Review on KVM Hypervisor

Transcription

1 Intrnational Journal of Rcnt chnolog and Enginring (IJRE) ISSN: , Volum-3 Issu-4 Stmbr, 2014 Riw on KVM Hrisor Pankaj R Kadam, Nilsh V Alon Abstract-In toda s world th boom of cloud comuting is mad ossibl du to th irtualization tchnolog. his tchnolog was inntd bfor coul of dcads but cloud comuting lragd this tchnolog to build scalabl rliabl latform which can dlo man alications in th cloud. Virtualizd rsourcs com undr th infrastructur as sric. hr ar man irtualization tchnologis aailabl right now in th markt which includs VMwar, Hr V, LXC, Xn and KVM. KVM is also known as krnl irtualizd machin as it is comltl intgratd into th Linux krnl itslf so it is abl to us man nati functionalitis which ar aailabl in th Linux krnl itslf. KVM roids th full isualization of gusts which allows gusts to run unmodifid. KVM is comltl on sourc and ha a strong communit bhind this which ks udating th KVM. In this ar w ha riwd th KVM and studid its dtaild architctur. W ha also don som tsts and aluation which ros th significant ur hand of th KVM or othr hrisors aailabl in th markt. Indx rms Bar Mtal Prformanc, Bnchmarking Cloud comuting, Full Virtualization, on sourc irtualization. I. INRODUCION Cloud comuting is all about roiding and consuming th comuting owr rsourcs. hs rsourcs can b in an form lik irtual machins, onlin softwar srics and n irtualizd hardwar. Cloud or ublic clouds ar th hug ools of ths rsourcs which gograhicall distributd or th glob in th arious datacntrs. Du to thir hug caacit and irtualization tchnolog clouds ar scalabl and flxibl in th natur. On can asil incras or xand his comuting rsourc rquirmnt in th cloud without rquiring dloing th actual hardwar. Instant rsourcs ar allocatd to th usrs on dmand from th alrad dlod hardwar. Cloud comuting is r succssful inntion in th comutr scinc in rcnt ars as man studis ha ron its trmndous growth rat. Gartnr in its rcnt stud rdictd th cloud markt to rach to mor than $180 billion b th nd of th [1] In nskinc stud 88 rcnt comanis rortd that th ha sad th significant amount of th mon moing to th cloud. [2] Virtualization is th bas of th cloud as it allows cloud sric roidrs to diid actual hsical rsourcs to irtual rsourcs. hs irtual rsourcs ar thn allocatd to th indiidual clints or th consumrs. Although man irtualizd rsourcs ar on th singl hardwar nod but it roid riac and scurit to ach tnant of th cloud or th usr of th cloud. Virtualization is aailabl in th markt from th 1960 and it was first usd in th mainfram comutrs to diid th rsourcs logicall so th can b Manuscrit Rcid on Stmbr, 2014 Pankaj R Kadam, R. H. Saat Collg of Enginring, Managmnt Studis & Rsarch, Nashik, M.S. India. Prof. Nilsh V ALon, R. H. Saat Collg of Enginring, Managmnt Studis & Rsarch, Nashik, M.S. India. utilizd b diffrnt alications running on th mainfram comutrs. im sharing mchanism was usd in back thn so that it can xcut multil alications. his was not a robust solution for th irtualizing th rsourcs as rror causd b on alication was affcting all othr alications running on that hardwar. hr was no isolation in th hardwar and at alication ll which was causing man issus with th sstm. In 1970, IBM roosd th mainfram comutr which can actuall diid th hardwar and also roidd th isolation art which was missing from th rious solution. Administrators wr abl to artition th hardwar on th basis of thir alication rquirmnts. In 1980 du to inntion of x86 architctur comutr hardwar rics wr drod and consumrs wr abl to urchas th hardwar at low cast. Dram of rsonal comutr was ralizd and usrs wr abl to xcut thir alications on th rsonal comutr. hs comutrs ar also abl to do th multitasking so ol flt that thr is no nd of irtualization now as w ar gtting th nough rsourcs in th budgt cost. Around 2005, Intl xtndd its IA 32 instruction st to suort irtualization tchnolog. his mo b Intl mad significant changs as irtualization was mad aailabl to ron as mdiocr CPU wr also suorting th irtualization natil. his mo rall hld to attract ol to irtualizd nironmnt. Du to aailabilit of th hardwar which suorts th irtualization coman lik VMwar [3] startd dloing th hrisors which allow usrs to crat irtual machins on thir comutrs itslf. Virtualization nabld thm to xtract th faturs from th ral hardwar to isolatd nironmnt calld as irtual machins. his irtual machin can ha diffrnt orating sstm than host orating sstm. At th start isolation of th arious alications was th rimar us of th irtual machins but toda irtual machins ar rimaril usd for th consolidation uros. In man data cntrs th 20 to 30 srrs ar irtualizd and consolidatd on th singl hsical hardwar nod. Consolidation rocss rducs th hardwar costing and nd u saing in nrg and caital snding. Consolidatd nironmnts ar as to manag as th can b migratd to and from arious hosts aailabl. II. VIRUAL MACHINE MONIOR hs irtual machins ar managd b irtual machin monitor (VMM) or also calld as th hrisor. VVM gnrall rrsnts softwar lar in btwn th actual host hardwar and irtual machins running on it. h hardwar which runs th VMM is also calld as th host or th nod. On this host VMM is installd dirctl or on th orating sstm which manags th irtual machins. Managmnt oration includs cration, dltion and migration of irtual machins. VMM also controls th lif ccls lik start, sto and rstart 54 Publishd B: Blu Es Intllignc Enginring & Scincs Publication Pt. Ltd.

