrey-Lee City: Small A 4 Kelloggsville High School Conventional Kelloggsville City: Small A 5 Holland High School Conventional Holland City: Small A 6 Muskegon High School Conventional Muskegon City: Small A 7 Troy High School Conventional Troy City: Small A 8 Fordson High School Conventional Dearborn City: Small A 9 Loy Norrix High School Conventional Kalamazoo City: Small A 10 East Lansing High School Conventional East Lansing City: Small B 11 Pontiac Academy for Excellence High School Charter Pontiac City: Small B 12 Godwin Heights Sr High School Conventional Godwin Heights City: Small B 13 Black River Public School Charter Holland City: Small B 14 Edsel Ford High School Conventional Dearborn City: Small B 15 University High School Academy Selective Southfield City: Small B 16 Rogers High School Conventional Wyoming City: Small B 17 Dearborn High School Conventional Dearborn City: Small B 18 Mona Shores High School Conventional Mona Shores City: Small B 19 Wyoming Park High School Conventional Wyoming City: Small B 20 Portage Northern High School Conventional Portage City: Small B 21 Advanced Technology Academy Charter Dearborn City: Small B 22 Arthur Hill High School Conventional Saginaw City: Small B 23 Niles Sr High School Conventional Niles City: Small B 24 Portage Central High School Conventional Portage City: Small B 25 Novi High School Conventional Novi City: Small B 26 Jackson High School Conventional Jackson City: Small C

59 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 51 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 27 Heritage High School Conventional Saginaw Township City: Small C 28 Athens High School Conventional Troy City: Small C 29 Bay City Central High School Conventional Bay City City: Small C 30 North Farmington High School Conventional Farmington City: Small C 31 Battle Creek Central High School Conventional Battle Creek City: Small C 32 Churchill High School Conventional Livonia City: Small C 33 Stevenson High School Conventional Livonia City: Small C 34 AGBU Alex-Marie Manoogian School Charter Southfield City: Small C 35 Clarenceville High School Conventional Clarenceville City: Small D 36 Franklin High School Conventional Livonia City: Small D 37 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Calhoun) City: Small D 38 Harrison High School Conventional Farmington City: Small D 39 Benton Harbor High School Conventional Benton Harbor City: Small D 40 John F. Kennedy High School Conventional Taylor City: Small D 41 Truman High School Conventional Taylor City: Small D 42 Henry Ford Academy Charter Dearborn City: Small F 43 Southfield High School Conventional Southfield City: Small F 44 Saginaw High School Conventional Saginaw City: Small F 45 Pontiac High School Conventional Pontiac City: Small F 46 Bradford Academy Charter Southfield City: Small F 47 Dream Academy Charter Benton Harbor City: Small F 1 Star International Academy Charter Dearborn Heights Suburb: Large A 2 International Academy Selective Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large A 3 Excel Charter Academy-Grand River Prep School Charter Kentwood Suburb: Large A 4 Henry Ford Early College Selective Dearborn Suburb: Large A 5 West Michigan Academy of Environmental Science Charter Grand Rapids Suburb: Large A 6 Bendle High School Conventional Bendle Suburb: Large B 7 Skyline High School Conventional Ann Arbor Suburb: Large B 8 Grosse Pointe South High School Conventional Grosse Pointe Suburb: Large B 9 Central High School Conventional Forest Hills Suburb: Large B 10 East Grand Rapids High School Conventional East Grand Rapids Suburb: Large B 11 Frontier International Academy Charter Hamtramck Suburb: Large B 12 HEART Academy Charter Harper Woods Suburb: Large B 13 Early College Alliance Selective 14 Bloomfield Hills Andover High School Washtenaw Intermediate School District Suburb: Large B Conventional Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large B 15 Northville High School Conventional Northville Suburb: Large B 16 Northern High School Conventional Forest Hills Suburb: Large B 17 Grand Blanc Community High School Conventional Grand Blanc Suburb: Large B 18 Rochester Adams High School Conventional Rochester Suburb: Large B 19 Melvindale High School Conventional Melvindale-North Allen Park Suburb: Large B 20 Crestwood High School Conventional Crestwood Suburb: Large B

60 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 52 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 21 Ernest W. Seaholm High School Conventional Birmingham Suburb: Large B 22 Annapolis High School Conventional Dearborn Heights #7 Suburb: Large B 23 Hamtramck High School Conventional Hamtramck Suburb: Large B 24 Haslett High School Conventional Haslett Suburb: Large B 25 Wayne Memorial High School Conventional Wayne-Westland Suburb: Large B 26 Plymouth High School Conventional Plymouth-Canton Suburb: Large B 27 Stoney Creek High School Conventional Rochester Suburb: Large B 28 Chandler Park Academy High School Charter Harper Woods Suburb: Large B 29 Davison High School Conventional Davison Suburb: Large B 30 Washtenaw Technical Middle College Charter Ann Arbor Suburb: Large B 31 Center Line High School Conventional Center Line Suburb: Large B 32 Canton High School Conventional Plymouth-Canton Suburb: Large B 33 Wylie E. Groves High School Conventional Birmingham Suburb: Large B 34 Northview High School Conventional Northview Suburb: Large C 35 Rockford High School Conventional Rockford Suburb: Large C 36 East Kentwood High School Conventional Kentwood Suburb: Large C 37 Hudsonville High School Conventional Hudsonville Suburb: Large C 38 Rochester High School Conventional Rochester Suburb: Large C 39 Carman-Ainsworth High School Conventional Carman-Ainsworth Suburb: Large C 40 Jenison High School Conventional Jenison Suburb: Large C 41 Salem High School Conventional Plymouth-Canton Suburb: Large C 42 Kearsley High School Conventional Kearsley Suburb: Large C 43 Edwardsburg High School Conventional Edwardsburg Suburb: Large C 44 Royal Oak High School Conventional Royal Oak Suburb: Large C 45 Fenton Sr High School Conventional Fenton Suburb: Large C 46 Sterling Heights Sr High School Conventional Warren Suburb: Large C 47 Grandville High School Conventional Grandville Suburb: Large C 48 Bloomfield Hills Lahser High School Conventional Bloomfield Hills Suburb: Large C 49 Grosse Ile High School Conventional Grosse Ile Township Suburb: Large C 50 Grosse Pointe North High School Conventional Grosse Pointe Suburb: Large C 51 Robichaud Sr High School Conventional Westwood Suburb: Large C 52 Lincoln Park High School Conventional Lincoln Park Suburb: Large C 53 Comstock Park High School Conventional Comstock Park Suburb: Large C 54 DeWitt High School Conventional DeWitt Suburb: Large C 55 Sparta Sr High School Conventional Sparta Suburb: Large C 56 Walled Lake Central High School Conventional Walled Lake Suburb: Large C 57 Mount Clemens High School Conventional Mt. Clemens Suburb: Large C 58 Kenowa Hills High School Conventional Kenowa Hills Suburb: Large C 59 West Bloomfield High School Conventional West Bloomfield Suburb: Large C 60 Roseville High School Conventional Roseville Suburb: Large C 61 Berkley High School Conventional Berkley Suburb: Large C 62 University High School Conventional Ferndale Suburb: Large C 63 Clarkston High School Conventional Clarkston Suburb: Large C 64 Ferndale High School Conventional Ferndale Suburb: Large C 65 Allendale High School Conventional Allendale Suburb: Large C

