Data Center Efficiency: What Climate Change, Energy & Sustainability Professionals Should Know

Transcription

1 Data Center Efficiency: What Climate Change, Energy & Sustainability Professionals Should Know ACCO Webinar Series Data Center Efficiency Today s Webinar Presenters Greg Bush Regional Services Lead for Americas, Regional Energy Manager for Americas, GFM Data Center Services, SAP Jay Dietrich Distinguished Engineer: Energy and Climate Stewardship, IBM Otto VanGeet Senior Engineer, NREL Mike Walker President, AlterAction Inc. ACCO Webinar Series Data Center Efficiency Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 1 of 31

2 Presentation Goals 1. Identify drivers of energy costs 2. Provide non technical overview of measures 3. Share examples & case studies 4. Suggest next steps & resources Empower Empower sustainability sustainability managers managers to to spot spot opportunities opportunities We are here today because data centers Consume a lot of energy Energy consumption grew: 200% from % from % of electricity in US 2. Can be made far more efficient Efficient data centers can use up to 80% less power Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 2 of 31

3 Server rooms/closets in commercial buildings Typical office building: 23% of annual energy costs High efficiency office building: 40-50% of annual energy costs Major Major opportunity! opportunity! Savings remain untapped Split incentives Risk aversion Some solutions require new expertise But But YOU YOU can can overcome overcome this, this, with with a little little help help Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 3 of 31

4 Server rack vs. barbecue grill vs. Industrial Light & Magic deployed 84 blade servers/rack. Just 1 rack Uses 28 kw Requires 8 tons of cooling Generates heat = 4 Weber Spirit gas grills 280 burgers/hour! 7 Where does all the energy go? PUE = 2.6 PUE = 1.6 Source: Best Practices Guide for Energy-Efficient Data Center Design, DOE, revised March 2011, prepared by Rumsey Engineering 8 Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 4 of 31

5 Data center energy savings: 3 areas of opportunity 1. IT equipment 2. Airflow management 3. HVAC adjustments The cascade effect 1 W saved saved at at the the processor processor saves saves ~ W total total Source: The Green Grid, Emerson 10 Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 5 of 31

6 Eliminating unused servers & systems Opportunity: o 8 10% of servers performing no useful function Why? o Good at provisioning, not so much at decommissioning Solution? o o Take inventory Identify, remove comatose servers Eliminating one server can save $2500/year in energy, software licensing, & maintenance costs Bring Bring out out your your dead! dead! Consolidating lightly utilized servers Due to traditional one workload, one box approach More than 90% of all x86 servers run at <12% utilization Typical server runs at < 6% utilization Four smarter approaches: Combine apps onto a single server/operating system instance Reduce redundancy by clustering servers Downsize application portfolio Virtualize servers Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 6 of 31

7 What is a virtual machine? Software that simulates server hardware & OS Allows for multiple concurrent OS instances on a single box Improves scalability, reduces downtime, and enables faster deployments Virtualization, cont. Cuts energy consumption by 10 40% Ubiquitous: 92% of large data centers 37% of small data centers BUT not all systems are good candidates Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 7 of 31

8 Right size new servers Are you fully utilizing what s already deployed? Avoid oversizing Don t buy a tour bus when the workload calls for golf cart Avoid the one spec procurement trap Data storage more efficient technology Lower speed disk drives, smaller drive platters Massive array of idle disks (MAID) Only those disk drives in active use are spinning at any given time Solid state storage (SSDs) No mechanical parts Startup (OS) disks are good candidates Tape Right-size Right-size new new storage storage hardware! hardware! MAID Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 8 of 31

9 Data Storage Resource Management (SRM) tools Deduplication removes duplicate files Automated provisioning improves storage utilization Thin provisioning provides just enough, just in time storage Tiered Storage matches storage technology to access requirements What is a Uninterruptable Power Supply (UPS) system? Provides power until emergency generators come on line Corrects for power surges, voltage drops, and frequency distortions Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 9 of 31

