REFERENCES. Ali, S. and Hasnain, S. E. (2002) "Molecular dissection of the human Y-

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1 REFERENCES Ali, S. and Hasnain, S. E. (2002) "Molecular dissection of the human Y- chromosome", Gene, 283(1-2), Anderson, S., Bankier, A. T., Barrell, B. G., de Bruijn, L. H. M., Coulson, A. R., Drouin, J., Eperon, J. C., Nierlich, D. P., Roe, B. A., Sanger, F., Scnreier, P. H., Smith, A. J. H., Staden, R. and Young, I. G. (1981) "Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome", Nature, 290(5806), Ballard, J. W. O. and Dean M. D. (2001) "The mitochondrial genome: mutation, selection and recombination", Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 11(6), Barbosa, A. B. G., Silva, L. A. F., Azvedo, D. A., Balbino, V., Q. and Maurici-da- Silva, L. (2008) "Mitochondrial DNA control region polymorphism in the population of Alagoas State, northeastern Brazil", Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53(1), Bhoopat, T. (2001) Forensic mitochondrial DNA analysis in the Northern Thai population, Research report, Chiang Mai University. Bhoopat, T., Leaungsiyakul, T. and Steger, H. F. (2006a) "Forensic value of nine STR loci in Northern Thai", Legal Medicine, 8(3), Bhoopat, T., Sriduangkaew, S. and Steger, H. F. (2006b) "STR loci D10S2325, D16S539 and D19S253: Northern Thai population data", Legal Medicine, 8(5),

2 107 Brody, J. R. and Kern, S. E. (2004) "History and principles of conductive media for standard DNA electrophoresis", Analytical Biochemistry, 333(1), Caenazzo, L., Ponzano, E., Aslan, P. and Cortivo, P. (2003) "Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in 50 unrelated individuals from North Italy", International Congress Series, 1239, Chen, F., Deng, Y., Dang, Y., Zhang, B., Mu, H., Yu, X., Li, L., Yan, C. and Chen, J. (2008) "Genetic polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA HVS-I and HVS-II of Chinese Tu ethnic minority group", Journal of Genetics and Genomics, 35(4), Crespillo, M., Luque, J. A., Paredes, M., Fernández, R., Ramírez, E. and Valverde, J. L. (2000) "Mitochondrial DNA sequences for 118 individuals from northeastern Spain", International Journal of Legal Medicine, 114(1), Debrauwere, H., Gendrel, C. G., Lechat, S. and Dutreix, M. (1997) "Differences and similarities between various tandem repeat sequences: Minisatellites and microsatellites", Biochimie, 79(9-10), Filippini, S. E., Castro, A., Fraga, M. G., Gagliardi, F., Echenique, C. and Di Lonardo, A. M. (2004) "Sequence polymorphisms of mitochondrial control region DNA in Argentine population", International Congress Series, 1261, Frankel, O. H. and Soule, M. E. (1981) "Conservation and Evolution", Cambride University Press, Cambridge. Gaviria, A. A., Ibarra, A. A., Palacio, O. D., Posada, Y. C., Triana, O., Ochoa, L. M., Acosta, M. A., Brión, M., Lareu, M. V. and Carracedo, A. (2005) "Y-

3 108 chromosome haplotype analysis in Antioquia (Colombia)", Forensic Science International, 151(1), Gilbert, W. (1981) "DNA sequencing and gene structure", Bioscience Reports, 1(5), Gray, M. W., Burger, G. and Lang, B. F. (1999) "Mitochondrial Evolution", Science, 283(5407), Gusmão, L., Brion, M., González-Neira, A., Lareu, M. and Carracedo, A. (1999) "Y chromosome specific polymorphisms in forensic analysis", Legal Medicine, 1(2), Hochmeister, M. N. (1995) "DNA technology in forensic applications", Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 16(4), Holland, M. M. and Parson, T. J. (1999) "Mitochondrial DNA sequence analysisvalidation and use for forensic casework", Forensic Sci Reveiw, 11(21). Hoong, L. L. and Lek, K. C. (2005) "Genetic polymorphisms in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I, II and III of the Malaysian population", Asia Pacific Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, 13(2), Hopgood, R., Sullivan, K. M. and Gill, P. (1992) "Strategies for automated sequencing of human mitochondrial DNA directly from PCR products", Biotechniques, 13(1), Ingman, M., Kaessmann, H., Pääbo, S. and Gyllensten, U. (2000) "Mitochondrial genome variation and the origin of modern humans", Nature, 408(6813), Irwin, J. A, Saunier, J. L., Strouss, K. M., Diegoli, T. M., Sturk, K. A., O Callaghan, J. E., Paintner, C. D., Hohoff, C., Brinkmann, B. and Parsons T. J. (2008)