61 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 53 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 66 Avondale High School Conventional Avondale Suburb: Large C 67 Walled Lake Northern High School Conventional Walled Lake Suburb: Large C 68 Holt Sr High School Conventional Holt Suburb: Large C 69 Romulus Sr High School Conventional Romulus Suburb: Large C 70 Eisenhower High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large C 71 Algonac High School Conventional Algonac Suburb: Large C 72 Walled Lake Western High School Conventional Walled Lake Suburb: Large C 73 Hartland High School Conventional Hartland Suburb: Large C 74 Flushing High School Conventional Flushing Suburb: Large C 75 Farmington High School Conventional Farmington Suburb: Large C 76 Clio Area High School Conventional Clio Suburb: Large C 77 Academy for Business and Technology High School Charter Melvindale Suburb: Large C 78 Madison High School Conventional Madison (Oakland) Suburb: Large C 79 Bentley Sr High School Conventional Bentley Suburb: Large C 80 Henry Ford II High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large C 81 Riverview Community High School Conventional Riverview Suburb: Large C 82 Waterford Kettering High School Conventional Waterford Suburb: Large C 83 Grand Ledge High School Conventional Grand Ledge Suburb: Large C 84 Buchanan High School Conventional Buchanan Suburb: Large C 85 Lee M. Thurston High School Conventional South Redford Suburb: Large C 86 Roosevelt High School Conventional Wyandotte City Suburb: Large C 87 Atherton High School Conventional Atherton Suburb: Large C 88 Lakeland High School Conventional Huron Valley Suburb: Large D 89 Waterford Mott High School Conventional Waterford Suburb: Large D 90 Flat Rock Community High School Conventional Flat Rock Suburb: Large D 91 Ypsilanti High School Conventional Ypsilanti Suburb: Large D 92 Hazel Park High School Conventional Hazel Park Suburb: Large D 93 Romeo High School Conventional Romeo Suburb: Large D 94 Redford Union High School Conventional Redford Union Suburb: Large D 95 John Glenn High School Conventional Wayne-Westland Suburb: Large D 96 Southgate Anderson High School Conventional Southgate Suburb: Large D 97 Hamady Community High School Conventional Westwood Heights Suburb: Large D 98 Willow Run High School Conventional Willow Run Suburb: Large D 99 Allen Park High School Conventional Allen Park Suburb: Large D 100 Adlai Stevenson High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large D 101 Lake Shore High School Conventional Lake Shore (Macomb) Suburb: Large D 102 L'Anse Creuse High School Conventional L'Anse Creuse Suburb: Large D 103 Bedford Sr High School Conventional Bedford Suburb: Large D 104 Fraser High School Conventional Fraser Suburb: Large D 105 Brandywine Sr High School Conventional Brandywine Suburb: Large D 106 Trenton High School Conventional Trenton Suburb: Large D 107 Clawson High School Conventional Clawson Suburb: Large D 108 Oscar A. Carlson High School Conventional Gibraltar Suburb: Large D 109 Utica High School Conventional Utica Suburb: Large D 110 Garden City High School Conventional Garden City Suburb: Large D

62 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 54 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 111 Swartz Creek High School Conventional Swartz Creek Suburb: Large D 112 Woodhaven High School Conventional Woodhaven-Brownstown Suburb: Large D 113 East Detroit High School Conventional East Detroit Suburb: Large D 114 L'Anse Creuse High School-North Conventional L'Anse Creuse Suburb: Large D 115 Harper Woods High School Conventional Harper Woods Suburb: Large D 116 South Lake High School Conventional South Lake Suburb: Large D 117 Clintondale High School Conventional Clintondale Suburb: Large D 118 Genesee High School Conventional Genesee Suburb: Large D 119 Waverly Sr High School Conventional Waverly Suburb: Large D 120 Lamphere High School Conventional Lamphere Suburb: Large D 121 Chippewa Valley High School Conventional Chippewa Valley Suburb: Large D 122 River Rouge High School Conventional River Rouge Suburb: Large D 123 Beecher High School Conventional Beecher Suburb: Large D 124 New Haven High School Conventional New Haven Suburb: Large F 125 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Macomb) Suburb: Large F 126 Dakota High School Conventional Chippewa Valley Suburb: Large F 127 Belleville High School Conventional Van Buren Suburb: Large F 128 Southfield-Lathrup High School Conventional Southfield Suburb: Large F 129 Summit Academy North High School Charter Romulus Suburb: Large F 130 Arts Academy in the Woods Charter Fraser Suburb: Large F 131 Ecorse Community High School Conventional Ecorse Suburb: Large F 132 Highland Park Community High School Conventional Highland Park Suburb: Large F 1 North Muskegon High School Conventional North Muskegon Suburb: Midsize A 2 Comstock High School Conventional Comstock Suburb: Midsize A 3 Grand Haven High School Conventional Grand Haven Suburb: Midsize A 4 Kalamazoo Central High School Conventional Kalamazoo Suburb: Midsize B 5 South Lyon High School Conventional South Lyon Suburb: Midsize C 6 Brighton High School Conventional Brighton Suburb: Midsize C 7 Parchment High School Conventional Parchment Suburb: Midsize C 8 Fruitport High School Conventional Fruitport Suburb: Midsize C 9 Vicksburg High School Conventional Vicksburg Suburb: Midsize C 10 Reeths-Puffer High School Conventional Reeths-Puffer Suburb: Midsize C 11 Carrollton High School Conventional Carrollton Suburb: Midsize C 12 Oakridge High School Conventional Oakridge Suburb: Midsize C 13 Swan Valley High School Conventional Swan Valley Suburb: Midsize C 14 Schoolcraft High School Conventional Schoolcraft Suburb: Midsize D 15 Howell High School Conventional Howell Suburb: Midsize D 16 Pinckney Community High School Conventional Pinckney Suburb: Midsize D 17 Muskegon Heights High School Conventional Muskegon Heights Suburb: Midsize F 18 Kensington Woods High School Charter Howell Suburb: Midsize F 1 West Ottawa High School Campus Conventional West Ottawa Suburb: Small B 2 St. Joseph High School Conventional St. Joseph Suburb: Small B 3 John Glenn High School Conventional Bangor Township Suburb: Small C 4 Garber High School Conventional Essexville-Hampton Suburb: Small C