10 Exelon: UPS Change Improves Efficiency & Redundancy Increasing load factor boosts efficiency Example: Exelon Before: two 1000 kva UPSs in parallel run at low load After: four smaller (750 kva) UPSs run at higher load Protection from component AND system failure (increased redundancy) Save energy with ENERGY STAR qualified UPSs Cut energy losses by 33 55% Variety of types available: Traditional double conversion UPSs Modular UPSs (pictured) maximize the load factor Multi mode UPSs Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 10 of 31

11 ENERGY STAR certified data center products Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) Servers Storage Large network equipment Data center energy savings: 3 areas of opportunity 1. IT equipment 2. Airflow management 3. HVAC adjustments Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 11 of 31

12 Raised floor environment helps separate cold & hot air (Photos courtesy of Tate and NIH) Proper hot aisle/cold aisle orientation can save 5 12% (Photo courtesy of 42U.com) 24 Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 12 of 31

13 Cold aisle containment further reduces mixing Some hot air is still mixing with cold air Containment can save: ~20% to 25% in fan energy ~20% at the chiller (Photos courtesy of 42U.com) Airflow management devices: blanking panels Maintain the separation of hot and cold air in a rack A single 12 blanking panel can yield 1 2% energy savings per server rack (Photos courtesy of PlenaForm Systems, EDP Europe, and 42U.com.) Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 13 of 31

14 Airflow management devices: floor grommets Improve cooling efficiency by sealing areas where cables enter & exit plenums (e.g., a raised floor) Less leakage helps direct more cold air to the equipment that needs cooling (Photos courtesy of PlenaForm Systems, EDP Europe, and 42U.com.) Airflow management devices: structured cabling Vs. Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 14 of 31

15 Variable Speed Drives (VSDs) CRAC fans use 5 10% total data center energy Fan/pump power varies with the cube of speed Translation: 1/2 the speed uses 1/8 the power! Other EE measures need VSDs to reach full potential Source: UR Energy Data center energy savings: 3 areas of opportunity 1. IT equipment 2. Airflow management 3. HVAC adjustments Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 15 of 31

16 Turn up the heat! Server inlet temps as low as 55 F??? That s old school! In 2008, ASHRAE recommended 64 to 81 F Save 3% to 5% in energy costs for every 1 F increase in server inlet temp (Drawing courtesy of Raritan ) Today s servers can stand the heat. Safe operating ranges: Sun Blade (40 to 90 F) Dell Blade (50 to 95 F) IBM Blade (50 to 95 F) NetAppStorage (50 to 104 F) Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 16 of 31

17 Raising server inlet temps: considerations Can produce hot spots if not monitored properly Internal server fans may automatically turn on, raising energy costs Data centers with VSDs benefit the most Uncomfortable working conditions? Hot spot (viewed from front of server rack) (Photo courtesy Infrared Imaging Services, LLC) Humidity control in the past Tight relative humidity (RH) tolerances leads to: CRAC #1 reads RH as too high: Over cools air to remove moisture and then reheats to bring temp back up Results in CRAC #2 reading RH as too low: Adds moisture by generating steam and cools air to bring temp back down Termed CRAC fighting Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 17 of 31

18 Solving humidity issues Use dew point (DP) instead of RH to measure humidity Maintain broader ASHRAE recommended humidity range (42 to 59 degrees F DP) Use adiabatic humidification technologies Misters, foggers, ultrasonic Required in new CA DCs Free cooling with an air side economizer Exhaust Air 85 F Outside Air 65 F In In milder milder climates, climates, outside outside air air can can be be used used for for most most of of the the year year (SFO: (SFO: all all but but ~10 ~10 days days annually!) annually!) 36 Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 18 of 31

