Managing your Inventory

Transcription

1 Managing your Inventory Overview The Inventory command centre controls the way MYOB manages goods and services. You can create items (i.e. things you buy and sell), and set up automatic triggers to remind you when your stock levels fall below pre-determined levels which automatically prepare purchase orders to replenish stock. You can create simple inventory systems which track only the quantity of goods and services you have sold, all the way to the most sophisticated system which tracks your raw materials, direct labour and other manufacturing inputs into production and then follows the finished goods to market. Perpetual vs. Periodical inventory MYOB can be used for either perpetual or periodical inventory management. In MYOB, a Perpetual inventory system is used whenever an item is marked I Inventory This Item. This indicates to MYOB that it should track all monetary and physical movements of the item. When you purchase an item, both your Items List and Inventory account are increased by the value of the purchase. When you sell an item, both your items List and Inventory account are decreased by the value of the item. If all your items in your Items List are linked to the one Inventory account, the values in both places should be equal. Periodical inventory is a system of accounting for inventory in which the goods on hand are determined by a physical count and the cost of goods sold equals the beginning inventory plus purchases less ending inventory. In MYOB, a periodical inventory system is used whenever an item is marked with I Buy and I Sell only. 10/01/2003 Page 1 of 9

2 Creating an Inventory item To create inventory items select Inventory from the Command Centre and select the Item List. The Items List window is displayed; in order to create your inventory items complete the following steps. 1. Click New. 2. In the Item Number field, enter a unique number. You can use up to 30 numbers, letters and symbols. 3. Enter the name of the new item in the Name field using up to 30 characters. 4. Mark the three boxes labelled I Buy This Item, I Sell This Item and I Inventory This Item. As you mark these boxes, you'll notice that other fields automatically appear in the window. In the Cost of Sales Account field, enter the account you want to use to track the costs associated with selling this item. In the Income Account for Tracking Sales field, enter the account you want to use to track the income you receive from the sale of this item. In The Asset Account for Item Inventory field, enter the number of the account you want to use to track the total value of this item. 5. Next, you'll enter purchasing information for the item. Click the Buying Details tab at the top of the Item Information window to display the Buying Details view. a. In the Buying Unit of Measure field, enter the item's buying unit of measure-that is, the method by which this item is packaged when you purchase it. Some typical units of measure are Each, Pair, Case, Gross, Hour and Day. b. In the Number of Items per Buying Unit field, enter the number of items that make up one buying unit-that is, the number of items that will be added to your inventory each time you purchase one of these items. The number you enter depends on how you count your inventory. While in many cases the number you enter will be 1, if you sell lamps individually, for example, you'll enter 2 if you want your inventory to increase by two individual lamps each time you purchase one pair of lamps. 10/01/2003 Page 2 of 9

3 6. If you pay tax when you purchase the item, choose the tax code you want to assign to the item from the Tax Code When Bought list. The item will automatically be assigned the tax code you selected when you enter a line item for this item in the Purchases window. 7. Next, enter selling information for the item. Click the Selling Details tab at the top of the Item Information window to display the Selling Details view. a. In the Base Selling Price field, enter the price at which you usually sell one selling unit of this item. The selling price is the normal price for one selling unit on an item layout. For example, if you sell cans of soda in cases, enter the price of one case of soda. b. In the Selling Unit of Measure field, enter the item's selling unit of measure-that is, the method by which this item is packaged when you sell it. Some typical units of measure include Each, Pair, Case, Gross, Hour and Day. c. In the Number of Items per Selling Unit field, enter the number of items that make up one selling unit-that is, the number of items that will be subtracted from your inventory each time you sell one of these items. The number you enter depends on how you count your inventory. While in many cases the number you enter will be 1, if you buy lamps individually, for example, you'll enter 2 if you want your inventory to decrease by two individual lamps each time you sell one pair of lamps. 8. If you collect tax when you sell the item, choose the tax code you want to assign to the item from the Tax Code When Sold list. When you make a selection from this list, the item will automatically be assigned the tax code you selected when you enter it as a line item in the Sales window. 9. At this point, you've entered the item's basic information. 10. Click OK to add this item to the Items List. 10/01/2003 Page 3 of 9