4 109 "Mitochondrial control region sequences from a Vietnamese population sample", International Journal of Legal Medicine, 122(3), Jurka, J. and Gentles, A. J. (2006) "Origin and diversification of minisatellites derived from human Alu sequences", Gene, 365, Kato, H., Maeno, Y., Ohira, H., Yamada, Y. and Nagao, M. (2009) "Molecular analysis of mitochondrial hypervariable region 1 in 394 Japanese individuals", Legal Medicine, 11(Supplement 1), Koehler, J. J., Chia, A. and Lindsey, S. (1995) "The random match probability in DNA evidence: irrelevant and prejudicial?", Jurimetrics Journal, 35, Lee, S. D., Shin, C. H., Kim, K. B., Lee, Y. S. and Lee, J. B. (1997) "Sequence variation of mitochondrial DNA control region in Koreans", Forensic Science International, 87(2): Lima, G., Pontes, M. L., Abrantes, D., Cainé, L., Pereira, M. J., Matos, P. and Pinheiro, M. F. (2006) "HVI and HVII sequence polymorphisms of the human mtdna in the North of Portugal: Population data and maternal lineages", International Congress Series, 1288, Mabuchi, T., Susukida, R. Kido, A. and Oya, M. (2007) "Typing the 1.1kb control region of human mitochondrial DNA in Japanese individuals", Journal of Forensic Sciences, 52(2), Maxam, A. M. and Gilbert, W. (1977) "A new method for sequencing DNA", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 74(2),

5 110 Nara, A., Harihara, S., Iwadate, K. and Uemura, K. (2009) "Sequence analysis for HV I region of mitochondrial DNA using WGA (Whole Genome Amplification) method", Legal Medicine, 11(Supplement 1), S115-S118. Nagai, A., Nakamura, I. and Bunai, Y. (2006) "Analysis of the HVI, HVII and HVIII regions of mtdna in 400 unrelated Japanese", International Congress Series, 1288, Nei, M. and Tajima, F. (1981) "DNA polymorphism detectable by restriction endonucleases", Genetics, 97(1), Nishimaki, Y., Sato, K., Fang, L., Ma, M., Hasekura, H. and Boettcher, B. (1999) "Sequence polymorphism in the mtdna HV1 region in Japanese and Chinese", Legal Medicine 1(4), Orekhov, V., Poltoraus, A., Zhivotovsky, L. A., Spitsyn, V., Iranoc, P. and Yankovsky, N. (1999) "Mitochondrial DNA sequence diversity in Russians", FEBS Letters, 445(1), Pakendorf, B. and Stoneking, M. (2005) "Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution", Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics, 6(1), Pu, C. E., Hsieh, C. M., Chen, M. Y., Wu, F. C. and Sun, C. F. (1999) "Genetic variation at nine STR loci in populations from the Philippines and Thailand living in Taiwan", Forensic Science International, 106(1), 1-6. Quintero, J. M., Borjas, L., Pardo, T., Bracho, D., Huerta, K., Méndez, Y. and Zabala, W. (2009) "Haplotype diversity in mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II in Maracaibo population (Venezuela)", Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement series, 2(1),

6 111 Rubinsztein, D. C., Leggo, J. and Amos, W. (1995) "Microsatellites evolve more rapidly in humans than in Chimpanzees", Genomics, 30(3), Rasmussen, E. M., Sørensen, E., Erikson, B., Larsen, H. J. and Marling, N. (2004) "Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism in 103 unrelated Caucasian Danes", International Congress Series, 1261, Sambrook, J. and Russell, D. W. (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. New York, Cold Spring Harbor. Sanger, F. (1981) "Determination of nucleotide sequences in DNA", Bioscience Reports, 1(1), Schaffner, S. F. (2004) "The X chromosome in population genetics", Nature Review Genetics, 5(1), Schneider, P. M. (2007) "Scientific standards for studies in forensic genetics", Forensic Science International, 165(2-3), Seo, Y., Takami, Y., Nakayama, T. and Takahama, K. (1999) "Y chromosome DNA polymorphisms and their haplotypes in a Japanese population", Legal Medicine, 1(3), Shee, C. Y., Chong, M. S. M., Ng, I. and Chia, T. F. (2005) "Mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region 1 polymorphism in Singapore Chinese population", Legal Medicine, 7(2), Silva, R. and Moura-Neto, R. S. (1998) "Allelic frequency distribution for three VNTR markers-d6s132, D7S467, D17S26 in Rio de Janeiro population, Brazil", Forensic Science International, 94(1-2), Souto, L., Rocha, A. M., Pires, A., Ferreira, E., Kayser, M., Amorim, A., CÖrte-Real, F. and Viegra, D. N. (2006) "Mitochondrial DNA variability in populations