19 Hours of air side economizer use per year 37 Info available on energystar.gov/lowcarbonit Top 12 Data Center Opportunities 1. Virtualization of Servers 2. Decommissioning of Unused Servers 3. Consolidation of Lightly Utilized Servers 4. Data Storage Opportunities 5. Efficient Equipment Purchase 6. Hot Aisle/Cold Aisle Arrangement 7. Containment/Enclosures 8. Variable Speed Drives 9. Housekeeping: Blanking Panels, Cabling and Gaps 10. Server Inlet Temperature and Humidity Adjustments 11. Air Side Economizer 12. Water Side Economizer Non technical descriptions Impartial information about o Costs o Savings o Implementation considerations Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 19 of 31

20 Utilities often help pay for energy saving measures Utility Programs Virtualization ENERGY STAR Server Massive Array of Idle Disks Note: "C" indicates a customized measure, and "P" indicates a prescriptive measure. Some programs also incentivize the removal of existing servers through a customized approach. (Data current as of April 2012). Source: Utility websites and personal communications with utility energy efficiency program managers and industry groups, April Uninterruptible Power Supply Chillers/ Cooling Towers Thermal Energy Storage Storage Consolidation Airflow Variable Frequency Drive Air-Side Economizer Water-Side Economizer Pumps/Motors HVAC/ CRAC DC Power Arizona Public Service Company (APS) C C C C/P C P P C P P Austin Energy C C C P P C/P C C AVISTA Utilities C P P C/P British Colombia C C C C C C Hydro (BC Hydro) C C C C C C Commonwealth Edison C C C C C C C C P C Duke Energy (NC, SC, OH) C C C/P C C C/P C C P P C C Efficiency Vermont C C P C C P P C Energy Trust of Oregon P C C C C/P C C Focus on Energy (WI) C/P C C P C C C P C C P C Idaho Power P P P Nevada Power P P New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) C/P C/P C/P C C C C C C C C Pacific Gas & C C C C C P C C P P C Electric Company (PG&E) C Puget Sound Energy (PSE) C C C C C Sacrament Municipal Utility District (SMUD) C C/P C C/P C C P C/P Salt River Project P P P San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) C P P P Seattle City Light P C/P C C C C C P C C C C C Silicon Valley Power C C C P C C P P Snohomish County Public Utility District C C C C Southern California Edison (SCE) C C C C C C C C C C C Energy Efficiency Multi-Use Facilities OFFICE HIGH BAY LABORATORIES DATA CENTER Otto Van Geet, PE 40 Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 20 of 31

21 BPG Table of Contents Summary Background Information Technology Systems Environmental Conditions Air Management Cooling Systems Electrical Systems Other Opportunities for Energy Efficient Design Data Center Metrics & Benchmarking NREL ESIF Data Center Showcase Facility ESIF 182,000 s.f. research facility Includes 10MW, 10,000 s.f. data center LEED Platinum Facility, PUE 1.06 NO mechanical cooling (eliminates expensive and inefficient chillers). Use evaporative cooling only. Data Center Features Direct, component-level liquid cooling (75F cooling water) F return water (waste heat), captured and used to heat offices and lab space. Pumps more efficient than fans. High voltage 480VAC power distribution directly to compute racks (improves efficiency, eliminates conversions). Utilize the bytes and the BTUs! Compared to a typical data center: Lower CapEx cost less to build Lower OpEx efficiencies save ~$1M per year in operational expenses. Integrated chips to bricks approach. 42 Otto Van Geet Steve Hammond 42 Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 21 of 31

22 Key NREL Data Center Specs Warm water cooling, 24C (75F) ASHRAE W2 category Water much better working fluid than air pumps trump fans. Utilize high quality waste heat, +35C (95F). +95% IT heat load to liquid. Racks of legacy equipment Up to 10% IT heat load to air. High power distribution 480VAC, Eliminate conversions. Think outside the box Don t be satisfied with an energy efficient data center nestled on campus surrounded by inefficient laboratory and office buildings. Innovate, integrate, optimize. 43 Otto Van Geet Steve NREL Hammond 43 Facility Planning for Energy Reuse, Now & In the Future Future Campus Heating Loop Office Heating Loop Conferenc e Heating Loop High Bay Heating Loop Future Campus Heating Loop ERE ENERGY REUSE EFFICIENCY Measure of How Efficiently We are Using Data Center Waste Heat to Heat the Facility & Future Campus Goal is to Minimize Cooling Energy in the Data Center While Reducing Heating Loads in Other Areas NREL ESIF, ERE = 0.7 ESIF Utilizes 30% of the Data Center Waste Heat on an Annual Basis Utilization to Increase with the Addition of Future Campus Heating Loops NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) 44 Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 22 of 31