63 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 55 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 5 Marysville High School Conventional Marysville Suburb: Small C 6 Port Huron Northern High School Conventional Port Huron Suburb: Small C 7 St. Clair High School Conventional East China Suburb: Small C 8 Port Huron High School Conventional Port Huron Suburb: Small C 9 Vandercook Lake High School Conventional Vandercook Lake Suburb: Small C 10 Marine City High School Conventional East China Suburb: Small C 11 Michigan Center Jr/Sr High School Conventional Michigan Center Suburb: Small D 12 Monroe High School Conventional Monroe Suburb: Small D 1 Watervliet Sr High School Conventional Watervliet Town: Fringe A 2 Berrien Springs High School Conventional Berrien Springs Town: Fringe B 3 Chelsea High School Conventional Chelsea Town: Fringe B 4 Williamston High School Conventional Williamston Town: Fringe C 5 Cedar Springs High School Conventional Cedar Springs Town: Fringe C 6 Mattawan High School Conventional Mattawan Town: Fringe C 7 Coopersville High School Conventional Coopersville Town: Fringe C 8 Eaton Rapids Sr High School Conventional Eaton Rapids Town: Fringe C 9 Perry High School Conventional Perry Town: Fringe C 10 Marshall High School Conventional Marshall Town: Fringe C 11 Fowlerville High School Conventional Fowlerville Town: Fringe D 12 Durand Area High School Conventional Durand Town: Fringe D 13 Webberville High School Conventional Webberville Town: Fringe D 14 Coloma High School Conventional Coloma Town: Fringe D 15 Richmond Community High School Conventional Richmond Town: Fringe F 16 Creative Technologies Academy Charter Cedar Springs Town: Fringe F 1 H.H. Dow High School Conventional Midland Town: Distant A 2 South Haven High School Conventional South Haven Town: Distant A 3 Midland High School Conventional Midland Town: Distant B 4 Union High School Conventional Dowagiac Union Town: Distant B 5 Sturgis High School Conventional Sturgis Town: Distant B 6 Newaygo High School Conventional Newaygo Town: Distant B 7 Sandusky High School Conventional Sandusky Town: Distant B 8 Ithaca High School Conventional Ithaca Town: Distant B 9 Caro High School Conventional Caro Town: Distant B 10 Albion High School Conventional Albion Town: Distant B 11 Gladwin High School Conventional Gladwin Town: Distant B 12 Hillsdale High School Conventional Hillsdale Town: Distant B 13 Belding High School Conventional Belding Town: Distant C 14 Hartford High School Conventional Hartford Town: Distant C 15 Ionia High School Conventional Ionia Town: Distant C 16 Greenville Sr High School Conventional Greenville Town: Distant C 17 Imlay City High School Conventional Imlay City Town: Distant C 18 Mt. Pleasant Sr High School Conventional Mt. Pleasant Town: Distant C 19 Vassar Sr High School Conventional Vassar Town: Distant C 20 Constantine High School Conventional Constantine Town: Distant C 21 Lapeer East Sr High School Conventional Lapeer Town: Distant C

64 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 56 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 22 Alma Sr High School Conventional Alma Town: Distant C 23 Blissfield High School Conventional Blissfield Town: Distant C 24 Fremont High School Conventional Fremont Town: Distant C 25 St. Louis High School Conventional St. Louis Town: Distant C 26 Charlotte Sr High School Conventional Charlotte Town: Distant C 27 Corunna High School Conventional Corunna Town: Distant C 28 Portland High School Conventional Portland Town: Distant C 29 Lapeer West Sr High School Conventional Lapeer Town: Distant D 30 Bay City Western High School Conventional Bay City Town: Distant D 31 Tecumseh High School Conventional Tecumseh Town: Distant D 32 Coldwater High School Conventional Coldwater Town: Distant D 33 Carson City-Crystal High School Conventional Carson City-Crystal Town: Distant D 34 Wayland High School Conventional Wayland Union Town: Distant D 35 Dundee Community High School Conventional Dundee Town: Distant D 1 Calumet High School Conventional Calumet Town: Remote A 2 Ishpeming High School Conventional Ishpeming Town: Remote A 3 Crossroads Charter Academy Charter Big Rapids Town: Remote B 4 West Iron County High School Conventional West Iron County Town: Remote B 5 Central High School Conventional Traverse City Town: Remote B 6 Kalkaska High School Conventional Kalkaska Town: Remote B 7 Manistique Middle and High School Conventional Manistique Town: Remote B 8 Cadillac Sr High School Conventional Cadillac Town: Remote B 9 Boyne City High School Conventional Boyne Town: Remote B 10 Petoskey High School Conventional Petoskey Town: Remote B 11 Rogers City High School Conventional Rogers Town: Remote C 12 Luther L. Wright High School Conventional Ironwood Town: Remote C 13 Ludington High School Conventional Ludington Town: Remote C 14 Escanaba Area Public High School Conventional Escanaba Town: Remote C 15 Reed City High School Conventional Reed City Town: Remote C 16 Manistee High School Conventional Manistee Town: Remote C 17 Marquette Sr High School Conventional Marquette Town: Remote C 18 Alpena High School Conventional Alpena Town: Remote C 19 Sault Area High School Conventional Sault Ste. Marie Town: Remote C 20 Iron Mountain High School Conventional Iron Mountain Town: Remote C 21 Clare High School Conventional Clare Town: Remote C 22 Newberry High School Conventional Tahquamenon Town: Remote C 23 Kingsford High School Conventional Breitung Township Town: Remote C 24 Norway High School Conventional Norway-Vulcan Town: Remote C 25 Negaunee High School Conventional Negaunee Town: Remote C 26 Westwood High School Conventional N.I.C.E. Town: Remote C 27 LaSalle High School Conventional St. Ignace Town: Remote C 28 Menominee High School Conventional Menominee Town: Remote C 1 Okemos High School Conventional Okemos Rural: Fringe A 2 Lawton High School Conventional Lawton Rural: Fringe A 3 Spring Lake High School Conventional Spring Lake Rural: Fringe A

