Cross-reactivity of the anti-pml antibody PG-M3 with the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early protein ICP4

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Cross-reactivity of the anti-pml antibody PG-M3 with the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early protein ICP4"

Transcription

1 Journal of General Virology (2000), 81, Printed in Great Britain... SHORT COMMUNICATION Cross-reactivity of the anti-pml antibody PG-M3 with the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early protein ICP4 Stefanie L. Boulware and Peter C. Weber Infectious Diseases Section, Parke Davis Pharmaceutical Research, A Division of Warner Lambert Company, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA The PML protein is one of the components of ND10, nuclear matrix-associated structures which undergo rapid disintegration at the onset of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection. This disruption event has been frequently visualized in immunofluorescence assays using the anti-pml mouse monoclonal antibody PG-M3. This antibody was surprisingly found to also stain nuclear virus replication compartments when employed at higher concentrations. This was shown to be due to an unexpected cross-reactivity of the PG-M3 antibody with the HSV-1 immediate early protein ICP4, a known component of replication compartments. The sequences of ICP4 recognized by PG-M3 were found to map to the extreme amino-terminal end of the protein, which includes a 21 amino acid segment that is partially homologous to the peptide of PML that was used to make PG-M3. These results suggest that PG-M3 may no longer represent an appropriate antibody for use in visualizing the fate of PML and ND10 during. ND10 are complex nuclear matrix-associated structures which contain a number of associated proteins, including NDP55, Sp100 and PML. The actual function of ND10 within the cell remains unclear, but their structure, distribution and size can be affected by external stimuli such as interferon treatment, stress and viral infection (reviewed in Sternsdorf et al., 1997). One alteration in ND10 structure which has been particularly well characterized over the past several years is the disruption event which occurs at the onset of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection (reviewed in Everett, 1999). After entry of the HSV-1 virus particle into the cell, the viral DNA genome is released and migrates to sites adjacent to Author for correspondence: Peter Weber. Fax peter.weber wl.com ND10 (Ishov & Maul, 1996; Maul et al., 1996). As a consequence of the initial phase of viral gene transcription, the immediate early protein ICP0 is produced, which then associates with ND10 structures and mediates their disruption (Everett & Maul, 1994; Maul & Everett, 1994; Maul et al., 1993). The latter event appears to be dependent upon the specific proteasome-dependent degradation of SUMO-1- modified forms of PML (Everett et al., 1998). Continued expression of later classes of viral proteins ultimately results in the appearance of large globular structures called replication compartments near the former sites of ND10 within the nucleus. These contain viral-encoded proteins such as the immediate early polypeptide ICP4 and various enzymes involved in genome replication, and represent active sites of viral gene expression and DNA synthesis within the cell (de Bruyn Kops & Knipe, 1988; DeLuca & Schaffer, 1988; Quinlan et al., 1984). Thus, disruption of ND10 by the ICP0 protein appears to represent a crucial prerequisite for efficient virus replication during low multiplicity of many cell lines. ND10 disruption events during have been readily monitored through immunofluorescence staining of ND10 components such as PML or Sp100. One antibody that has been frequently used in these studies is the anti-pml mouse monoclonal antibody PG-M3 (Flenghi et al., 1995). During the course of immunofluorescence analyses of HSV-1- infected HeLa cells, it was discovered that elevated concentrations of PG-M3 could stain nuclear structures that were identical in appearance to virus replication compartments. In these experiments, cells were plated in two-well chamber slides at a density of 6 10 cells per well and allowed to adhere overnight. The cells were mock- or HSV-1 (strain 17 )- infected for 6 h, fixed and permeabilized in methanol at 20 C for 20 min, washed in PBS, and then blocked in 3% BSA in 0 5% Triton X-100 for 30 min. The cells were then incubated with primary antibody [PG-M3 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) at a 1:30 dilution or anti-icp4 antibody 1101 (Goodwin Institute for Cancer Research) at a 1:1000 dilution] in 0 5% BSA 0 5% Triton X-100 PBS for 1 h, followed by three 5 min washes in 0 5% Triton X-100 PBS. The cells were then incubated with secondary FITC-conjugated goat anti SGM BHHD

2 S. L. Boulware and P. C. Weber HeLa cells Vero cells Mock infection Mock infection Anti-ICP4 Ab Anti-ICP4 Ab Fig. 1. Staining of virus replication compartments by the anti-pml antibody PG-M3 in HSV-1-infected cells. HeLa or Vero cells were infected with wild-type HSV-1 and subjected to immunofluorescence analysis. Staining was performed with PG-M3 or an anti-icp4 antibody as indicated. mouse antibody (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories) at a 1:250 dilution for 1 h, followed by three 5 min washes in 0 5% Triton X-100 PBS and one PBS wash. The cells were then mounted in Vectashield mounting medium (Vector Laboratories Inc.) and viewed with a Nikon Optiphot inverted microscope with 40 magnification. BHHE