2 Riw on KVM Hrisor orations of th irtual machin. VMM also ha th arious st of tools to allocat th rsourcs to irtual machins. VMM s can b broadl classifid to two ts naml calld as bar mtal and hostd irtual machin monitors. In t 1, bar mtal irtual machin monitors ar dirctl installd on th hardwar so th ar also calld as nati hrisors. hr is no nd of orating sstm for th host in this bar mtal installation. h Gust orating sstm lis abo th hrisor dirctl. In t 2 which is calld as hostd hrisor nds a bas orating sstm on which it runs as an alication. his t inol thr lars first on is th bas orating sstm, scond on th hrisor itslf and on third it hosts th gust orating sstm. 2 hrisor ar usd for doing th tsting and sandboxing uros whil most of th datacntrs us 1 hrisors in th actual hardwar dlomnts. h main goal which mrgd or tim rgarding th irtualization is to achi th nati rformanc of th hardwar in th irtualizd nironmnt. So th hrisors should considr about roiding th nati and clos to th ral hardwar rformanc in th irtual machins. A irtual machin gnrall has at last on irtual CPU rsourc whil full-fldgd irtual machins ha CPU, irtual mmor and SAN disk storag. So ach host nd to us som kind of sharing algorithm. Virtual machin monitor or th hrisor dos this for host machin. im sharing is gnrall usd b th VMM to allocat th irtual CPU s to th irtual machins. Mmor managmnt is also handld b th VMM, VMM diids th host hsical mmor into arious sctions which can b asil accssibl from th irtual machins. Each machin gts its mmor addrsss allocatd to itslf. Bsids th CPU and mmor thr ar arious dics which maks irtual machin a comlt machin. Virtual machin dosn t ha th accss to th hsical hardwar dics so ths dics ar roidd b th irtual dics. hs irtual dics ar ndd to install its dic drirs at first installation rocss. Hardwar assistd irtualization mad mmor managmnt mor fficint. Hardwar itslf startd suorting th VMM which allowd VMM to xcut th riilgd instructions on th host machin b gust orating sstm. Nw orating sstm runs alications in th lss riilgd mod whil orating sstm runs in th most riilgd mod so that it can accss arious IO and hardwar rsourcs rquird. CPU contains arious riilg rings th on which is clos to th CPU ha high riilgs and orating sstm run in that ring whil alications run in th outr rings. Virtual machin rquirs som riilgs from th ring 0 as th nd to xcut th cod of th orating sstm. Som softwar tchniqus lik binar transition and tras mulation allowd VMM to do this but thr wr high orhad inold. Hardwar assistd irtualization sold this roblm and allowd th irtual machin to xcut thir cod in mor riilgd rings without an additional costs. Hardwar suort also includs Intl s xtndd aging tabl and AMD s Nstd aging tabl which allowd translation btwn th irtual mmor. his liminatd th nd of holding th shadow ag in th mmor which in turn incrasd th rformanc of th sstm. VMM can raliz th irtualization b two mans calld as ara irtualization and full irtualization. In ara irtualization gust do not run in th most riilgd ring i.. ring 0. So to xcut this instruction on nd to modif th orating sstm so it can suort th gust orating sstm. his inols atching of th orating sstm so that it can run smoothl in irtualizd latform. Othr tchniqu is calld as full irtualization which uss th hardwar assistd irtualization. Hardwar suort allows on to run th orating without an modification in th cod of th orating sstm. his roids th scur nironmnt for th usrs. III. KERNEL BASED VIRUAL MACHINE Qumrant dlod th first rsion of KVM