7 112 from East Timor (Timor Leste)", International Congress Series, 1288, Stoneking, M., Hedgecock, D., Higuchi, R. G., Vigilant, L. and Erlich, H. A. (1992) "Population variation of human mtdna control region sequences detected by enzymatic amplification and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes", American Journal of Human Genetics, 48(2), Szczerkowska, Z., Kapinska, E., Wysocka, J. and Cybulska, L. (2004) "Northern Polish population data and forensic usefulness of 15 autosomal STR loci", Forensic Science International, 144(1), Tavares, C. C., Gusmão, L., Domingues, C., Domingues, P., Silva, D. A., Aquino, J., Peixe, C., Amorim, A. and Carvalho, E. F. D. (2008) "Population data for six X-chromosome STR loci in a Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) sample: Usefulness in forensic casework", Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series, 1(1), Tetzlaff, S., Brandstättle, A., Wegener, R., Parson, W. and Weirich, V. (2007) "Mitochondrial DNA population data of HVS-I and HVS-II sequences from a northeast German sample", Forensic Science International, 172(2-3), Thompson, J. D. (1994) "CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice" Oxford journals, 22(22), Tie, J., Wang, X., Suzuki, Y., Tsukamoto, S. and Oshida S. (2004) "Polymorphisms of six Y-chromosome STRs in a Chinese population", Legal Medicine, 6(1),

8 113 Trifunovic, A. (2006) "Mitochondrial DNA and ageing", Biochimic Biophysic Acta (BBA)- Bioenergetics, 1757(5-6), Tsai, L. C., Lin, C. Y., Lee, J. C. I., Chang, J. G., Lincre, A. and Goodwin, W. (2001) "Sequence polymorphism of mitochondrial D-loop DNA in the Taiwanese Han population", Forensic Science International, 119(2), Tsui, P. and Wong, D. M. (1996) "Allele frequencies of four VNTR loci in the Chinese population in Hong Kong", Forensic Science International, 79(3), Wallace, D. C., Brown, M. D. and Lott, M. T. (1999) "Mitochondrial DNA variation in human evolution and disease", Gene, 238(1), Wang, Z. Y., Yu, R. J., Wang F., Li, X. S. and Jin, T. B. (2005) "Genetic polymorphisms of 15 STR loci in Han population from Shaanxi (NW China)", Forensic Science International, 147(1), Wong, H. Y., Tang, J. S. W., Budowle, B., Allard, M. W., Syn, C. K. C., Tan-Siew, T. F. and Chow, S. T. (2007) "Sequence polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable regions I and II in 205 Singapore Malays", Legal Medicine, 9(1), Zarrabeitia, M. T., Alonso, A., Martin,J., González-Gay, M. A., Martin-Escudero, J. C., Martinez de Pancorbo, M., Martin, P., Ruiz-Cabello, F. and Riancho, J. A. (2006) "Analysis of six tetranucleotide polymorphisms of the X-chromosome in different Spanish regions", International Congress Series, 1288, Zeng, X., Rakha, A. and Li, S. (2009) "Genetic polymorphisms of 10X-chromosome STR loci in Chinese Daur ethnic minority group", Legal Medicine, 11(3),

9 114 Ziętkiewicz, E., Yotova, V., Jarnik, M., Korab-Laskowska, M., Kidd, K. K., Modiano, D., Scozzari, R., Stoneking, M., Tishkoff, S., Batzer, M. and Labuda, D. (1997) "Nuclear DNA diversity in worldwide distributed human populations", Gene, 205(1-2), Ziętkiewicz, E., Yotova, V., Jarnik, M., Korab-Laskowska, M., Kidd, K. K., Modiano, D., Scozzari, R., Stoneking, M., Tishkoff, S., Batzer, M. and Labuda, D. (1998) "Genetic structure of the Ancestral population of modern humans", Journal of Molecular Evolution, 47(2),

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