65 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 57 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 4 Grayling High School Conventional Crawford AuSable Rural: Fringe A 5 Houghton Central High School Conventional Houghton- Portage Township Rural: Fringe A 6 Cass City High School Conventional Cass City Rural: Fringe A 7 Hancock Central High School Conventional Hancock Rural: Fringe A 8 Cheboygan Area High School Conventional Cheboygan Rural: Fringe B 9 Owosso High School Conventional Owosso Rural: Fringe B 10 Big Rapids High School Conventional Big Rapids Rural: Fringe B 11 West Sr High Conventional Traverse City Rural: Fringe B 12 Madison High School Conventional Madison (Lenawee) Rural: Fringe B 13 Houghton Lake High School Conventional Houghton Lake Rural: Fringe B 14 E.A. Johnson Memorial High School Conventional Mt. Morris Rural: Fringe B 15 Saline High School Conventional Saline Rural: Fringe B 16 Eastern High School Conventional Forest Hills Rural: Fringe B 17 Oscoda Area High School Conventional Oscoda Rural: Fringe B 18 Bad Axe High School Conventional Bad Axe Rural: Fringe B 19 Croswell-Lexington High School Conventional Croswell-Lexington Rural: Fringe B 20 White Pigeon Jr/Sr High School Conventional White Pigeon Rural: Fringe B 21 Gaylord High School Conventional Gaylord Rural: Fringe B 22 Paw Paw High School Conventional Paw Paw Rural: Fringe B 23 Frankenmuth High School Conventional Frankenmuth Rural: Fringe B 24 Tawas Area High School Conventional Tawas Rural: Fringe B 25 Montague High School Conventional Montague Rural: Fringe B 26 Galesburg-Augusta High School Conventional Galesburg-Augusta Rural: Fringe B 27 Pennfield Sr High School Conventional Pennfield Rural: Fringe B 28 Dexter High School Conventional Dexter Rural: Fringe B 29 Harrison Community High School Conventional Harrison Rural: Fringe B 30 Columbia Central High School Conventional Columbia Rural: Fringe C 31 Holly High School Conventional Holly Rural: Fringe C 32 New Buffalo Sr High School Conventional New Buffalo Rural: Fringe C 33 Charlevoix High School Conventional Charlevoix Rural: Fringe C 34 Lakeshore High School Conventional Lakeshore (Berrien) Rural: Fringe C 35 Meridian High School Conventional Meridian Rural: Fringe C 36 Western High School Conventional Western Rural: Fringe C 37 Byron Center High School Conventional Byron Center Rural: Fringe C 38 Lowell Sr High School Conventional Lowell Rural: Fringe C 39 Milford High School Conventional Huron Valley Rural: Fringe C 40 Lake Orion Community High School Conventional Lake Orion Rural: Fringe C 41 Otsego High School Conventional Otsego Rural: Fringe C 42 Zeeland West High School Conventional Zeeland Rural: Fringe C 43 Linden High School Conventional Linden Rural: Fringe C 44 Hill-McCloy High School Conventional Montrose Rural: Fringe C 45 Gladstone Area High School Conventional Gladstone Rural: Fringe C 46 South Lyon East High School Conventional South Lyon Rural: Fringe C 47 Bullock Creek High School Conventional Bullock Creek Rural: Fringe C 48 Landmark Academy Charter Kimball Rural: Fringe C

66 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 58 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 49 Caledonia High School Conventional Caledonia Rural: Fringe C 50 Bridgeport High School Conventional Bridgeport-Spaulding Rural: Fringe C 51 Gull Lake High School Conventional Gull Lake Rural: Fringe C 52 Whitehall Sr High School Conventional Whitehall Rural: Fringe C 53 Goodrich High School Conventional Goodrich Rural: Fringe C 54 Bridgman High School Conventional Bridgman Rural: Fringe C 55 Whitmore Lake High School Conventional Whitmore Lake Rural: Fringe C 56 Thornapple Kellogg High School Conventional Thornapple Kellogg Rural: Fringe C 57 Plainwell High School Conventional Plainwell Rural: Fringe C 58 Zeeland East High School Conventional Zeeland Rural: Fringe C 59 Lakewood High School Conventional Lakewood Rural: Fringe C 60 Hastings High School Conventional Hastings Rural: Fringe C 61 Brandon High School Conventional Brandon Rural: Fringe C 62 Orchard View High School Conventional Orchard View Rural: Fringe C 63 Freeland Middle School/High School Conventional Freeland Rural: Fringe C 64 Ida High School Conventional Ida Rural: Fringe C 65 Mason High School Conventional Mason (Ingham) Rural: Fringe C 66 Grand Traverse Academy Charter Traverse City Rural: Fringe C 67 Napoleon High School Conventional Napoleon Rural: Fringe C 68 Birch Run High School Conventional Birch Run Rural: Fringe D 69 Concord High School Conventional Concord Rural: Fringe D 70 Oxford High School Conventional Oxford Rural: Fringe D 71 Lake Fenton High School Conventional Lake Fenton Rural: Fringe D 72 East Jackson High School Conventional East Jackson Rural: Fringe D 73 Mason Sr High School Conventional Mason (Monroe) Rural: Fringe D 74 St. Johns High School Conventional St. Johns Rural: Fringe D 75 Huron High School Conventional Huron Rural: Fringe D 76 Eau Claire High School Conventional Eau Claire Rural: Fringe D 77 Hemlock High School Conventional Hemlock Rural: Fringe D 78 Bath High School Conventional Bath Rural: Fringe D 79 Anchor Bay High School Conventional Anchor Bay Rural: Fringe D 80 Northwest High School Conventional Northwest Rural: Fringe D 81 Almont High School Conventional Almont Rural: Fringe D 82 Climax-Scotts High School Conventional Climax-Scotts Rural: Fringe D 83 Milan High School Conventional Milan Rural: Fringe D 84 Harper Creek High School Conventional Harper Creek Rural: Fringe F 85 Potterville High School Conventional Potterville Rural: Fringe F 86 Airport Sr High School Conventional Airport Rural: Fringe F 87 Kent City High School Conventional Kent City Rural: Fringe F 88 Morrice Area High School Conventional Morrice Rural: Fringe F 89 Whiteford High School Conventional Whiteford Agricultural Rural: Fringe F 90 Jefferson High School Conventional Jefferson (Monroe) Rural: Fringe F 91 Lincoln Sr High School Conventional Lincoln Rural: Fringe F 92 Buena Vista High School Conventional Buena Vista Rural: Fringe F

67 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 59 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 1 North Huron School Conventional North Huron Rural: Distant A 2 Jeffers High School Conventional Adams Township Rural: Distant A 3 Covert High School Conventional Covert Rural: Distant A 4 Bloomingdale Middle and High School Conventional Bloomingdale Rural: Distant A 5 White Cloud High School Conventional White Cloud Rural: Distant A 6 Shelby High School Conventional Shelby Rural: Distant A 7 Roscommon High School Conventional Roscommon Rural: Distant A 8 Lake City High School Conventional Lake City Rural: Distant A 9 Decatur High School Conventional Decatur Rural: Distant A 10 Rudyard High School Conventional Rudyard Rural: Distant B 11 Mason County Eastern Jr High/High School Conventional Mason County Eastern Rural: Distant B 12 Carsonville-Port Sanilac High School Conventional Carsonville-Port Sanilac Rural: Distant B 13 Manton Consolidated High School Conventional Manton Rural: Distant B 14 Deckerville Community High School Conventional Deckerville Rural: Distant B 15 Marcellus High School Conventional Marcellus Rural: Distant B 16 Hamilton High School Conventional Hamilton Rural: Distant B 17 Saugatuck High School Conventional Saugatuck Rural: Distant B 18 A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bessemer Rural: Distant B 19 Bangor High School Conventional Bangor Rural: Distant B 20 Harbor Springs High School Conventional Harbor Springs Rural: Distant B 21 Johannesburg-Lewiston High School Conventional Johannesburg-Lewiston Rural: Distant B 22 Kingsley Area High School Conventional Kingsley Rural: Distant B 23 Ubly Community High School Conventional Ubly Rural: Distant B 24 Colon High School Conventional Colon Rural: Distant B 25 Gobles High School Conventional Gobles Rural: Distant B 26 Hesperia High School Conventional Hesperia Rural: Distant B 27 Farwell High School Conventional Farwell Rural: Distant B 28 Brown City High School Conventional Brown City Rural: Distant C 29 Mendon Middle/High School Conventional Mendon Rural: Distant C 30 Onekama Middle/High School Conventional Onekama Rural: Distant C 31 Fennville Public High School Conventional Fennville Rural: Distant C 32 Elk Rapids High School Conventional Elk Rapids Rural: Distant C 33 Jonesville High School Conventional Jonesville Rural: Distant C 34 Morenci Area High School Conventional Morenci Rural: Distant C 35 Lawrence Jr/Sr High School Conventional Lawrence Rural: Distant C 36 Morley Stanwood High School Conventional Morley Stanwood Rural: Distant C 37 Springport High School Conventional Springport Rural: Distant C 38 Mayville High School Conventional Mayville Rural: Distant C 39 Central Montcalm High School Conventional Central Montcalm Rural: Distant C 40 Alcona Community High School Conventional Alcona Rural: Distant C 41 Saranac High School Conventional Saranac Rural: Distant C 42 Centreville High School Conventional Centreville Rural: Distant C 43 Mason County Central High School Conventional Mason County Central Rural: Distant C 44 Beal City High School Conventional Beal City Rural: Distant C