23 === ACCO Webinar Series === Direct Liquid Cooling & Energy Recovery On Display We want the bytes AND the BTU s! Annual Energy GWh/yr NREL-ESIF Data Center 10 Energy Recovery at 1 MW IT Load 9 8 Data Center Equipment Load EUE EUE 0.9 Thermal Energy Recovered 1 0 Energy Targets PUE 1.06 EUE 0.9 Current Design PUE 1.05 EUE 0.7 Energy Reuse Effectiveness (ERE) = Total Data Center Annual Energy Total Energy Recovered Total IT Equipment Annual Energy NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) 45 NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 23 of 31

24 Significant Energy and Resource Efficiencies Demonstrated Innovative, holistic data center design implemented with readily available components. Design concepts readily applicable to other locations. Optimal site-specific solutions may vary, but Fundamentals of NREL approach widely applicable. Showcase facility, best in class engineering: VFD motors used throughout using only as much energy as is necessary to dissipate thermal load. Hydronic system with smooth piping to reduce pressure drops and pump energy. NREL Energy Systems Integration Facility (ESIF) 47 Heat ESIF Offices, Labs, ventilation (save $200K / year) Green Data Center Bottom Line IT Load Energy Recovery NO Mechanical Chillers Evap. Water Towers Cost less to build Cost less to operate Comparison of ESIF PUE 1.06 vs efficient 1.3 data center. CapEx Savings No Chillers No Chillers Initial Build: 600 tons $.9M 10 Yr. growth: 2400 tons $3.6M 10-year Savings: $4.5M ($1.5K / ton) OpEx (10MW IT Load) PUE of 1.3 PUE of 1.06 Annual Savings 10-year Savings ($1M / MW year) Utilities $13M $10.6M $2.4M $24M (excludes heat recovery benefit) 48 Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 24 of 31

25 Organizations that own and or operate data centers can partner with DOE to lead by example in one of two ways: Partner Commitment (voluntary) Partner Benefits Data Tracking Contact at DOE Better Buildings Challenge reduce the energy intensity of their portfolio (including data centers) by at least 20% within 10 years and share their results Better Buildings Data Center Accelerator reduce the energy intensity of at least one data center (IT load 100 kw) by at least 25% within 5 years and share their results receive national recognition (DOE website, social media, Better Buildings Summit in DC, White House event); receive technical assistance; peer to peer networking; and exchange of best practices Track progress using (PUE 1) ; and baseline year can go back as far as 3 years from joining) datacenterpartners@ee.doe.gov Otto Van Geet NREL 50 Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 25 of 31

26 ACHIEVING ORGANIZATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND CLIMATE OBJECTIVES: Collaboration, Patience, Persistence Jay M. Dietrich IBM Distinguished Engineer: Energy and Climate Stewardship ACCO Data Center Efficiency Webinar: 2007 IBM Corporation Achieving Environmental and Climate Goals at IBM Recipe for Successfully Promoting Environmental Initiatives Define the Business Benefits of Environmental and Climate Change Initiatives Secure Executive Commitment and Support Have a Detailed Plan Work with Committed Advocates Lead by Example 52 ACCO Data Center Efficiency Webinar: 2007 IBM Corporation Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 26 of 31

