GLOBAL CREDIT REPORTING PROGRAM (GCRP)*

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1 GLOBAL CREDIT REPORTING PROGRAM (GCRP)* January 2015 *Formerly known as Global Credit Bureau Program.

2 GCRP at a glance Number of countries where advisory services were provided in FY13: over 60 countries. Number of credit reporting systems created or significantly improved to date: 30 countries (Bangladesh, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Costa Rica, China, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Lao PDR, Maldives, Morocco, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, South Africa, Suriname, Tanzania, Tajikistan, Tonga, Vanuatu, and Vietnam). Number of countries covered under Doing Business Report for credit reporting: 189. Number of new laws/regulations drafted or contributed to drafting (to date): 33. Number of roundtables, seminars, conferences, and other outreach events: 158 events in over 90 countries. Key contributions to developing General Principles of Credit Reporting.

3 Globally, half of all working-age adults are unbanked Adults with account at formal financial institution (average in %) Source: Global Findex Database, World Bank 2012

4 In emerging markets, roughly 50-60% of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) remain unbanked & underserved Formal and informal MSMEs sector Total credit gap

5 The state of credit reporting goes hand in hand with access to finance Source: IFC Credit Reporting Knowledge Guide (2012)

6 Expanding Access to Finance (A2F) in the interest of endusers Creating and improving financial infrastructure Credit reporting service providers*, payment systems and collateral registries Legal and regulatory framework Close collaboration with World Bank/IBRD Working with financial institutions Retail/SME banks, microfinance, housing, leasing Comprehensive, long-term institution building programs Synergies between investment and advisory services Market Infrastructure Bank A Bank C Bank B Measuring impact on the End Users *Credit bureaus and registries

7 Program scope and deliverables Develop credit information sharing environments Advice and support to government authorities, review legal and regulatory frameworks, outreach and awareness raising, standards setting Brazil, China, Morocco, Panama, Romania, Vietnam, Algeria, Cambodia Direct support to develop new credit bureaus and credit registries Feasibility studies, assessments, operational support, honest broker role, encourage international best practices Egypt (i-score), Central America (TUCA), Romania (Biroul de Credit), Algeria (Bank of Algeria), Bangladesh (CIB), Ethiopia Enhance existing bureaus Positive information sharing, value-added services, commercial solutions South Africa (CompuScan), Pakistan (Datacheck)

8 Role of Credit Reporting Service Providers in financial markets Decreases information asymmetries between borrowers and lenders Allows lenders to more accurately evaluate risks and improve portfolio quality Eases adverse selection problem and lowers the costs of credit for a good borrower Increases credit volume/improves access to credit Supports introduction of credit scoring and automated underwriting, lowers lender operational costs and improves profitability

9 Growth of Credit Reporting Systems

10 Status of credit reporting service providers globally Out of 189 economies*: 31 have both credit bureau(s) and registry 90 have credit registry 86 have credit bureau(s) 13 did not provide any information *Out of 189 economies, 176 provided information on DB Getting Credit Indicator Source: Doing Business 2015

11 Comprehensive information sharing gives best results

12 % respondent banks Full information sharing improves credit granting 70 Bank Assessments of the Impact of Credit Registries Decrease in processing time Change of 25% or more Decrease in costs No change Decrease in defaults Source: Doing Business in 2004, based on World Bank surveys of banks in 34 countries in

13 Broader information sharing helps more people and businesses access credit Percent of Applicants who Obtain a Loan % increase in approval rate % increase in approval rate Negative only Positive and Negative information Retail only Retail and other lenders Source: Barron and Staten (2000). Figure shows the simulated credit availability assuming a target default rate of 3%.

14 Small firms benefit from credit bureaus Estimates based on data on 5000 firms in 51 countries % of Small Firms Reporting High Financing Constraints 49% Probability of Obtaining a Bank Loan for a Small Firm 40% 28% 27% Without credit bureau With credit bureau Without credit bureau With credit bureau Source: Love & Mylenko (2003).

15 Positive credit information reduces default rates Argentina Brazil % decrease in default rate % decrease In default rate 1.84 Negative only Positive and Negative information Negative only Positive and Negative information Note: Estimates are based on information on large loans from credit registries in Argentina and Brazil. Graph represents predicted default rates at 60% approval rate. Based on Majnoni, Miller, Mylenko and Powell (2003) Public Credit Information Systems: Evaluating Available Information, World Bank.

16 The Limits of Traditional Financial Data & Promise of Alternative Data Alternative Data can be used to better assess RISK and CAPACITY of borrowers. For example: The probability of a serious delinquency on a loan (above 60 or above 90 days beyond term) Creditworthiness, credit capacity, and credit risk (e.g., income stability) Unserved & Underserved stand to benefit the most! Traditional Data Works ONLY for borrowers already in the credit reporting system, while the rest are faced with catch- 22. For example: How to extend credit to those without collateral (or valued collateral)? How to provide access to those in the informal sector (often large share of the population)? Simply, the excluded remain excluded! Source: PERC and IFC (2012)

17 Global Credit Reporting Program: current engagements* Latin America & Caribbean Eastern Europe & Central Asia Middle East & North Africa Sub Saharan Africa Asia & Pacific Bahamas Belize Guyana Jamaica OECS Suriname Haiti Pipeline: Barbados and Paraguay. Azerbaijan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Uzbekistan Mongolia Moldova Kosovo Pipeline: Armenia and the Balkans. Afghanistan Arab Initiative Egypt Jordan Pakistan Morocco Pipeline: Tunisia and Iraq. Burundi UEMOA Central Africa (CEMAC) Tanzania Nigeria Ghana Pipeline: Zambia, Liberia, and Malawi. China India Philippines Vietnam Pacific Myanmar Islands(Samoa, Papua New Guinea, Solomon, Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu) Pipeline: Indonesia. * The list reflects the Program s active client countries as of as of December 2014 and does not capture all country involvements to date

18 Global business and delivery model 1. REFORM LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 2. CREATE CREDIT REPORTING SYSTEMS 4. MONITOR IMPACT 3. BUILD CAPACITY Promote Global Knowledge and Expertise

19 Ongoing Knowledge management & dissemination Webpage: Organization of global and regional trainings and conferences Revised Credit Reporting Knowledge Guide The Impact of Credit Information Sharing Reforms on Firm Financing. Impact of Credit Reporting on Firm Financing General Principles for Credit Reporting (CR) CR at the Base of the Pyramid (IFC/CGAP) Planned Financial education on credit reporting for regulators, lenders and end-users Ongoing dissemination through conferences, workshops at global, regional, country level

20 Global Credit Reporting Program: Team HQ Jennifer Barsky Shalini Sankaranarayanan Alban Pruthi Anthony P. Nathan MENA Oscar Madeddu CEU & SECA Fabrizio Fraboni LAC Shalini Sankaranarayanan* SSA Luz Maria Salamina Moyo Violet Ndonde Peter Sheerin Asia & Pacific Tony Lythgoe Colin Raymond Peter Sheerin Hung Hoang Ngovandan *Acting LAC Specialist