4 Managing Your Inventory MYOB accounting system can: - Keep track of your items Identify how many goods are in stock See how much items are worth Find out from whom did we buy and to whom did we sell Shows you how to revalue your stock Track your inventory transfers and automate the transfers using the Auto-Build features Counting Inventory You can use the Count Inventory window to make adjustments to item quantities during regular stock-takes or any time you find discrepancies between the actual quantity of items you have in stock and your MYOB Accounting records of those quantities. The Count Inventory window will speed the process of updating the quantities of items. By using this window, you can quickly create one inventory adjustment for all the items whose quantities you need to change. Each inventory adjustment you make must be allocated to a specific account so your accounting records accurately reflect the reasons why your inventory needed adjusting. For example, many businesses use one account often called Shrinkage/Spoilage to track natural loss or theft of their items. 10/01/2003 Page 4 of 9

5 Before you count inventory in MYOB Accounting You can either print the Inventory Count Sheet by clicking Print in the Count Inventory window or, if you want to set filters, from the Index to Reports window. Make sure you record any inventory transfers before counting your inventory. Otherwise, missing inventory that was really used to build another item will be accounted for as an expense, such as loss or shrinkage. Count the actual items in your inventory. You can use the Inventory Count Sheet report, which lists all your inventory items, for this purpose (see side note). To count inventory 1. Go to the Inventory command centre and click Count Inventory. 2. In the Count Inventory window, enter the actual quantities of the inventory items in the Counted column. Any discrepancy between the counted quantity and the on-hand quantity is displayed in the Difference column. 3. Click Adjust Inventory to display the Adjustment Information window. You can specify a default allocation account with which you can track the adjustments you entered in the Count Inventory window. This saves you having to enter an account on every line of the inventory adjustment. This account is normally an expense account such as shrinkage. It should not be your Inventory asset account. Keep in mind, however, that you don t need to enter a default allocation account in the Adjustment Information window. If it s necessary for you to use different accounts to track the adjustments you made in Step 2, you ll get the chance to enter those accounts in the next step. 4. Click Continue. The Adjust Inventory window is displayed. A line item for each adjustment you entered in the Count Inventory window in Step 2 is displayed. 10/01/2003 Page 5 of 9

6 5. Take a look at the Account column. If you entered a default allocation account in Step 3 that account appears in the Account column for each line item. If you didn t enter a default allocation account; enter the accounts you want to use to track each item s change in quantity. Click Record. To change the price of items 1. Go to the Inventory command centre and click Set Item Prices. The Set Item Prices window is displayed. This window lists all your current inventory items, their current price, and the average or last cost of each item. If an item is not listed, it means that you haven t marked the I Sell option for the item. 2. Click in the Current Price column of an item and enter a new price. Do this for each item price you want to change. MYOB Accounting accepts unit prices up to four decimals. On the invoice, it multiplies the unit price by the quantity sold before rounding to cents. 3. Clicks OK. 10/01/2003 Page 6 of 9

7 To change the price of multiple items at once You can change the prices of multiple items at once using pricing shortcuts. 1. Go to the Inventory command centre and click Set Item Prices. The Set Item Prices window is displayed. 2. Mark the Shortcut column next to the items whose prices you want to update. If you want to update the prices of all your items; you can leave the Shortcut column blank. 3. Click Shortcuts. The Pricing Shortcuts window is displayed. 4. Make as many entries as you want in this window, including how you want the price rounded, the basis for calculating the price, and so on. Your selections here will apply to all items you selected in the Set Item Prices window. 10/01/2003 Page 7 of 9

8 To make an inventory adjustment 1. Go to the Inventory command centre and click Adjust Inventory. The Adjust Inventory window is displayed. Enter only the adjustment quantity to increase or decrease the quantity held. Displays the quantity multiplied by the unit cost, which is automatically recalculated Cost of each unit transferred in or out of inventory is entered here A cost of sales or expense account 2. Enter details of the adjustment. For complete field description, click Help. 10/01/2003 Page 8 of 9

9 Inventory Reports MYOB Accounting has several reports, which you can generate to keep track of your inventory. Following is a list of some of the reports you may find useful. Analyse Inventory report. The summary and detailed versions of this report serve as you re order book. You can view a list of all your sales orders and purchase orders for all or selected items. Items List (Summary) report. This report shows information about your items, including their on-hand quantities and total value. The Items List (Summary) report also shows an item s current average cost price, which is important to know when making inventory adjustments. You can use this report to compare your total inventory value to the total of your Inventory asset accounts. Pricing report. This report lists your item prices useful for sending to your customers. You could also convert this report to HTML and post your price list on an intranet or Internet site. 10/01/2003 Page 9 of 9