27 Achieving Environmental and Climate Goals at IBM Define the Business Benefits Understand the Business You are Working for. Characterize the Initiative Benefits in a Business Context Expense Reduction Cycle time or Productivity Benefits Revenue Enhancement Brand Value Establish Clear Metrics to Drive Results: Work within an Environmental Management System Set Clear Goals and Objectives 53 ACCO Data Center Efficiency Webinar: 2007 IBM Corporation Achieving Environmental and Climate Goals at IBM SECURE EXECUTIVE COMMITMENT AND SUPPORT Identify at Least One Executive Sponsor CFO or Staff Member Environmental or Sustainability Executive Secure Commitment from Each Responsible Business Unit Executive to Execute their parts of the plan. Required Resources Defined Results Hold Periodic Status Meetings with the Executive Team 54 ACCO Data Center Efficiency Webinar: 2007 IBM Corporation Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 27 of 31

28 Achieving Environmental and Climate Goals at IBM DEVELOP A DETAILED PLAN You Need a Roadmap to Guide the Project: What are the wedges of opportunity? Who owns the budget responsibility? Who owns the project implementation and outcomes? Where is Collaboration required? Need Plan Owners in Each Organization. The Plan Must be Flexible and Living 55 ACCO Data Center Efficiency Webinar: 2007 IBM Corporation Achieving Environmental and Climate Goals at IBM WORK WITH COMMITTED ADVOCATES Individuals Bring Different Levels of Enthusiasm to Projects Select Individuals will Approach Environmental Initiatives with Commitment and Purpose. Will work for the success of the project. Will bring new and interesting ideas to the table. Will bring others along on the journey. Without Advocates, the Project has a Lower Chance of Success 56 ACCO Data Center Efficiency Webinar: 2007 IBM Corporation Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 28 of 31

29 Achieving Environmental and Climate Goals at IBM LEAD BY EXAMPLE Run Interference to Overcome Obstacles: Promote Business Benefits to Others Assist in Overcoming Resistance Contribute to the Solutions Understand the Details and Help Identify Options and Solutions Pitch in and Do Part of the Work Recognize the Contributors 57 ACCO Data Center Efficiency Webinar: 2007 IBM Corporation Achieving Environmental and Climate Goals at IBM Recognized Leadership Energy Management and Climate Protection Awards A sampling from Association of Energy Engineers International Corporate Energy Management Award Star of Energy Efficiency Award Industrial Energy Technology Conference Energy Award, first IT company recognized Organizational Leadership, inaugural year Chairman s Award USEPA Climate Protection Award, inaugural year USEPA Climate Protection Award, first company recognized twice Association of Energy Engineers International Corporate Energy Management Award Efficiency Initiative: Commercial End User GHG Reduction Goal Attainment 58 ACCO Data Center Efficiency Webinar: 2007 IBM Corporation Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 29 of 31

30 Additional info: Contacts: Mike Walker President, AlterAction Inc. (ENERGY STAR Technical Support Contractor) Contact information Greg Bush Regional Services Lead for Americas, Regional Energy Manager for Americas, GFM Data Center Services SAP Jay Dietrich Distinguished Engineer: Energy and Climate Stewardship, IBM pe 828b a Otto VanGeet Senior Engineer, NREL a29a13 Q & A ACCO Webinar Series Data Center Efficiency Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 30 of 31

31 CCO Certification TM Climate Governance Certificate 1 st Credential Offered Professional certificate recognizing the capacity of senior executives and officials across sectors to make informed and strategic decisions on climate change related risks to the operations of an organization and its surrounding communities Enrollment now open! Additional certificates for Energy, Supply Chain, and Planning / Design Professionals coming in 2016 Learn more at: ACCO Webinar Series Data Center Efficiency Upcoming Events Climate Fundamentals Academies Boston (Part 1 of 3) January 7 8, 2016 Washington, DC (Part 1 of 3) February 17 18, 2016 Fort Lauderdale (Part 2 of 3) March 29 30, 2016 San Francisco, CA (Part 1 of 3) Dates TBA, March 2016 For more information on upcoming ACCO events visit: July 18 20, 2016 Washington, DC 2016 Climate Strategies Forum Registration now open Call for abstracts open through December 10, 2015 ACCO Webinar Series Data Center Efficiency Presented by the Association of Climate Change Officers Page 31 of 31