in Fbruar Intl and AMD xosd th hardwar irtualization suort to all of its rocssor ariants which boost th rsarch in this sgmnt. In Stmbr 2008 Qumrant was acquird b th rd hat and dlod th KVM into a robust roduct. [4] h sourc cod of KVM was alrad on sourcd b th Qumrant which allowd man comanis to xlor this and dlod thir own ariants. h on sourc communit allowd man imromnts in ucoming KVM rsions. KVM is natil rsnt in all th rd hat and cnt OS ariants. KVM cod was originall 100 orthogonal to krnl of th Linux so th mrging of th Linux and km was a sohisticatd mrgr. h furthr dlomnt of th KVM was also significant as KVM was abl to ort to man aailabl architctur lik owr PC and IA64. Rdhat and on communit kt th whl running and man nw irtualizd faturs ar rlasd b th KVM. Currntl KVM on sourc communit is known as on irtualization allianc. [5] his allianc is managd b its mmbrs who includ man giant comanis lik HP, IBM, Intl, Nt A and Rdhat. KVM us full irtualization tchniqu to irtualiz th irtual machins. KVM suort all major orating sstms which includs Linux and windows on all x86 hardwar. Sinc rsion 2.6 KVM bcam th art of th Linux krnl itslf so KVM is now aailabl in th krnl of Linux itslf. Which is actuall a biggst bnfit for KVM as it is dlod alongsid th actual Linux dlomnt. KVM gains rformanc bnfits from th algorithms which ar imlmntd in th Linux krnl. So an imromnt in th Linux krnl actuall bnfits th KVM rformanc as KVM uss much nati functionalit imlmntd in th Linux krnl. As KVM is art of th Linux it can lrag Scurit-Enhancd Linux which was dlod b th US Scurit Agnc. [6] It allows on to st arious scurit olicis and accss controls at arious lls. ight intgration with Linux krnl ilds man such adantags to th usrs which includ rformanc and scurit bnfits. IV. KVM ARCHIECURE As w know that Linux krnl ha all th tools ncssar to run th irtual machins as krnl includs tools lik mmor managmnt, dic drirs, rocss schduling and IO roisioning. KVM uss th Linux krnl as th hrisor. hr is no nd to imlmnt th sarat cod or mchanism to schdul th rocsss of running irtual machins. KVM is small cod bas of 42 thousand lins 55 Publishd B: Blu Es Intllignc Enginring & Scincs Publication Pt. Ltd.

3 which is includd in th krnl itslf so ou can considr KVM as modul of th krnl. [7] h architctur of th KVM can b diagrammaticall rrsntd as blow Figur 1 Architctur of KVM As KVM is dlod aftr th inntion hardwar irtualization suort, KVM lrag this tchnolog to introduc nw mod calld as th gust mod. In normal Linux orating sstm rocss can run in th two mods oularl known as krnl mod and usr mod. KVM introducs th third mod calld as gust mod. Gust mod is usd to xcut th gust cod onl and gust IO orations ar handld b th usr mod. Krnl mod can switch to gust mod to handl th IO xits and IO orations. Virtual machin runs as th rocss in th host on which KVM hrisor is usd. Conct of th thrad is usd to imlmnt th irtual CPU; ths thrads can b managd b CPU schdulr. ics lik Disk, Ntwork cards and othr IO dics ar dirctl accssd b irtual machins which imro th IOPS and orall rformanc of th gust machins running on th KVM host. Ntwork traffic is snt ia a softwar bridg so thr is no orhad in th ntwork also. KVM imlmnts irtual machins as th rocsss which ar assignd th rocssing owr b th CPU schdulr itslf. his sols th CPU mulation roblm and thr is no nd to do th binar transition which is wa comlx and inol orhad. As multil irtual machins ar xctd to run on a singl host th can shar th comuting owr b using nati tim slicing tchniqu. Hardwar