3 Reactivity of MAb PG-M3 with HSV-1 ICP4 Fig. 2. Cross-reactivity of the anti-pml antibody PG-M3 with the HSV-1 ICP4 protein. Western blots of lysates of Vero cells infected with either wild-type HSV-1 or the HSV-1 ICP4 mutant d120 were probed with either an anti-icp4 antibody (left panel) or PG-M3 (right panel). The identification of the full-length 175 kda ICP4 protein encoded by wild-type HSV- 1 and the truncated 38 kda ICP4 protein encoded by d120 are indicated by arrows to the right of each panel, and molecular masses are indicated by arrows at the far left. Mock-infected HeLa cells that were stained with PG-M3 antibody typically exhibited punctate nuclear structures that were indicative of the presence of intact ND10 (Fig. 1). However, in PG-M3-stained HSV-1-infected HeLa cells, most of these bodies had been disrupted and replaced by much larger globular structures that were identical in appearance to replication compartments; the latter structures were readily visualized by staining infected cells with an antibody specific for the viral immediate early protein ICP4 (Fig. 1). One possible explanation for this observation is that the PML protein that is recognized by the PG-M3 antibody migrates to replication compartments after the disruption of ND10 early in infection. To address this possibility, the experiment was repeated using Vero cells, whose PML protein is not recognized by PG-M3 (Burkham et al., 1998). As expected, no ND10 structures were detected in PG-M3-stained mockinfected Vero cells (Fig. 1). However, replication compartments were readily stained in HSV-1-infected Vero cells in immunofluorescence analyses which employed either the PG-M3 or anti-icp4 antibodies (Fig. 1). These results indicated that PG- M3 was able to recognize a component of virus replication compartments that was distinct from PML. In order to identify the replication compartment component that was recognized by PG-M3, lysates of HSV-1-infected Vero cells were analysed on Western blots using this antibody. Preparation of 24 h post-infection lysates and Western blot analysis were carried out as described previously (Spatz et al., 1996), and antibodies were used at the following concentrations: primary antibody PG-M3 at a 1:40 dilution, primary anti-icp4 antibody 1101 at a 1: 2000 dilution, and secondary alkaline phosphatase-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody (Kirkegaard & Perry Laboratories) at a 1: 2000 dilution. PG-M3 was found to react strongly with a 175 kda protein species in these experiments (Fig. 2). The molecular mass of this large polypeptide suggested that it might be the 175 kda HSV-1 immediate early protein ICP4, a known component of replication compartments (DeLuca & Schaffer, 1988). To investigate this possibility, lysates were prepared from cells infected with d120, an HSV-1 mutant from which most of the sequences encoding the ICP4 gene have been deleted (DeLuca & Schaffer, 1988). As expected, the 175 kda ICP4 protein could not be detected in lysates from d120-infected cells in Western blots using an anti-icp4 antibody. Instead, the antibody recognized a 38 kda truncated version of ICP4 that was previously identified by DeLuca & Schaffer (1988) and contains the first 150 amino acids of ICP4 (Fig. 2). Identical results were obtained with the PG-M3 antibody: the 175 kda protein detected by PG-M3 in wild-type HSV-1-infected cells was absent in d120-infected cells, and the 38 kda truncated ICP4 protein was detected instead (Fig. 2). These results identified ICP4 as the component of replication compartments that is stained by PG-M3 in HSV-1-infected cells. This conclusion was supported by the absence of any distinctive staining pattern in cells that had been infected with d120 and stained with either PG-M3 or an anti-icp4 antibody, and by the presence of a diffuse nuclear staining pattern in cells that had been transfected with an ICP4-expressing plasmid and stained with either antibody (S. L. Boulware & P. C. Weber, unpublished observations). It was of interest to determine the molecular basis for the unexpected cross-reactivity of the PG-M3 antibody with the HSV-1 ICP4 protein. The observation that PG-M3 could recognize the severely truncated ICP4 protein encoded by d120 on Western blots (Fig. 2) indicated that the epitope BHHF

4 S. L. Boulware and P. C. Weber Fig. 3. Amino acid sequence homology between the HSV-1 ICP4 protein and PML. The sequences of amino acids of ICP4 (above) and amino acids of PML (below) were aligned using the MacVector software package. This was the sole result of a homology search within the complete amino acid sequence of ICP4 (McGeoch et al., 1986) using amino acids of the PML protein, which represents the peptide that was used to make the PG-M3 antibody (Flenghi et al., 1995). Amino acid residues representing perfect matches are identified by black boxes, while conserved residues are identified by shaded boxes. recognized by PG-M3 mapped to the first 150 amino acids of ICP4. When homology searches were carried out on the amino acid sequence of the ICP4 protein remaining in d120, a 21 amino acid segment (amino acids 20 40) within this aminoterminal region of ICP4 was found to be partially homologous to the 15 amino acid peptide of PML (amino acids 37 51) that was used to make PG-M3 (Flenghi et al., 1995) (Fig. 3). It is this homology that most likely accounts for the cross-reactivity of this antibody with ICP4. It should be noted that recognition of the ICP4 protein in either immunofluorescence assays or Western blots does require elevated concentrations of PG-M3 antibody, as this cross-reactivity is understandably weaker than the interactions that are normally observed between ICP4 and an ICP4-specific antibody. The affinity of the PG-M3 antibody for ICP4 was compared to that of other antibodies which were specifically raised against this protein by Western blot analysis. Using identical dilutions of blotted ICP4 protein and identical protein concentrations of primary antibody, the affinity of PG-M3 for the ICP4 protein was estimated to be 25-fold lower than the anti-icp4 antibody 1101 used throughout this study, and up to 125-fold lower than that of other commercially available antibodies that were specifically raised to this polypeptide (S. L. Boulware & P. C. Weber, unpublished observations). Nevertheless, this interaction was still strong enough to allow weak ICP4 signals to be detected at the lower antibody concentrations that are normally employed in immunofluorescence assays and Western blots (S. L. Boulware & P. C. Weber, unpublished observations). In summary, the anti-pml antibody PG-M3 has unexpectedly been found to be cross-reactive with the HSV-1 immediate early protein ICP4. This conclusion was supported by the following observations: (a) ICP4-containing replication compartments were readily stained by PG-M3 in HSV-1- infected Vero cells, whose PML protein is not reactive with this antibody; (b) this staining by PG-M3 was lost when cells were infected with the ICP4 deletion mutant virus d120; (c) the 175 kda ICP4 protein could be readily detected by PG-M3 in Western blot analyses of lysates of cells infected with wildtype HSV-1 but not d120; and (d) the first 150 amino acids of ICP4 contain a region of obvious homology to the PML peptide used to make PG-M3, and this portion of ICP4 was found to be reactive with PG-M3. Since this antibody has been frequently used to characterize the fate of PML and ND10 during (Burkham et al., 1998; Lukonis et al., 1997), the results in this study suggest that caution should be exercised when PG-M3 is used for this purpose. For example, Burkham et al. (1998) reported that the PML protein is recruited to virus replication compartments in HSV-1-infected cells several hours after ND10 disruption takes place. Since PG-M3 was the antibody used in these immunofluorescence analyses, an alternate explanation for this observation could be that ICP4 rather than PML was being detected in these replication compartments. However, Burkham et al. did employ a PG-M3 antibody concentration that was 7-fold lower than that used in the immunofluorescence assays in this study, and did perform controls to confirm that antibody cross-reactivity was not apparent under these experimental conditions. It is likely that similar precautions will necessarily become a prerequisite for the future use of PG-M3 in studies of ND10 structure in HSV-1 infected cells. We thank N. DeLuca for providing the HSV-1 mutant d120, and E. Nordby, M. Huband and J. Bronstein for technical assistance and helpful advice. References Burkham, J., Coen, D. M. & Weller, S. K. (1998). ND10 protein PML is recruited to herpes simplex virus type 1 prereplicative sites and replication compartments in the presence of viral DNA polymerase. Journal of Virology 72, de Bruyn Kops, A. & Knipe, D. M. (1988). Formation of DNA replication structures in herpes virus-infected cells requires a viral DNA binding protein. Cell 55, DeLuca, N. A. & Schaffer, P. A. (1988). Physical and functional domains of the herpes simplex virus transcriptional regulatory protein ICP4. Journal of Virology 62, Everett, R. D. (1999). A surprising role for the proteasome in the regulation of herpesvirus infection. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 24, Everett, R. D. & Maul, G. G. (1994). HSV-1 IE protein Vmw110 causes redistribution of PML. EMBO Journal 13, Everett, R. D., Freemont, P., Saitoh, H., Dasso, M., Orr, A., Kathoria, M. & Parkinson, J. (1998). The disruption of ND10 during herpes simplex virus infection correlates with the Vmw110- and proteasomedependent loss of several PML isoforms. Journal of Virology 72, Flenghi, L., Fagioli, M., Tomassoni, L., Pileri, S., Gambacorta, M., Pacini, R., Grignani, F., Casini, T., Ferrucci, P. F., Martelli, M. F., Pelicci, P. G. & Falini, B. (1995). Characterization of a new monoclonal antibody (PG-M3) directed against the aminoterminal portion of the PML gene product: immunocytochemical evidence for high expression of PML proteins on activated macrophages, endothelial cells, and epithelia. Blood 85, Ishov, A. M. & Maul, G. G. (1996). The periphery of nuclear domain 10 (ND10) as site of DNA virus deposition. Journal of Cell Biology 134, BHHG