68 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 60 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 45 Brimley Jr/Sr High Conventional Brimley Rural: Distant C 46 Standish-Sterling Central High School Conventional Standish-Sterling Rural: Distant C 47 Holton High School Conventional Holton Rural: Distant C 48 East Jordan High School Conventional East Jordan Rural: Distant C 49 Pewamo-Westphalia Jr/Sr High School Conventional Pewamo-Westphalia Rural: Distant C 50 Manchester High School Conventional Manchester Rural: Distant C 51 New Lothrop High School Conventional New Lothrop Rural: Distant C 52 Pinconning High School Conventional Pinconning Rural: Distant C 53 Suttons Bay Sr High School Conventional Suttons Bay Rural: Distant C 54 Delton-Kellogg High School Conventional Delton-Kellogg Rural: Distant C 55 Homer Community High School Conventional Homer Rural: Distant C 56 Coleman Jr/Sr High School Conventional Coleman Rural: Distant C 57 Yale Sr High School Conventional Yale Rural: Distant C 58 Martin High School Conventional Martin Rural: Distant C 59 Hopkins High School Conventional Hopkins Rural: Distant C 60 Fulton High School Conventional Fulton Rural: Distant C 61 Ross Beatty High School Conventional Cassopolis Rural: Distant C 62 Lakeview High School Conventional Lakeview (Montcalm) Rural: Distant C 63 McBain High School Conventional McBain Rural Agricultural Rural: Distant C 64 Shepherd High School Conventional Shepherd Rural: Distant C 65 River Valley High School Conventional River Valley Rural: Distant C 66 North Branch High School Conventional North Branch Rural: Distant C 67 Capac High School Conventional Capac Rural: Distant C 68 Reese High School Conventional Reese Rural: Distant C 69 Maple Valley Jr/Sr High School Conventional Maple Valley Rural: Distant C 70 Unionville-Sebewaing High School Conventional Unionville-Sebewaing Rural: Distant C 71 Olivet High School Conventional Olivet Rural: Distant C 72 Athens High School Conventional Athens Rural: Distant C 73 Bronson Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bronson Rural: Distant C 74 Ravenna High School Conventional Ravenna Rural: Distant C 75 Breckenridge High School Conventional Breckenridge Rural: Distant C 76 Leslie High School Conventional Leslie Rural: Distant C 77 Peck Jr/Sr High School Conventional Peck Rural: Distant C 78 Stockbridge High School Conventional Stockbridge Rural: Distant C 79 Fowler High School Conventional Fowler Rural: Distant C 80 Addison Jr/Sr High School Conventional Addison Rural: Distant C 81 Tri County Sr High School Conventional Tri County Rural: Distant D 82 Reading High School Conventional Reading Rural: Distant D 83 Quincy High School Conventional Quincy Rural: Distant D 84 Byron Area High School Conventional Byron Rural: Distant D 85 Chesaning Union High School Conventional Chesaning Union Rural: Distant D 86 Clinton High School Conventional Clinton Rural: Distant D 87 Memphis High School Conventional Memphis Rural: Distant D 88 Hanover-Horton High School Conventional Hanover-Horton Rural: Distant D 89 Ovid-Elsie High School Conventional Ovid-Elsie Rural: Distant D

69 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 61 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 90 Beaverton High School Conventional Beaverton Rural Rural: Distant D 91 St. Charles Community High School Conventional St. Charles Rural: Distant D 92 Laingsburg High School Conventional Laingsburg Rural: Distant D 93 Dansville High School Conventional Dansville Rural: Distant D 94 Hudson Area High School Conventional Hudson Rural: Distant D 95 LakeVille High School Conventional LakeVille Rural: Distant D 96 Union City High School Conventional Union City Rural: Distant D 97 Pittsford Area High School Conventional Pittsford Rural: Distant D 98 Pickford High School Conventional Pickford Rural: Distant D 99 Dryden High School Conventional Dryden Rural: Distant D 100 Merrill High School Conventional Merrill Rural: Distant D 101 Tri-Township School Conventional Rapid River Rural: Distant D 102 Onsted Community High School Conventional Onsted Rural: Distant D 103 Sand Creek High School Conventional Sand Creek Rural: Distant D 104 North Adams High School Conventional North Adams-Jerome Rural: Distant D 105 Grant High School Conventional Grant Rural: Distant D 106 Bellevue Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bellevue Rural: Distant F 107 Britton-Macon Area School Conventional Britton-Macon Rural: Distant F 108 Armada High School Conventional Armada Rural: Distant F 109 Grass Lake High School Conventional Grass Lake Rural: Distant F 110 Summerfield High School Conventional Summerfield Rural: Distant F 1 Baldwin Sr High School Conventional Baldwin Rural: Remote A 2 Mio AuSable High School Conventional Mio AuSable Rural: Remote A 3 Benzie Central Sr High School Conventional Benzie County Central Rural: Remote A 4 Fairview High School Conventional Fairview Rural: Remote A 5 Whittemore-Prescott Area High School Conventional Whittemore-Prescott Rural: Remote A 6 Gwinn High School Conventional Gwinn Rural: Remote A 7 Brethren High School Conventional Kaleva Norman Dickson Rural: Remote A 8 Forest Area High School Conventional Forest Rural: Remote A 9 Harbor Beach Community High School Conventional Harbor Beach Rural: Remote A 10 Hart High School Conventional Hart Rural: Remote B 11 Montabella Jr/Sr High Conventional Montabella Rural: Remote B 12 Central Lake Public School Conventional Central Lake Rural: Remote B 13 Chippewa Hills High School Conventional Chippewa Hills Rural: Remote B 14 Vestaburg Community High School Conventional Vestaburg Rural: Remote B 15 Hale High School Conventional Hale Rural: Remote B 16 Bark River-Harris Jr/Sr High School Conventional Bark River-Harris Rural: Remote B 17 Frankfort High School Conventional Frankfort-Elberta Rural: Remote B 18 Ogemaw Heights High School Conventional West Branch-Rose City Rural: Remote C 19 Pine River High School Conventional Pine River Rural: Remote C 20 Inland Lakes High School Conventional Inland Lakes Rural: Remote C 21 Marlette Jr/Sr High School Conventional Marlette Rural: Remote C 22 Laker High School Conventional Elkton-Pigeon-Bay Port Laker Rural: Remote C