assistd irtualization allows on to run th gust OS in th krnl mod and can snd tra to th krnl. In Intl V X tchnolog a control structur is maintaind calld as VMCS which holds th information about th gust stat and host stats. hr stats includ rgistrs, mmor and intrruts dtails. V x allow dirct mulation of th irtual CPU howr intrruts ar still handld b th krnl mod. Various schdulrs lik NUMA (Non-Uniform Mmor Accss), CFS (Comltl Fair Schdulr) and RCU ar usd to roid th comuting owr to th rocsss which ar running as irtual machins. KVM can suort 16 CPU. Du to massi us of Linux krnl cod KVM uss th sam mmor managmnt mchanism which is usd b th Linux krnl to allocat mmor to th rocsss. Each VM aars to ha th hsical mmor which is actuall th irtual mmor. Mmor addrsss insid th VM mas thm to th rocss mmor with which th KVM host is running. his rocss mmor is thn mad to hsical mmor of th host. KVM connct ths two lars of th translation with th hl of shadow ag tabl or assistd Intrnational Journal of Rcnt chnolog and Enginring (IJRE) ISSN: , Volum-3 Issu-4 Stmbr, 2014 hardwar assistd irtualization. KVM ks a scond st of ag tabl which is calld as shadow ag tabl. Whn an gust writ a ag fault occurs thn this writ is mulatd b th host and an ntr is addd to th shadow ag tabl. Anothr solution to th mmor maing is Extndd Pag abl. his is a hardwar solution which is roidd b all th lading rocssor manufacturrs. Gust OS maintains gust rocss tabl and host maintains th VM tabl. Whn an LB miss occur CPU dos th two lookus. Aftr rocssor and mmor th nxt ssntial thing for a irtual machin to function is arious hardwar dics. o mulat ths dics KVM uss QEMU[8]. QEMU is imlmntd as rocss which is startd for ach VM and crtain dics ar attachd to irtual machin ia this rocss. hs dics ar also calld as Para irtualizd dics. QEMU mulats th ntir PC latform which includs grahics, disk dris and ntworking. Whn an IO oration is rformd b VM, ths ar intrctd b th KVM and ths rqusts ar rdirctd to QEMU which handls ths rqusts. As thr is r lss mulation in btwn th actual hardwar and irtual machins, this rall imros th rformanc of ths dics. An t of dongl of USB dic can b rcognizd b th irtual machin as its nati dic. Virtual machins can also accss th PCI slots ia PCI ass through which allows accss to an grahic card installd in th PCI slot. Various orations in KVM ar imlmntd using th ioctl calls. hs calls ar handld b th intrfac known as /d/km. his intrfac is cratd whn ou install th KVM modul in th Linux krnl. hs sstm calls ar usd to crat nw irtual machin, assigning th disk, assigning th mmor and arious othr orations. Ioctl s ar diidd into thr grou calld sstm ll rqusts, VM ll rqusts and CPU ll rqusts. /d/km maintains its own fil dscritor whn a nw CPU is cratd it crats nw fil dscritor for it. Following ar th common ioctl s inold in th cration of th irtual machins. Figur 2 Flow of ioctls h othr normal orating of th irtual machin inols lots of switchs in btwn th usr mod, krnl mod and gust mod. Usr mod is gnrall usd whil using ioctl or an IO oration rquird. Gust k xcuting its cod until an IO oration is rquird or an xtrnal nt occurs. Krnl mod maintains th xcution of th gust workflow if gust xists du to an mmor rquirmnt or th IO rqusts krnl handls that rqust and rsums th work flow back to th normal. In gust mod sstm uss th xtndd instruction st which can run on th irtual CPU normall. his will continu to work until thr is an xtrnal intrrut. 56 Publishd B: Blu Es Intllignc Enginring & Scincs Publication Pt. Ltd.