5 Reactivity of MAb PG-M3 with HSV-1 ICP4 Lukonis, C. J., Burkham, J. & Weller, S. K. (1997). Herpes simplex virus type 1 prereplicative sites are a heterogeneous population: only a subset are likely to be precursors to replication compartments. Journal of Virology 71, McGeoch, D. J., Dolan, A., Donald, S. & Brauer, D. H. (1986). Complete DNA sequence of the short repeat region in the genome of herpes simplex virus type 1. Nucleic Acids Research 14, Maul, G. G. & Everett, R. D. (1994). The nuclear location of PML, a cellular member of the C HC zinc-binding domain protein family, is rearranged during herpes simplex virus infection by the C HC viral protein ICP0. Journal of General Virology 75, Maul, G. G., Guldner, H. H. & Spivack, J. G. (1993). Modification of discrete nuclear domains induced by herpes simplex virus type-1 immediate early gene-1 product (ICP0). Journal of General Virology 74, Maul, G. G., Ishov, A. M. & Everett, R. D. (1996). Nuclear domain 10 as preexisting potential replication start sites of herpes simplex virus type- 1. Virology 217, Quinlan, M. P., Chen, L. B. & Knipe, D. M. (1984). The intranuclear location of a herpes simplex virus DNA-binding protein is determined by the status of viral DNA replication. Cell 36, Spatz, S. J., Nordby, E. C. & Weber, P. C. (1996). Mutational analysis of ICP0R, a transrepressor protein created by alternative splicing of the ICP0 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. Journal of Virology 70, Sternsdorf, T., Grotzinger, T., Jensen, K. & Will, H. (1997). Nuclear dots: actors on many stages. Immunobiology 198, Received 24 January 2000; Accepted 2 March 2000 BHHH

Anti-ATF6 α antibody, mouse monoclonal (1-7)

Anti-ATF6 α antibody, mouse monoclonal (1-7) Anti-ATF6 α antibody, mouse monoclonal (1-7) 73-500 50 ug ATF6 (activating transcription factor 6) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-bound transcription factor activated in response to ER stress.

More information

THE His Tag Antibody, mab, Mouse

THE His Tag Antibody, mab, Mouse THE His Tag Antibody, mab, Mouse Cat. No. A00186 Technical Manual No. TM0243 Update date 01052011 I Description.... 1 II Key Features. 2 III Storage 2 IV Applications.... 2 V Examples - ELISA..... 2 VI

More information

Cellular Implants as mini-factories for the production of therapeutic antibodies against Altzheimer s disease. rapport research week Jonas Schiffmann

Cellular Implants as mini-factories for the production of therapeutic antibodies against Altzheimer s disease. rapport research week Jonas Schiffmann Cellular Implants as mini-factories for the production of therapeutic antibodies against Altzheimer s disease rapport research week Jonas Schiffmann Supported by Aurélien Lathuilière, Bernard Schneider

More information

Just the Facts: A Basic Introduction to the Science Underlying NCBI Resources

Just the Facts: A Basic Introduction to the Science Underlying NCBI Resources 1 of 8 11/7/2004 11:00 AM National Center for Biotechnology Information About NCBI NCBI at a Glance A Science Primer Human Genome Resources Model Organisms Guide Outreach and Education Databases and Tools

More information

2.1.2 Characterization of antiviral effect of cytokine expression on HBV replication in transduced mouse hepatocytes line

2.1.2 Characterization of antiviral effect of cytokine expression on HBV replication in transduced mouse hepatocytes line i 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Human Hepatitis B virus (HBV) 1 1.1.1 Pathogenesis of Hepatitis B 1 1.1.2 Genome organization of HBV 3 1.1.3 Structure of HBV virion 5 1.1.4 HBV life cycle 5 1.1.5 Experimental models

More information

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 1

SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 1 SUPPLEMENTARY DATA 1 Supplementary Figure S1. Overexpression of untagged Ago2 inhibits the nuclear transport of the dotted foci of GFP-signal of myc-gfp-tnrc6a-nes-mut. (A C) HeLa cells expressing myc-gfp-tnrc6a-nes-mut

More information

Protein Expression. A Practical Approach J. HIGGIN S

Protein Expression. A Practical Approach J. HIGGIN S Protein Expression A Practical Approach S. J. HIGGIN S B. D. HAMES List of contributors Abbreviations xv Xvi i 1. Protein expression in mammalian cell s Marlies Otter-Nilsson and Tommy Nilsso n 1. Introduction

More information

Visualization of Myc/Max/Mad Family Dimers and the Competition for Dimerization in Living Cells

Visualization of Myc/Max/Mad Family Dimers and the Competition for Dimerization in Living Cells MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY, May 2004, p. 4294 4308 Vol. 24, No. 10 0270-7306/04/$08.00 0 DOI: 10.1128/MCB.24.10.4294 4308.2004 Copyright 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