70 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 62 The Michigan Public High School CAP Report Card: Sorted by Locale 23 Hillman Community Jr/Sr High School Conventional Hillman Rural: Remote C 24 Pellston Middle/High School Conventional Pellston Rural: Remote C 25 Maple City-Glen Lake Jr/Sr High School Conventional Glen Lake Rural: Remote C 26 Forest Park School Conventional Forest Park Rural: Remote C 27 Onaway Sr High School Conventional Onaway Rural: Remote C 28 Mesick Consolidated Jr/Sr High School Conventional Mesick Rural: Remote C 29 Evart High School Conventional Evart Rural: Remote C 30 Munising High and Middle School Conventional Munising Rural: Remote C 31 Baraga Area High School Conventional Baraga Rural: Remote C 32 Camden-Frontier High School Conventional Camden-Frontier Rural: Remote C 33 Bellaire Middle/High School Conventional Bellaire Rural: Remote C 34 Ontonagon Area Jr/Sr High School Conventional Ontonagon Rural: Remote D 35 Stephenson High School Conventional Stephenson Rural: Remote D 36 L'Anse High School Conventional L'Anse Rural: Remote D 37 Kingston High School Conventional Kingston Rural: Remote D 38 Marion High School Conventional Marion Rural: Remote D

71 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 63 Appendix A: Notes on Testing Other Variables and Data Integrity The ideal model is simple and has strong explanatory power. As discussed in the main text, the model s primary variable is a scaled free-and-reduced-pricelunch count ( FRL ), which serves as a proxy for socioeconomic status. We did, however, consider other demographic variables. For instance, female students have been found to outperform male students on some standardized tests. 38 Accordingly, we tested a variable representing a school s percentage of female students, but found that the variable did not add significantly to the model s explanatory power (see Graphic 17). In addition, studies have documented achievement gaps between white and black students and between white and Hispanic students (though these gaps may be narrowing). 39 We therefore tested a variable that represented a school s percentage of white students. As with the variable for the percentage of female students, we found that accounting for the percentage of white students did not add significantly to the model s explanatory power. We found the same for a variable representing the percentage of white female students. 40 We also tested a school size variable. School size presents an interesting variable because the relationship to student achievement would likely be nonlinear: Larger schools may have more resources with which to improve performance; smaller schools, on the other hand, may be better able to adapt to the learning needs of individual students. We tested to see if there was a significant nonlinear relationship between school size and performance. After controlling for the school s FRL ratio, we found limited significant relationships. As found in columns (1) through (5) of Graphic 17, the inclusion of the additional regressors based on sex, race and school size improves the model s predictive power, and an examination of the significance levels of the additional regressor coefficients shows some variables are significant at the 5 percent level. Nevertheless, the improvements in predictive power are marginal, and including the additional variables would have only increased the model s complexity for little measurable gain. Hence, we excluded these variables from the model. FRL is the dominant variable in any case Catherine E. Freeman, Trends in Educational Equity of Girls & Women: 2004, (U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 2005), (accessed June 27, 2012). 39 The Black-White Test Score Gap, eds. Christopher Jencks and Meredith Phillips (The Brookings Institution, 1998). 40 Another demographic variable that is sometimes considered is the percentage of English Language Learners. See, for instance, Grover J. Whitehurst and Michelle Croft, The Harlem Children s Zone, Promise Neighborhoods, and the Broader, Bolder Approach to Education, (The Brookings Institution, 2010), goo.gl/aejwc (accessed June 27, 2012). ELL data are not publicly available for individual Michigan high schools, however. ELL is also an administrative categorization that may be prone to subjective biases from school to school. 41 As shown in Graphic 17, our model produced an average adjusted R-squared value of 0.64 using just FRL counts. Full regression results are available on request.

72 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 64 Graphic 17: Adjusted R-Squared Values for Various Context and Performance Models Context and Performance Models Adjusted R-square values Test Year Base model (1) + Percentage White (2) + Percentage Female (3) + Percentage White and Percentage Female (4) + School Size Variables (5) ACT Math Reading Science Writing Social Studies Average

73 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 65 The Arkansas study also included several other variables: the median household income of families with school-age children in a school district; the percentage of school district residents over the age of 25 with at least a high school diploma; the percentage of school district residents over the age of 25 with at least a bachelor s degree; and the percentage of married parents among the district s families with school-age children. 42 Although some of these variables were found to have a statistical relationship to student performance in the Arkansas study, 43 we were unable to test them in Michigan because these data are not available. The Arkansas study also tested whether per-pupil district operating expenditures affected student performance. No statistically significant relationship was found. 44 This result is consistent with most findings in the research literature. 45 Hence, we did not test this variable. In the end, we adopted a simplified model that includes only the FRL index as a primary explanatory variable. Regarding data integrity: All unavailable records were set either with unknown values (when data were not reported due to small sample size) or with missing values when missing. The distributions of the various variable values were then examined for outliers and potentially impossible values. None of the variables used in this study exhibited any issues. 42 Greene et al., The School Performance Index in Arkansas, (University of Arkansas, 2006), 2-3, (accessed March 1, 2012). 43 Ibid., ii. 44 Ibid. 45 See, for instance, Eric Hanushek, Assessing the Effects of School Resources on Student Performance: An Update, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 19, no. 2 (1997): 145, (accessed July 9, 2012). Note also that per-pupil district operating expenditures may not reflect per-pupil school operating expenditures. Dennis J. Condron and Vincent J. Roscigno, Disparities Within: Unequal Spending and Achievement in an Urban School District, Sociology of Education 76, no. 1 (2003) (accessed July 9, 2012).

74 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 66 Appendix B: Calculating CAP Scores and Letter Grades Calculating CAP Scores The CAP Score provides an indicator of school performance while controlling for characteristics of the high school. In our analysis, we use both average student performance on the ACT and Michigan benchmark exams as our primary indicators of student achievement. The various exams have different distributions, and therefore we first adjust the distribution of each exam for each year such that it has a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. More specifically: Adjusted Performance = [ (School Avg. State Avg.) ] Std. Dev. of State Avg. The CAP Score is a measure intended to control for the performances of schools while controlling for its characteristics with the use of a regression model (Greene et al, 2006). We control for the proportion of students that qualify for free or reduced price lunch (FRL), allowing us to assess the performance of a high school given its demographics. In order to do this, we run ordinary least squares regressions with schools test scores as the dependent variable and an FRL index as the independent variable: Adj_Perf s,t = β 0 + β 1 FRL s,t + μ s,t (1) where Adj_Perf is the average test score at school s in year t, s,t β 0 is a constant, β 1 is the estimated impact of FRL index on a school s average score, FRL s,t is an index that weights FRL student counts according to the percentage of students eligible for free lunch and reduced-price lunch at school s in year t, 46 and µ s,t is the error term. 46 See Appendix C: Free and Reduced-Price Lunch Weights for more detail. The regression outlined in (1) allows us to control for the contribution that FRL percentage has on school achievement. For example, if the coefficient on the FRL index is 0.01, the score for a school with a 100 on the FRL index is on average one point lower than the score for a school with a 0 on the FRL index. If a school with a 100 FRL index obtains a score that is the same as the statewide average, then it would have a residual score of +1.0, since this school scored one point higher than predicted based on the regression coefficient for FRL. After obtaining the coefficient estimates from these regressions, we compare a school s actual performance relative to the performance predicted by the regression.