4 Riw on KVM Hrisor Figur 3 Switch of mods hs switchs btwn th krnl mod and usr mod ar rtt fast but still consum som orhad CPU ccls. IO orations ar also rquirs a switch to usr mod, as disk is considrd as a fils and data is rad from th disk whn rquird. his usr mod mulatd IO can slow down th VM orations hnc th ha imlmntd th backnd calld Virtio. [8] Virtio is usd to writ th VMM indndnt dic drirs which imros th IO sd and nsurs th bar mtal sd for th irtual machins. V. EXPERIMEN SEUP W ha studid th architctur of th KVM and also sn th facts which gi th arious adantags to th KVM or othr hrisors aailabl. o stud and comar th rlati rformanc w ha don th following stu: W ha stu thr host srrs with following scifications: 1. Srr: i7 3770K rocssor, 8 GB RAM, 40 GB SSD sac Hrisor: KVM 2. Srr: i7 3770K rocssor, 8 GB RAM, 40 GB SSD sac Hrisor: Xn Srr: i7 3770K rocssor, 8 GB RAM, 40 GB SSD sac Hrisor: VMwar Exsi 5.5 W ha cratd on irtual machin on th ach hrisor to do our bnchmarking. Virtual machin has th scification 1 CPU, 1 GB RAM and 20 GB SSD sac. hs Virtual machins ha Cnt OS 6.4 installd on thm. VI. EVALUAION AND RESUL o aluat th rformanc of ths irtual machins w ha installd th honix tst suit on ach of th irtual machins and ran som of th famous rformanc bnchmarking tst on ths irtual machins. h tst w ha don includs th C-Ra 1.1 tst, Aach Bnchmark tst, RAMsd co tst for both th intgr and floating alus, RAMsd scal tst for both th floating oint and intgr alus, PostMark 1.51 tst, 7-Zi Comrssion 9.20 tst and OnSSL tst. Blow ar th dscrition of ths arious tsts and rsults obtaind on irtual machins. A. C Ra st: C Ra tst is dsignd to calculat th CPU s floating oint rformanc hr w ha comard th rformanc of th irtual machins whr CPU s ar th main comut owr rsourc. his trac ras in a multithradd mannr (16 thrads r cor) which gnratd a 1600 x 1200 imag [9]. his tst bnchmarks th rocssor of th irtual machin. st Num br abl 1. C ra Bnchmarking st KVM Xn VMw ar Ara g h alus ar in sconds. Sconds takn b th rocssor to gnrat an imag. Lowr alus rrsnt bttr rformanc. In this bnchmark KVM lags bhind th rformanc on th Xn and VMwar. B. Aach Bnchmarking st: his tst is ab t tst. [10] his tst bnchmarks th whol sstm rformanc. his tst builds a rofil and masurs how man rqusts a gin sstm can sustain in th controlld nironmnt. In this 100 aach rqusts ar carrid out concurrntl. st Num br KVM abl 2. Aach Bnchmarking st Xn VMwar Std. D Ar ag h alus rrsntd hr ar in htt rqusts srd r scond. Highr alus ar bttr. Standard diation is rsntd in th rcntag. In orall sstm rformanc KVM bats VMwar b a significant diffrnc whil Xn stands as a winnr b r littl margins 57 Publishd B: Blu Es Intllignc Enginring & Scincs Publication Pt. Ltd.

5 C. RAMsd SMP 3.50 st: his bnchmark tst calculats th mmor rformanc undr both th intgr and floating oint alus. [11] his masurs both th mmor and cach bandwidth alus. [12] W ha rform two tst calld as co tst and scal tst on slctd hrisors. In co oration w ar siml coing th data from on location of mmor to anothr whil in scaling w ar multiling th alu with crtain numbr and thn w ar moing it to th scifid alu. a. Co abl 3 RAMsd co Bnchmarking st: st KVM Xn VMwar I 6074 I 5801 I F 5218 F 4982 F I Intgr F Floating Valus ar in MB/s and highr alus rrsnt th bttr rformanc. In Co rformanc KVM bats both Xn and VMwar. b. Scal abl 4. RAMsd Scal st st KVM Xn VMwar I 6057 I 6029 I F 5337 F 5064 F In th scaling oration Xn rformd bttr than both th KVM and VMwar. D. PostMark st: NtA ha dlod this PostMark 1.51 st which mulats and gnrats arious fils lik a mail srr or aach srr. his tst gnrats 25,000 transactions b using 500 fils of arious sizs ranging from 5 to 512 kilobts. his bnchmark judgs th rformanc of th disk attachd in th unit of transaction r sconds abl 5. PostMark Bnchmarking st Rsults st KVM Xn D VMwar Intrnational Journal of Rcnt chnolog and Enginring (IJRE) ISSN: , Volum-3 Issu-4 Stmbr, 2014 D Ar ag Valus rsntd in th tabl ar in transaction r scond unit. Highr alus rrsnt th bttr rformanc. In this bnchmark KVM bats th Xn PS rformanc whil VMwar stand out to b th ladr. E. 7 Zi Comrssion st: 7-Zi rogram coms with bnchmarking softwar itslf. [13] W ha run this bnchmarking for masuring th rformanc of th irtual CPU. abl 6. 7 Zi Comrssion Bnchmarking st Rsults st Numbr KVM St d. D Xn St d. D VMwar Arag h alus rsntd in th abo tabl ar in million instructions r scond (MIPS). Highr alus man high rformanc. In this bnchmark KVM bats th Xn rformanc whil VMwar stands as th ladr of th tst. F. OnSSL 1.0.1g st his tst masurs RSA 4096-bit rformanc of OnSSL. OnSSL is fr toolkit which imlmnts th SSL and LS rotocol. his is also CPU intnsi tst and judgs caabilitis of th rocssor. st KVM Xn St d. D VMwar Std. D Ar ag h alus rsntd in th abo tabl ar rrsntd in th signs r scond unit. In this tst KVM outrforms than both Xn and KVM. W can clarl s th incras in th rformanc as KVM is abl to 72 sings r scond whil Xn 58 Publishd B: Blu Es Intllignc Enginring & Scincs Publication Pt. Ltd.