More information

Western Blot Analysis with Cell Samples Grown in Channel-µ-Slides

Western Blot Analysis with Cell Samples Grown in Channel-µ-Slides Western Blot Analysis with Cell Samples Grown in Channel-µ-Slides Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and subsequent analyses are common tools in biochemistry and molecular biology. This Application

More information

Predict Reactivity Note Chicken (100%), Sheep (100%), Rhesus Monkey (100%), Chimpanzee (100%), Bovine (100%), Guinea pig (100%)

Predict Reactivity Note Chicken (100%), Sheep (100%), Rhesus Monkey (100%), Chimpanzee (100%), Bovine (100%), Guinea pig (100%) Datasheet GeneTex, Inc : Toll Free 1-877-GeneTex (1-877-436-3839) Fax:1-949-309-2888 info@genetex.com GeneTex International Corporation : Tel:886-3-6208988 Fax:886-3-6208989 infoasia@genetex.com Date :

More information

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE Q5B

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE Q5B INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON HARMONISATION OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION OF PHARMACEUTICALS FOR HUMAN USE ICH HARMONISED TRIPARTITE GUIDELINE QUALITY OF BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTS: ANALYSIS

More information

Sickle cell anemia: Altered beta chain Single AA change (#6 Glu to Val) Consequence: Protein polymerizes Change in RBC shape ---> phenotypes

Sickle cell anemia: Altered beta chain Single AA change (#6 Glu to Val) Consequence: Protein polymerizes Change in RBC shape ---> phenotypes Protein Structure Polypeptide: Protein: Therefore: Example: Single chain of amino acids 1 or more polypeptide chains All polypeptides are proteins Some proteins contain >1 polypeptide Hemoglobin (O 2 binding

More information

Superior TrueMAB TM monoclonal antibodies for the recognition of proteins native epitopes

Superior TrueMAB TM monoclonal antibodies for the recognition of proteins native epitopes Superior TrueMAB TM monoclonal antibodies for the recognition of proteins native epitopes Outlines Brief introduction of OriGene s mission on gene-centric product solution. TrueMAB monoclonal antibody

More information

Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology

Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology Chapter 18: Applications of Immunology 1. Vaccinations 2. Monoclonal vs Polyclonal Ab 3. Diagnostic Immunology 1. Vaccinations What is Vaccination? A method of inducing artificial immunity by exposing

More information

The role of IBV proteins in protection: cellular immune responses. COST meeting WG2 + WG3 Budapest, Hungary, 2015

The role of IBV proteins in protection: cellular immune responses. COST meeting WG2 + WG3 Budapest, Hungary, 2015 The role of IBV proteins in protection: cellular immune responses COST meeting WG2 + WG3 Budapest, Hungary, 2015 1 Presentation include: Laboratory results Literature summary Role of T cells in response

More information

Activity 7.21 Transcription factors

Activity 7.21 Transcription factors Purpose To consolidate understanding of protein synthesis. To explain the role of transcription factors and hormones in switching genes on and off. Play the transcription initiation complex game Regulation

More information

INSTRUCTION Probemaker

INSTRUCTION Probemaker INSTRUCTION Probemaker Instructions for Duolink In Situ Probemaker PLUS (Art. no. 92009-0020) and Duolink In Situ Probemaker MINUS (Art. no. 92010-0020) Table of content 1. Introduction 4 2. Applications

More information

Lecture 8. Protein Trafficking/Targeting. Protein targeting is necessary for proteins that are destined to work outside the cytoplasm.

Lecture 8. Protein Trafficking/Targeting. Protein targeting is necessary for proteins that are destined to work outside the cytoplasm. Protein Trafficking/Targeting (8.1) Lecture 8 Protein Trafficking/Targeting Protein targeting is necessary for proteins that are destined to work outside the cytoplasm. Protein targeting is more complex

More information

How To Understand How Gene Expression Is Regulated

How To Understand How Gene Expression Is Regulated What makes cells different from each other? How do cells respond to information from environment? Regulation of: - Transcription - prokaryotes - eukaryotes - mrna splicing - mrna localisation and translation

More information

High Resolution Epitope Mapping of Human Autoimmune Sera against Antigens CENPA and KDM6B. PEPperPRINT GmbH Heidelberg, 06/2014

High Resolution Epitope Mapping of Human Autoimmune Sera against Antigens CENPA and KDM6B. PEPperPRINT GmbH Heidelberg, 06/2014 High Resolution Epitope Mapping of Human Autoimmune Sera against Antigens CENPA and KDM6B PEPperPRINT GmbH Heidelberg, 06/2014 Introduction This report describes the epitope mapping of autoimmune sera

More information

Methods for Protein Analysis

Methods for Protein Analysis Methods for Protein Analysis 1. Protein Separation Methods The following is a quick review of some common methods used for protein separation: SDS-PAGE (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) separates

More information

KMS-Specialist & Customized Biosimilar Service

KMS-Specialist & Customized Biosimilar Service KMS-Specialist & Customized Biosimilar Service 1. Polyclonal Antibody Development Service KMS offering a variety of Polyclonal Antibody Services to fit your research and production needs. we develop polyclonal

More information

Virological Methods. Flint et al. Principles of Virology (ASM), Chapter 2

Virological Methods. Flint et al. Principles of Virology (ASM), Chapter 2 Virological Methods Flint et al. Principles of Virology (ASM), Chapter 2 Overview The most commonly used laboratory methods for the detection of viruses and virus components in biological samples can be

More information

Name Class Date. Figure 13 1. 2. Which nucleotide in Figure 13 1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA? a. uracil c. cytosine b. guanine d.