75 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 67 A school s CAP Score is determined by dividing the school s actual performance by its predicted performance and multiplying by 100: CAP Score = 100 * Actual Performance Predicted Performance Therefore, schools that have a CAP Score over 100 perform better than predicted relative to other schools, and schools that score lower than 100 perform worse than predicted relative to other schools. A school s average CAP Score for a given test (e.g., the ACT ) is its average CAP Score across years of available data. Assigning Letter Grades High schools are assigned letter grades for each test based on average CAP Scores across years. CAP Scores are based on performances relative to predicted expectations, and the regression coefficients and residuals are affected by the schools performances relative to other schools. Therefore, high school grades are assigned based on a bell curve: Grade Percentage of Schools A 10 B 20 C 40 D 20 F 10 CAP Scores for test levels are then averaged across years. High schools are assigned a letter grade for average scores based on the same bell curve provided in the table above. For example: School Year Test A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School Score CAP Values Grade 2008 ACT C 2009 ACT A 2010 ACT B 2011 ACT C Average ACT B

76 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 68 Finally, an overall grade is assigned to each high school for its average of average test levels. 47 For example: School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School A.D. Johnston Jr/Sr High School Test Score CAP Values Grade ACT B MME Math B MME Reading B MME Science B MME Writing C MME Social Studies C Average B 47 A school s overall grade simply averages all available test scores. In some instances, schools are missing an average score for a given test in a given year. Missing data are largely the result of small testing samples. In these cases, the overall grade is based solely on the test scores available.

77 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 69 Appendix C: Free and Reduced-Price Lunch Weights We have created a new FRL measure that takes advantage of the fact that the data include both free- and reduced-lunch school head counts. The new measure reweights the counts by multiplying free-lunch eligible students by 2 and reducedlunch eligible students by Specifically: New FRL Index = 48 This methodology is also used here: 2011 Arkansas Benchmark Test Results: District by District Scores, (University of Arkansas: Office for Education Policy, 2011), Sz910 (accessed July 2, 2012). 100 * [2 * (Free-Lunch Eligible) + 1 * (Reduced-Lunch Eligible)] Total School Head Count Whereas the original FRL percentage variable ranges from 0 to 100, the New FRL Index ranges from 0 to 200, where a school that is 100 percent composed of free-lunch eligible students has a value of 200. To see the benefit of this measure, consider two hypothetical schools: School Free-lunch % Reduced-lunch % FRL % New FRL Index School A School B Whereas School A and School B look identical by the FRL percentage measure, the FRL Index highlights that School B is serving a more disadvantaged student body. The regression results indicate that this new measure improves the model s explanatory power. Results with the alternative, more traditional measure of FRL percentage are available on request.

78 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 70 Appendix D: Regression Results To calculate the CAP Scores, we made use of a linear regression that predicts school performance while controlling for a school s percentage of students eligible for free or reduced-price lunches under the National School Lunch Program. In general, our regression results indicate a statistically significant negative relationship between the percentage of FRL-eligible students and standardized test scores for 11th-graders. This process allows us to adjust a high school s performance to account for the socioeconomic status of its student population. Graphic 18 shows the coefficient estimates for the model. In general, the model does a better job of explaining the variations in the data after 2008 (see the adjusted R-squared values). 49 Graphic 18: Coefficient Estimates for Model School Year Test ACT Coefficient Estimate Constant * * * * (0.91) (0.89) (0.81) (0.84) FRL Scale -0.31* -0.31* -0.31* -0.31* Additional Information (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) N This period from 2008 through 2011 corresponded to a 24 percent increase in the percentage of Michigan public school students who (according to the public school districts in which they were enrolled) qualified for an NSLP free or reducedprice lunch. Authors calculations based on Free and Reduced Lunch Counts, (Center for Educational Performance and Information, 2012), (accessed July 9, 2012). Since the relationship between FRL and performance remained stable, the higher proportion of FRLeligible students may explain the increases in the explanatory power of the model. Adjusted R-square Math Coefficient Estimate Constant * * * * (0.95) (0.78) (0.81) (0.83) FRL Scale -0.31* -0.31* -0.31* -0.29* (0.02) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) Additional Information N Adjusted R-square Reading Coefficient Estimate Constant * * * * (0.91) (0.74) (0.82) (0.76) FRL Scale -0.31* -0.32* -0.31* -0.30* (0.02) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) Additional Information N

79 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 71 School Year Test Adjusted R-square Science Coefficient Estimate Constant * * * * (0.90) (0.71) (0.74) (0.75) FRL Scale -0.32* -0.32* -0.31* -0.30* (0.02) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) Additional Information N Adjusted R-square Writing Coefficient Estimate Constant * * * * (0.96) (0.85) (0.90) (0.92) FRL Scale -0.30* -0.30* -0.30* -0.28* (0.02) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) Additional Information N Adjusted R-square Social Studies Coefficient Estimate Constant * * * * (0.91) (0.78) (0.73) (0.79) FRL Scale -0.31* -0.32* -0.31* -0.30* (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) Additional Information N Adjusted R-square * Denotes significance at the 1 percent level. Notes: Robust standard errors are presented in parentheses.

80 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 72 Appendix E: Filtering the List of Michigan Public High Schools In developing the Context and Performance Report Card, we attempted to include only those Michigan public high schools whose primary purpose was providing general education. We attempted to exclude high schools that served, for example, only students with disabilities or students at risk of dropping out of school. Including data from such specialized high schools would compare too many apples to oranges and weaken the results for the statistical model. Data from the National Center for Education Statistics were used initially to identify and exclude schools that were not primarily engaged in general education. 50 Of the 967 public high schools for which there were 2011 MME scores, 714 had a school type labeled regular school. Schools labeled alternative/other school, vocational school and special education school were removed from the data set. We also removed another eight schools that were not labeled as alternative/other school by NCES, but were easily identifiable as such. 50 Common Core of Data: Build a Table, (U.S. Department of Education: National Center for Education Statistics), (accessed May 15, 2012). After these adjustments, we counted 706 regular public high schools in Michigan. We then re-examined the NCES dataset and removed 22 more high schools that had identified their school emphasis as either alternative education or special education. Of the remaining 684 schools, 92 did not have enough data from 2008 to 2011 to be used in the statistical model. Upon review, and after phoning some of these 92 schools, we concluded that 17 of them are alternative high schools. These 17 schools are not listed in the CAP Report Card in Appendix A, while the other 75 high schools are, though they are identified as having insufficient data to receive CAP Scores. In the end, while 667 public high schools appear in Appendix A, only 592 were included in the statistical model for the CAP Report Card. After examining the results of the model, we called a number of schools whose names suggested their primary focus was not general education. Of these, seven schools were later confirmed by school officials themselves to be special education or alternative schools, even though they were not identified as such in the NCES data. The seven schools were: AdvancePath Academy, Battle Creek Area Learning Center, Butcher Community Center, Community Middle/Community High School, Schools of Choice, Southfield Regional Academic Campus and Trillium Academy. The results for these seven schools, although included in the model, are not displayed in the CAP Report Card. Hence, with all filtering complete, the CAP Report Card displays results for 585 public high schools.

