Social and Behavioural Aspects of Housing and Market Response a case of suburbs or housing estates

Transcription

1 Social and Behavioural Aspects of Housing and Market Response a case of suburbs or housing estates Mari Vaattovaara Professor of Urban Geography Helsinki, Finland

2 Contents Role and importance of the suburbs a major issue in terms of urban future or sustainability Historical context How to approach Social and Behavioural Aspects of Housing and Market Response - A case from the edge of the Helsinki metropolitan area The challenge

3 Role and importance of suburbs a major issue in terms of urban future or urban sustainability 1/3 of the apartment buildings locate in the suburbs 1/5 of the population lives in suburbs

4 The process of urbanisation was late in Finland Total 2,6 million apartments Erilliset pientalot Detached houses Asuinkerrostalot Block of flats Rivi- ja ketjutalot Attached houses Lähde:Tilastokeskus Source: Statistics Finland; Hannu Rossilahti/ Ara

5 However, there has been a rapid economic restructuring through industrialisation and urbanisation towards the new economy

6 as almost any index would show Finland in particular appears to be well-positioned to compete in the Creative Age with a high level of overall creative competitiveness and rapid growth in its creative capabilities (Florida and Tinagli, 2004)

7 Employment in the new economy Employment in creative and knowledge intensive industries (%) Housing Market Vaattovaara & al ACRE Amsterdam 26 tight market Barcelona 22 tight market Birmingham 25 tight market ACRE Acommodating creative knowledge FP 6 research led by Sako Musterd - Amsterdam Dublin 21 tight market Helsinki 30 tight market Milan 31 tight market Munich 29 tight market Toulouse 22 tight market

8 whereas cities such as Stockholm, Helsinki and Stuttgart have growing populations, and are known for high skills and goog access Parkinson, 2005

9 A case from the edge of fast growing metropolis how to approach Social and Behavioural Aspects of Housing and Market Response?

10 Traditional and as such - more and more advanced way is to start from the technical details and possibilities (Jyri Nieminen VTT)

11 Heating VTT Jyri Nieminen

12 Air-conditioning

13 Exteriors

14 Doors and windows etc

15 Or from architectural or urban planning premises

16 Potential of the renewal /TKK dept. of architecture

17 Suunnitelma ja visualisointi: TKK Arkkitehtuurin laitos, Puurakentaminen Helsinki University of Technology, Dept. of architecture/ VTT

18

19 Urban planning pespective radan ylittävä kalteva viherkansi (alla pysäköintiä) radan ylittävät siltamaiset talot porttitalo radan ylittävä kalteva viherkansi (alla pysäköintiä) Uudet talot

20 It might, however result in a unexpected situation

21 In our case we stated by trying to understand the historical context why were they built

22 Peltosaari was born as part of the industrialisation of Finland All the future predictions and best calculations expected the industrialisation and construction to continue Peltosaari was built according to these predictions best available knowledge Planning and building represents the style, standard and efficiency of the time

23 .

24 Over half of the population was predicted to work in the traditional industries during 1990 s

25 Now the suburb is a part of knowldge intensive, pocket sized metropolitan region And the success or failiour depends on the municipality s and suburbs ability to attract highly educated middle class Municipality of Riihimäki has not succeeded too well according to any index that we used

26 As part of this national restructuring process several suburbs have lost their position

27 Male employment rate 2007 Miesten työllisyysaste, % Ikävakioitu 85,7-94,7 83,4-85,6 79,4-83,3 75,0-79,3 63,0-74,9 Vantaa PKS 81,8 Helsinki 79,4 Espoo 85,7 Vantaa 83,4 Kaun. 87,1 Espoo Helsinki Helsingin kaupunki, Kaupunkimittausosasto 056/2008 Opiskelijat mukana työllisissä. Ikävakioitu, vakioväestönä vuoden 2007 miehet

28 Peltosaari is in its own category

29 Housing market position in the Helsinki metropolitan area Peltosaari Havukoski Asukasluku ( ) vuotiaat 16,9 16, vuotiaat 69,9 71,1 65-vuotiaat ja sitä vanhemmat 13,3 12,7 lapsiperheiden osuus asuntokunnista 17,4 18,8 pienituloisten kuluttajatalouksien ( /v) suhteellinen osuus kaikista kuluttajatalouksista 67 48,4 pienituloisten ( /v)osuus kuluttajista 53,1 33,6 vain perusasteen suorittaneet yli 18-vuotiaista 44,8 39,5 opiskelijat (v. 2004) 9 7,3 eläkeläiset (v. 2004) 22,5 17,2 työttömät (v. 2004) 27 12,1 omistusasuntojen osuus asuntokannasta 30,7 50,9 vuokra-asuntojen osuus asuntokannasta 64,3 46,2

30 Spatial differences are huge

31 A survey was sent to all of the residents feelings of insecurity were high (25%) Fear of violence was on its own level (10% / 24%)

32 Interviews of the local actors and residents Even if many of the local acticivists were highly committed to the site and were defending it, by stating how nice it is to live there The survey revieled that the willingness to move among the residents is high

33 Especially high among the knowledge workers with high education 10 % out of all residents 55 % out of residents with academic degree

34 Thus

35 Central challenge is to overcome the rethoric regeneration Part of the literature concerning regeneration comes dangerously close to painting a romantic picture of large public housing estates as products of working class political action (Alan Murie 2009)

36 The aim should be to develop an area that would (i) support the strategy of the municipality (positioning in the metroarea) (ii) fulfill the requirements of modern construction (ecology, architecture) (iii) take care of the current residents

37 How? By at least including aside to the technical and architectural thinking the historic context, position in the region (housing market), socio-economic situation and the social life of the neighborhood. Which requires Different approaches, questions, methods