Name Class Date. Figure 13 1. 2. Which nucleotide in Figure 13 1 indicates the nucleic acid above is RNA? a. uracil c. cytosine b. guanine d. 13 Multiple Choice RNA and Protein Synthesis Chapter Test A Write the letter that best answers the question or completes the statement on the line provided. 1. Which of the following are found in both

More information

ELISA BIO 110 Lab 1. Immunity and Disease

ELISA BIO 110 Lab 1. Immunity and Disease ELISA BIO 110 Lab 1 Immunity and Disease Introduction The principal role of the mammalian immune response is to contain infectious disease agents. This response is mediated by several cellular and molecular

More information

Lecture Series 7. From DNA to Protein. Genotype to Phenotype. Reading Assignments. A. Genes and the Synthesis of Polypeptides

Lecture Series 7. From DNA to Protein. Genotype to Phenotype. Reading Assignments. A. Genes and the Synthesis of Polypeptides Lecture Series 7 From DNA to Protein: Genotype to Phenotype Reading Assignments Read Chapter 7 From DNA to Protein A. Genes and the Synthesis of Polypeptides Genes are made up of DNA and are expressed

More information

ab185915 Protein Sumoylation Assay Ultra Kit

ab185915 Protein Sumoylation Assay Ultra Kit ab185915 Protein Sumoylation Assay Ultra Kit Instructions for Use For the measuring in vivo protein sumoylation in various samples This product is for research use only and is not intended for diagnostic

More information

Transcription and Translation of DNA

Transcription and Translation of DNA Transcription and Translation of DNA Genotype our genetic constitution ( makeup) is determined (controlled) by the sequence of bases in its genes Phenotype determined by the proteins synthesised when genes

More information

MUTATION, DNA REPAIR AND CANCER

MUTATION, DNA REPAIR AND CANCER MUTATION, DNA REPAIR AND CANCER 1 Mutation A heritable change in the genetic material Essential to the continuity of life Source of variation for natural selection New mutations are more likely to be harmful

More information

RETRIEVING SEQUENCE INFORMATION. Nucleotide sequence databases. Database search. Sequence alignment and comparison

RETRIEVING SEQUENCE INFORMATION. Nucleotide sequence databases. Database search. Sequence alignment and comparison RETRIEVING SEQUENCE INFORMATION Nucleotide sequence databases Database search Sequence alignment and comparison Biological sequence databases Originally just a storage place for sequences. Currently the

More information

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) Why screen your (therapeutic) antibody for cross-reactivity? Cross-reactivity of therapeutic antibodies leads to adverse effects and might render the antibody unsuitable

More information

CUSTOM ANTIBODIES. Fully customised services: rat and murine monoclonals, rat and rabbit polyclonals, antibody characterisation, antigen preparation

CUSTOM ANTIBODIES. Fully customised services: rat and murine monoclonals, rat and rabbit polyclonals, antibody characterisation, antigen preparation CUSTOM ANTIBODIES Highly competitive pricing without compromising quality. Rat monoclonal antibodies for the study of gene expression and proteomics in mice and in mouse models of human diseases available.

More information

The world of non-coding RNA. Espen Enerly

The world of non-coding RNA. Espen Enerly The world of non-coding RNA Espen Enerly ncrna in general Different groups Small RNAs Outline mirnas and sirnas Speculations Common for all ncrna Per def.: never translated Not spurious transcripts Always/often

More information

Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics

Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics The Biotechnology Education Company Blood-Based Cancer Diagnostics EDVO-Kit 141 Store entire experiment at room temperature. EXPERIMENT OBJECTIVE: The objective of this experiment is to learn and understand

More information

Serology: Fluorescent antibody tests and other tests employing conjugated antibodies

Serology: Fluorescent antibody tests and other tests employing conjugated antibodies Serology: Fluorescent antibody tests and other tests employing conjugated antibodies Authors: Adapted by Prof M van Vuuren. Originally compiled by Dr RW Worthington. (Retired) Licensed under a Creative

More information

MAB Solut. MABSolys Génopole Campus 1 5 rue Henri Desbruères 91030 Evry Cedex. www.mabsolut.com. is involved at each stage of your project

MAB Solut. MABSolys Génopole Campus 1 5 rue Henri Desbruères 91030 Evry Cedex. www.mabsolut.com. is involved at each stage of your project Mabsolus-2015-UK:Mise en page 1 03/07/15 14:13 Page1 Services provider Department of MABSolys from conception to validation MAB Solut is involved at each stage of your project Creation of antibodies Production

More information

European Medicines Agency

European Medicines Agency European Medicines Agency July 1996 CPMP/ICH/139/95 ICH Topic Q 5 B Quality of Biotechnological Products: Analysis of the Expression Construct in Cell Lines Used for Production of r-dna Derived Protein

More information

Viral Infection: Receptors

Viral Infection: Receptors Viral Infection: Receptors Receptors: Identification of receptors has come from expressing the gene for the receptor in a cell to which a virus does not normally bind -OR- By blocking virus attachment

More information

Supplementary Materials for

Supplementary Materials for www.sciencesignaling.org/cgi/content/full/7/339/ra80/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Manipulation of receptor oligomerization as a strategy to inhibit signaling by TNF superfamily members Julia T. Warren,

More information

Chapter 3 Contd. Western blotting & SDS PAGE

Chapter 3 Contd. Western blotting & SDS PAGE Chapter 3 Contd. Western blotting & SDS PAGE Western Blot Western blots allow investigators to determine the molecular weight of a protein and to measure relative amounts of the protein present in different

More information

1 Mutation and Genetic Change

1 Mutation and Genetic Change CHAPTER 14 1 Mutation and Genetic Change SECTION Genes in Action KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: What is the origin of genetic differences among organisms? What kinds

More information

Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules

Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules Protein Synthesis Protein Synthesis How Genes Become Constituent Molecules Mendel and The Idea of Gene What is a Chromosome? A chromosome is a molecule of DNA 50% 50% 1. True 2. False True False Protein

More information

Supplemental Fig. S1. The schematic diagrams of the expression constructs used in this study.

Supplemental Fig. S1. The schematic diagrams of the expression constructs used in this study. 1 Supplemental data Supplemental Fig. S1. The schematic diagrams of the expression constructs used in this study. Supplemental Fig. S2. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) of the 56 putative caspase substrates

More information

Final Review. Aptamers. Making Aptamers: SELEX 6/3/2011. sirna and mirna. Central Dogma. RNAi: A translation regulation mechanism.