6 Riw on KVM Hrisor dos 64 signs and VMwar falls short to onl 50 signs r scond. W ha conductd total of 6 bnchmarking tsts to judg th rformanc of th irtual machin running on th KVM, Xn and Exsi 5.5 hrisor. In Grahical rformanc which w ha bnchmarkd using th Cra tst KVM fall short whil VMwar was th ladr. In th Aach bnchmarking tst Xn and KVM rformanc was qual but th bat th VMwar hrisor b significant margins. RAMsd which bnchmarkd th mmor rformanc KVM bats both Xn and VMwar. In IO rformanc KVM bats th Xn with significant margins. In th onssl and 7 Zi comrssion tst KVM bats to manag th Xn and VMwar. With th abo summar of th rsult, KVM asil bats th Xn in our arious bnchmark tsts rformd. VMwar found as th ladr in man tsts but th licnsing cost and ndor lock in maks it unfaorabl choic for th most of th ublic cloud roidrs. So in on sourc sac on can now look u for th KVM as an altrnati to Xn Pankaj R Kadam rcid his BE dgr from Pun Unirsit. H is currntl ursuing his mastr dgr in comutr scinc. H also has 2.5 Yars of working xrinc in th cloud and workd on th arious cloud tchnologis. H is currntl working with a riat firm and managing th cloud srrs for th clints Nilsh V Alon is currntl working as Assistant Profssor in Dartmnt of Comutr Enginring, R. H. Saat Collg of Enginring, Managmnt Studis & Rsarch, Nashik. H is haing 13 ars of xrinc in taching. His ara of intrst is in Cloud Comuting and Machin Larning. VII. CONCLUSION In this ar w ha studid th dtail structur of th KVM hrisor. KVM uss most of th functionalitis from th Linux krnl hnc roid bttr rformanc in trms of IO orations and orall rformanc. W ha also don som bnchmarks on th KVM irtual machins and comard thm with th othr hrisor rformanc. h bnchmark rsults showd that KVM rformanc is bttr than th Xn hrisors in man tsts. Although VMwar rform bttr in bnchmark rsults but th licnsing cost and ndor lock in maks it an unfaorabl choic for th ublic cloud roidrs. KVM has a grat futur ahad as it is now dlod as an ntrris class roduct which can b dlod in th larg ublic clouds VIII. ACKNOWLEDGEMEN W sincrl thanks to all th ol who hld hl us to writ this rsarch ar. W also lik to thank all th on sourc softwar dlor communitis bcaus of which w ar abl to us th softwar s usd in our xrimntal stu and conductd tsts REFERENCES [1] Ian Marriott, Will Cloud Srics Mak or Brak Your Offshor Proidr Gartnr documnts [2] Nskinc stud on cloud comuting, Nskinc whit ar 2012 [3] VMwar [4] h Eolution of Virtualization: Qumrant joins Rd Hat htt:// [5] On Virtualization Allianc htts://onirtualizationallianc.org/ [6] SE Linux Projct htt://slinuxrojct.org/ [7] KVM Sourc Cod htt://git.krnl.org/ub/scm/irt/km/km.git/ [8] Virtio Drirs htt:// [9] C Ra Ra tracing bnchmark htt:// [10] Aach HP srr bnchmarking tool htt://httd.aach.org/docs/currnt/rograms/ab.html [11] RAMsd Bnchmark htt:// [12] Jinho Hwang, Sai Zng and Frdrick Wu, imoth Wood A Comonnt-Basd Prformanc Comarison of Four Hrisors IEEE Publications. [13] 7 Zi st htt://onbnchmarking.org/tst/ts/comrss-7zi 59 Publishd B: Blu Es Intllignc Enginring & Scincs Publication Pt. Ltd.