81 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 73 Appendix F: Locale Code Definitions 51 The National Center for Education Statistics assigns a school a particular locale code based on a formula created by the United States Census Bureau. The Census Bureau s urban-centric locale codes categorize urban and suburban areas into subgroups based on their size; towns and rural areas are categorized based on their distance from urbanized areas and urban clusters. Distances are determined using straight-line or Euclidean distance. NCES concedes this methodology does not account for the presence or absence of road networks that may offer point-to-point drive time estimates, but the agency justifies it by pointing out that accounting for transportation infrastructure modifications could produce significant fluctuations. The agency also notes that its methodology provides data users with a simple and familiar concept that is analytically useful and relatively easy to implement. 52 The verbatim definitions of the 12 different locale codes appear in Graphic 19. Graphic 19: NCES Locale Code Definitions (Verbatim From Original) 53 Locale Code City: Large City: Midsize City: Small Suburb: Large Suburb: Midsize Suburb: Small Town: Fringe Town: Distant Town: Remote Rural: Fringe Rural: Distant Rural: Remote Definition Territory inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with population of 250,000 or more Territory inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with population less than 250,000 and greater than or equal to 100,000 Territory inside an urbanized area and inside a principal city with population less than 100,000 Territory outside a principal city and inside an urbanized area with population of 250,000 or more Territory outside a principal city and inside an urbanized area with population less than 250,000 and greater than or equal to 100,000 Territory outside a principal city and inside an urbanized area with population less than 100,000 Territory inside an urban cluster that is less than or equal to 10 miles from an urbanized area Territory inside an urban cluster that is more than 10 miles and less than or equal to 35 miles from an urbanized area Territory inside an urban cluster that is more than 35 miles [from] an urbanized area Census-defined rural territory that is less than or equal to 5 miles from an urbanized area, as well as rural territory that is less than or equal to 2.5 miles from an urban cluster Census-defined rural territory that is more than 5 miles but less than or equal to 25 miles from an urbanized area, as well as rural territory that is more than 2.5 miles but less than or equal to 10 miles from an urban cluster Census-defined rural territory that is more than 25 miles from an urbanized area and is also more than 10 miles from an urban cluster 51 Some of this language also appears in a previously published Mackinac Center study. See Michael Van Beek, "Revenues and Spending of Michigan's Urban, Suburban, Town and Rural School Districts: ," (Mackinac Center for Public Policy, 2011), (accessed June 18, 2012). 52 Tai Phan and Mark Gander, Documentation to the NCES Common Core of Data Local Education Agency Locale Code File: School Year ," (National Center for Education Statistics, 2007), 7-8, (accessed Feb. 22, 2011). 53 Ibid., 3-4 Source: National Center for Education Statistics

82 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 74 NCES uses the following definitions to clarify the terms contained in Graphic 19 (verbatim from original): 54 Principal City: Principal cities are large places that serve as the primary population and employment centers within a county or counties associated with at least one core area of 10,000 or greater population, or Core Based Statistical Area. 55 Urban (urbanized area and urban clusters): An urban area is a densely settled core of Census Bureau-defined census block groups and census blocks that meet minimum population density requirements. A core area that contains a population of 50,000 or more is classified as an urbanized area, and a core area with a population between 2,500 and 50,000 is classified as an urban cluster. 54 Ibid., Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas, (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010), (accessed Feb. 23, 2011). Rural: All population and territory not included in an urbanized area or urban cluster.

83 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 75

84 The Michigan Public High School Context and Performance Report Card 76 About the Authors Michael Van Beek is director of education policy at the Mackinac Center for Public Policy, where he oversees the Center s education research and publications. His analysis and commentary has been published in The Wall Street Journal, The Detroit News, the Detroit Free Press, The Grand Rapids Press and The Oakland Press, among other newspapers. Van Beek obtained his Master of Arts in American history in 2005 from Purdue University, where he also held teaching assistantships. He received his Bachelor of Arts in 2003 from Hope College. Daniel Bowen is a Ph.D. candidate in education policy and a distinguished doctoral fellow at the University of Arkansas. Bowen received his Bachelor of Arts in political science and Master of Education from the University of Notre Dame. He has published and presented research on school accountability, school choice and the value of noncore school subjects and extracurricular activities. Jonathan Mills is a doctoral academy fellow studying education policy at the University of Arkansas. Mills received his Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts in economics from the University of Missouri. Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the following people for their assistance: Marc Holley, Ph.D., evaluation unit director, Walton Family Foundation Dr. Matthew Ladner, senior advisor of policy and research, Foundation for Excellence in Education Jay P. Greene, Ph.D., endowed chair and head of the Department of Education Reform, University of Arkansas Andrew J. Coulson, director of the Center for Educational Freedom, Cato Institute, and adjunct scholar, Lindsey Dodge, assistant editor, Mackinac Center Audrey Spalding, education policy analyst, Mackinac Center Christina Bolema, Mackinac Center communications intern Victoria Hechtman, Mackinac Center communications intern Evan Burgess, Mackinac Center graphics intern Although these individuals helped significantly with this study, any errors in the report are the responsibility of the authors alone.

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86 The is dedicated to improving the understanding of economic and political principles among citizens, public officials, policymakers and opinion leaders. The Center has emerged as one of the largest and most prolific of the more than 50 state-based free-market think tanks in America. Additional information about the Mackinac Center and its publications can be found at Additional copies of this report are available for order from the Mackinac Center. For more information, call , or see our website, Michael Van Beek is director of education policy at the. His analysis and commentary has been published in The Wall Street Journal, The Detroit News, the Detroit Free Press, The Grand Rapids Press, The Oakland Press and elsewhere. Van Beek obtained his Master of Arts in American history from Purdue University and his Bachelor of Arts in history from Hope College. Daniel Bowen is a Ph.D. candidate in education policy and a distinguished doctoral fellow at the University of Arkansas. Bowen received his Bachelor of Arts in political science and Master of Education from the University of Notre Dame. He has published and presented research on school accountability, school choice and the value of noncore school subjects and extracurricular activities. Jonathan Mills is a doctoral academy fellow studying education policy at the University of Arkansas. Mills received his Bachelor of Science and Master of Arts in economics from the University of Missouri. 2012, Midland, Michigan ISBN: S West Main Street P.O. Box 568 Midland, Michigan Fax [email protected]