Final Review. Aptamers. Making Aptamers: SELEX 6/3/2011. sirna and mirna. Central Dogma. RNAi: A translation regulation mechanism. Central Dogma Final Review Section Week 10 DNA RNA Protein DNA DNA replication DNA RNA transcription RNA Protein translation **RNA DNA reverse transcription http://bass.bio.uci.edu/~hudel/bs99a/lecture20/lecture1_1.html

More information

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology Western blotting and SDS-PAGE

Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. Recombinant DNA technology Western blotting and SDS-PAGE Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Recombinant DNA technology Western blotting and SDS-PAGE Recombinant DNA Technology Protein Synthesis Western Blot Western blots allow investigators to determine the molecular

More information

Chapter 3. Protein Structure and Function

Chapter 3. Protein Structure and Function Chapter 3 Protein Structure and Function Broad functional classes So Proteins have structure and function... Fine! -Why do we care to know more???? Understanding functional architechture gives us POWER

More information

Structure and Function of DNA

Structure and Function of DNA Structure and Function of DNA DNA and RNA Structure DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. They consist of chemical units called nucleotides. The nucleotides are joined by a sugar-phosphate backbone. The four

More information

specific B cells Humoral immunity lymphocytes antibodies B cells bone marrow Cell-mediated immunity: T cells antibodies proteins

specific B cells Humoral immunity lymphocytes antibodies B cells bone marrow Cell-mediated immunity: T cells antibodies proteins Adaptive Immunity Chapter 17: Adaptive (specific) Immunity Bio 139 Dr. Amy Rogers Host defenses that are specific to a particular infectious agent Can be innate or genetic for humans as a group: most microbes

More information

About Our Products. Blood Products. Purified Infectious/Inactivated Agents. Native & Recombinant Viral Proteins. DNA Controls and Primers for PCR

About Our Products. Blood Products. Purified Infectious/Inactivated Agents. Native & Recombinant Viral Proteins. DNA Controls and Primers for PCR About Our Products Purified Infectious/Inactivated Agents ABI produces a variety of specialized reagents, allowing researchers to choose the best preparations for their studies. Available reagents include

More information

Custom Antibodies & Recombinant Proteins

Custom Antibodies & Recombinant Proteins Custom Antibodies & Recombinant Proteins INTRODUCTION Custom services to meet your research and development requirements Improvements in health, medicine and diagnostics over the past century can be largely

More information

Guidance for Industry

Guidance for Industry Guidance for Industry Interpreting Sameness of Monoclonal Antibody Products Under the Orphan Drug Regulations U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation

More information

PROTOCOL. Immunostaining for Flow Cytometry. Background. Materials and equipment required.

PROTOCOL. Immunostaining for Flow Cytometry. Background. Materials and equipment required. PROTOCOL Immunostaining for Flow Cytometry 1850 Millrace Drive, Suite 3A Eugene, Oregon 97403 Rev.0 Background The combination of single cell analysis using flow cytometry and the specificity of antibody-based

More information

Becker Muscular Dystrophy

Becker Muscular Dystrophy Muscular Dystrophy A Case Study of Positional Cloning Described by Benjamin Duchenne (1868) X-linked recessive disease causing severe muscular degeneration. 100 % penetrance X d Y affected male Frequency

More information

Outline. 1. Experiment. 2. Sample analysis and storage. 3. Image analysis and presenting data. 4. Probemaker

Outline. 1. Experiment. 2. Sample analysis and storage. 3. Image analysis and presenting data. 4. Probemaker Tips and tricks Note: this is just an informative document with general recommendations. Please contact support@olink.com should you have any queries. Document last reviewed 2011-11-17 Outline 1. Experiment

More information

Molecular Genetics. RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis

Molecular Genetics. RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis Molecular Genetics RNA, Transcription, & Protein Synthesis Section 1 RNA AND TRANSCRIPTION Objectives Describe the primary functions of RNA Identify how RNA differs from DNA Describe the structure and

More information

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)- conjugated Antibodies

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)- conjugated Antibodies USER GUIDE Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC)- conjugated Antibodies Catalog Numbers R933-25, R953-25, R963-25 Document Part Number 25-0376 Publication Number MAN0000194 Revision 2.0 For Research Use Only.

More information

Custom Antibody Services

Custom Antibody Services Custom Antibody Services Custom service offerings DNA sequence Plasmid Peptide Structure Protein Peptide Small molecule Cells Spleen Lymphocytes Antigen Preparation Immunization Fusion & Subcloning Expansion

More information

CD3/TCR stimulation and surface detection Determination of specificity of intracellular detection of IL-7Rα by flow cytometry

CD3/TCR stimulation and surface detection Determination of specificity of intracellular detection of IL-7Rα by flow cytometry CD3/TCR stimulation and surface detection Stimulation of HPB-ALL cells with the anti-cd3 monoclonal antibody OKT3 was performed as described 3. In brief, antibody-coated plates were prepared by incubating

More information

4. DNA replication Pages: 979-984 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C Which one of the following statements about enzymes that interact with DNA is true?

4. DNA replication Pages: 979-984 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C Which one of the following statements about enzymes that interact with DNA is true? Chapter 25 DNA Metabolism Multiple Choice Questions 1. DNA replication Page: 977 Difficulty: 2 Ans: C The Meselson-Stahl experiment established that: A) DNA polymerase has a crucial role in DNA synthesis.

More information

13.4 Gene Regulation and Expression

13.4 Gene Regulation and Expression 13.4 Gene Regulation and Expression Lesson Objectives Describe gene regulation in prokaryotes. Explain how most eukaryotic genes are regulated. Relate gene regulation to development in multicellular organisms.

More information

Name Date Period. 2. When a molecule of double-stranded DNA undergoes replication, it results in

Name Date Period. 2. When a molecule of double-stranded DNA undergoes replication, it results in DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis Keystone 1. During the process shown above, the two strands of one DNA molecule are unwound. Then, DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand which results

More information

RNA Viruses. A Practical Approac h. Alan J. Cann

RNA Viruses. A Practical Approac h. Alan J. Cann RNA Viruses A Practical Approac h Alan J. Cann List of protocols page xiii Abbreviations xvii Investigation of RNA virus genome structure 1 A j. Easton, A.C. Marriott and C.R. Pringl e 1 Introduction-the

More information

Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences/Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Serology

Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences/Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Serology Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences/Clinical Microbiology, Immunology and Serology The Master Degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences / Clinical Microbiology, Immunology or

More information

WESTERN BLOTTING TIPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

WESTERN BLOTTING TIPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE WESTERN BLOTTING TIPS AND TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE TIPS FOR SUCCESSFUL WESTERB BLOTS TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 1. Suboptimal protein transfer. This is the most common complaint with western blotting and could

More information

Notch 1 -dependent regulation of cell fate in colorectal cancer

Notch 1 -dependent regulation of cell fate in colorectal cancer Notch 1 -dependent regulation of cell fate in colorectal cancer Referees: PD Dr. Tobias Dick Prof. Dr. Wilfried Roth http://d-nb.info/1057851272 CONTENTS Summary 1 Zusammenfassung 2 1 INTRODUCTION 3 1.1

More information

Chapter 6: Antigen-Antibody Interactions

Chapter 6: Antigen-Antibody Interactions Chapter 6: Antigen-Antibody Interactions I. Strength of Ag-Ab interactions A. Antibody Affinity - strength of total noncovalent interactions between single Ag-binding site on an Ab and a single epitope

More information

BCHM 32200 Analytical Biochemistry Syllabus Spring, 2013

BCHM 32200 Analytical Biochemistry Syllabus Spring, 2013 INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Mark Hall office: BCHM 214 TEL: 494-0714 e-mail: mchall@purdue.edu DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY BCHM 32200 Analytical Biochemistry Syllabus Spring, 2013 Office hours: By appointment only

More information

STUDIES ON SEED STORAGE PROTEINS OF SOME ECONOMICALLY MINOR PLANTS

STUDIES ON SEED STORAGE PROTEINS OF SOME ECONOMICALLY MINOR PLANTS STUDIES ON SEED STORAGE PROTEINS OF SOME ECONOMICALLY MINOR PLANTS THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREB OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (SCIENCE) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALCUTTA 1996 NRISINHA DE, M.Sc DEPARTMENT OF BIOCHEMISTRY

More information

Lecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu.

Lecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION. Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu. Lecture 1 MODULE 3 GENE EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION Professor Bharat Patel Office: Science 2, 2.36 Email: b.patel@griffith.edu.au What is Gene Expression & Gene Regulation? 1. Gene Expression

More information

Chapter 5. Characterization of. Topoisomerase II alpha and beta. Kinase activities

Chapter 5. Characterization of. Topoisomerase II alpha and beta. Kinase activities Chapter 5 Characterization of Topoisomerase II alpha and beta Kinase activities The results incorporated in the previous chapter demonstrated the presence of two molecular species of kinases in the purified

More information

DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis. This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!!

DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis. This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!! DNA Replication & Protein Synthesis This isn t a baaaaaaaddd chapter!!! The Discovery of DNA s Structure Watson and Crick s discovery of DNA s structure was based on almost fifty years of research by other

More information

The immune response Antibodies Antigens Epitopes (antigenic determinants) the part of a protein antigen recognized by an antibody Haptens small

The immune response Antibodies Antigens Epitopes (antigenic determinants) the part of a protein antigen recognized by an antibody Haptens small The immune response Antibodies Antigens Epitopes (antigenic determinants) the part of a protein antigen recognized by an antibody Haptens small molecules that can elicit an immune response when linked

More information

Classic Immunoprecipitation

Classic Immunoprecipitation 292PR 01 G-Biosciences 1-800-628-7730 1-314-991-6034 technical@gbiosciences.com A Geno Technology, Inc. (USA) brand name Classic Immunoprecipitation Utilizes Protein A/G Agarose for Antibody Binding (Cat.

More information

Transfection-Transfer of non-viral genetic material into eukaryotic cells. Infection/ Transduction- Transfer of viral genetic material into cells.

Transfection-Transfer of non-viral genetic material into eukaryotic cells. Infection/ Transduction- Transfer of viral genetic material into cells. Transfection Key words: Transient transfection, Stable transfection, transfection methods, vector, plasmid, origin of replication, reporter gene/ protein, cloning site, promoter and enhancer, signal peptide,

More information

Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences/Clinical Biochemistry

Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences/Clinical Biochemistry Course Curriculum for Master Degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences/Clinical Biochemistry The Master Degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences /Clinical Biochemistry, is awarded by the Faculty of Graduate Studies

More information

Biopharmaceutical Process Evaluated for Viral Clearance

Biopharmaceutical Process Evaluated for Viral Clearance Authored by S. Steve Zhou, Ph.D. Microbac Laboratories, Inc., Microbiotest Division The purpose of Viral Clearance evaluation is to assess the capability of a manufacturing production process to inactivate

More information

Molecular Biology Techniques: A Classroom Laboratory Manual THIRD EDITION

Molecular Biology Techniques: A Classroom Laboratory Manual THIRD EDITION Molecular Biology Techniques: A Classroom Laboratory Manual THIRD EDITION Susan Carson Heather B. Miller D.Scott Witherow ELSEVIER AMSTERDAM BOSTON HEIDELBERG LONDON NEW YORK OXFORD PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN

More information

Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology

Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Recombinant DNA and Biotechnology Chapter 18 Lecture Objectives What Is Recombinant DNA? How Are New Genes Inserted into Cells? What Sources of DNA Are Used in Cloning? What Other Tools Are Used to Study

More information

SCIENCE WHERE YOU ARE

SCIENCE WHERE YOU ARE Newsletter. November 2013 SCIENCE WHERE YOU ARE Dealing with BioNordika includes a number of first class benefits: Next day delivery.... and some times even faster! Free delivery. Focus on your application.

More information

cause harmful and unwanted toxicity to normal cells. The therapeutic index of chemotherapy is

cause harmful and unwanted toxicity to normal cells. The therapeutic index of chemotherapy is Using Viruses to Kill Cancer: Investigating the role of in vitro cell differentiation in HSV-1 double-mutant KM110red infection of hfob and U2OS cells Natalie Raso Background In the successful development

More information

Supplementary Figure 1.

Supplementary Figure 1. Supplementary Figure 1. (A) MicroRNA 212 enhances IS from pancreatic β-cells. INS-1 832/3 β-cells were transfected with precursors for mirnas 212, 375, or negative control oligonucleotides. 48 hrs after

More information

Ms. Campbell Protein Synthesis Practice Questions Regents L.E.

Ms. Campbell Protein Synthesis Practice Questions Regents L.E. Name Student # Ms. Campbell Protein Synthesis Practice Questions Regents L.E. 1. A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in a messenger-rna molecule is known as a 1) codon 2) gene 3) polypeptide 4) nucleotide

More information

Design of conditional gene targeting vectors - a recombineering approach

Design of conditional gene targeting vectors - a recombineering approach Recombineering protocol #4 Design of conditional gene targeting vectors - a recombineering approach Søren Warming, Ph.D. The purpose of this protocol is to help you in the gene targeting vector design

More information

Fig. S1. The tail of KHC is important for Gurken localization. (A-C) Gurken in st9 khc 27 mutant oocytes (GLC) containing KHCGFP transgenes.

Fig. S1. The tail of KHC is important for Gurken localization. (A-C) Gurken in st9 khc 27 mutant oocytes (GLC) containing KHCGFP transgenes. Fig. S1. The tail of KHC is important for Gurken localization. (A-C) Gurken in st9 khc 27 mutant oocytes (GLC) containing KHCGFP transgenes. A) KHC1-975 rescues Gurken localization, to a crescent at the

More information

hydrocortisone (5 mg/ml), EGF (10 µg/ml) and Heparin (5000 U/ml). Antibodies against the N-terminal peptide of MEK1 (MEK1-N) and against Flotillin 1

hydrocortisone (5 mg/ml), EGF (10 µg/ml) and Heparin (5000 U/ml). Antibodies against the N-terminal peptide of MEK1 (MEK1-N) and against Flotillin 1 SUPPLEMENTARY METHODS Cells HUVEC (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) were grown in complete Medium 199 (Gibco) supplemented with glutamax, 10% foetal calf serum, BBE (9 mg/ml), hydrocortisone (5

More information

PROTOCOL. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

PROTOCOL. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED PROTOCOL Immunocytochemistry (ICC) 1850 Millrace Drive, Suite 3A Eugene, Oregon 97403 11-07 MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Materials: MitoSciences primary monoclonal antibody/antibodies Fluorophore-conjugated

More information

Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression

Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression 18.1. Gene Regulation Is Necessary By switching genes off when they are not needed, cells can prevent resources from being wasted. There should be natural selection

More information

Investigating the role of a Cryptosporidium parum apyrase in infection

Investigating the role of a Cryptosporidium parum apyrase in infection Investigating the role of a Cryptosporidium parum apyrase in infection David Riccardi and Patricio Manque Abstract This project attempted to characterize the function of a Cryptosporidium parvum apyrase

More information

Application of Neutralization Fingerprinting in Antibody Epitope Prediction and Delineating Antibody Recognition in HIV-1 Sera

Application of Neutralization Fingerprinting in Antibody Epitope Prediction and Delineating Antibody Recognition in HIV-1 Sera Application of Neutralization Fingerprinting in Antibody Epitope Prediction and Delineating Antibody Recognition in HIV-1 Sera Gwo-Yu Chuang Structural Bioinformatics Section Vaccine Research Center/NIAID/NIH

More information

Genetics Lecture Notes 7.03 2005. Lectures 1 2

Genetics Lecture Notes 7.03 2005. Lectures 1 2 Genetics Lecture Notes 7.03 2005 Lectures 1 2 Lecture 1 We will begin this course with the question: What is a gene? This question will take us four lectures to answer because there are actually several

More information

Geniron. Custom Antibody Services. Serum services Antibody Monoclonal. Purification Antibody Mono Y Genetic Immunization Genbody Polyclonal Antibody

Geniron. Custom Antibody Services. Serum services Antibody Monoclonal. Purification Antibody Mono Y Genetic Immunization Genbody Polyclonal Antibody Geniron Custom Antibody Services Serum services Antibody Monoclonal Purification Antibody Mono Y Genetic Immunization Genbody Polyclonal Antibody Geniron Poly Y WE PROVIDE OUR SERVICES TO With Expertise

More information

OriGene Technologies, Inc. MicroRNA analysis: Detection, Perturbation, and Target Validation

OriGene Technologies, Inc. MicroRNA analysis: Detection, Perturbation, and Target Validation OriGene Technologies, Inc. MicroRNA analysis: Detection, Perturbation, and Target Validation -Optimal strategies to a successful mirna research project Optimal strategies to a successful mirna research

More information

Student name ID # 2. (4 pts) What is the terminal electron acceptor in respiration? In photosynthesis? O2, NADP+

Student name ID # 2. (4 pts) What is the terminal electron acceptor in respiration? In photosynthesis? O2, NADP+ 1. Membrane transport. A. (4 pts) What ion couples primary and secondary active transport in animal cells? What ion serves the same function in plant cells? Na+, H+ 2. (4 pts) What is the terminal electron

More information

DNA Fingerprinting. Unless they are identical twins, individuals have unique DNA

DNA Fingerprinting. Unless they are identical twins, individuals have unique DNA DNA Fingerprinting Unless they are identical twins, individuals have unique DNA DNA fingerprinting The name used for the unambiguous identifying technique that takes advantage of differences in DNA sequence

More information

INTERPRETATION INFORMATION SHEET

INTERPRETATION INFORMATION SHEET Creative Testing Solutions 2424 West Erie Dr. 2205 Highway 121 10100 Martin Luther King Jr. St. No. Tempe, AZ 85282 Bedford, TX 76021 St. Petersburg, FL 33716 INTERPRETATION INFORMATION SHEET Human Immunodeficiency

More information

Kinexus has an in-house inventory of lysates prepared from 16 human cancer cell lines that have been selected to represent a diversity of tissues,

Kinexus has an in-house inventory of lysates prepared from 16 human cancer cell lines that have been selected to represent a diversity of tissues, Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation is seeking to map and monitor the molecular communications networks of living cells for biomedical research into the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of human diseases.

More information

Appendix 2 Molecular Biology Core Curriculum. Websites and Other Resources

Appendix 2 Molecular Biology Core Curriculum. Websites and Other Resources Appendix 2 Molecular Biology Core Curriculum Websites and Other Resources Chapter 1 - The Molecular Basis of Cancer 1. Inside Cancer http://www.insidecancer.org/ From the Dolan DNA Learning Center Cold

More information

Understanding West Nile Virus Infection

Understanding West Nile Virus Infection Understanding West Nile Virus Infection The QIAGEN Bioinformatics Solution: Biomedical Genomics Workbench (BXWB) + Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) Functional Genomics & Predictive Medicine, May 21-22,

More information

Chapter 6. Antigen-Antibody Properties 10/3/2012. Antigen-Antibody Interactions: Principles and Applications. Precipitin reactions

Chapter 6. Antigen-Antibody Properties 10/3/2012. Antigen-Antibody Interactions: Principles and Applications. Precipitin reactions Chapter 6 Antigen-Antibody Interactions: Principles and Applications Antigen-Antibody Properties You must remember antibody affinity (single) VS avidity (multiple) High affinity: bound tightly and longer!

More information

ELITE Custom Antibody Services

ELITE Custom Antibody Services ELITE Custom Antibody Services ELITE Custom Antibody Services Experience, confidence, and understanding As a manufacturer and service provider, we have the experience, confidence, and understanding to

More information