Factor Structure and Convergent Validity of the Aggression Questionnaire in an Offender Population
|
|
- Richard Atkinson
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Psych uloj 1W6. Viil H, No. 1,.^K-40. n Psychological Association, In Factor Structure and Convergent Validity of the Aggression Questionnaire in an Offender Population Tamra Y. Williams, Jenine C. Boyd, ichele A. Cascardi, and Norman Poythress University of South Florida The study examined whether the 4-tactor structure of the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ: A. Buss. Perry, 1992). consisting of Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression. Hostility, and Anger, would replicate in an offender population. The AQ and Novaco's Anger Scale (NAS; R. Novaco, 1994) were administered to 200 adult offenders. The results of a confirmatory analysis suggested that the 4-factor model is a poor fit in an offender population. A 2-factor model was suggested: 1 factor combines Physical Aggression and Anger; the other combines Verbal Aggression and Hostility. Evidence of convergent validity of the 2-factor model was provided by high correlations between the AQ and the NAS. The construct of aggression has been shaped by several theoretical models. The frustration-aggression hypothesis (Dollard. Doob, iller, owrer, & Sears, 1939) was one of the first attempts to explain the etiology of aggression. The theory holds that people are likely to become aggressive when they are frustrated or when their goals become thwarted. Before this theory; aggression was believed to be instinctual, an inherent characteristic of human behavior. Other theories arc social learning theory (Bandura, 1973), which proposes that aggression is learned and perpetuated by a system of positive reinforcement throughout one's lifetime, and social cognitive theory, which stresses the importance of our perception and interpretation of environmental cues that determine whether or not we respond with aggression. In denning aggression, researchers have focused on the intent, the means of expression, and the affective factors that influence aggression. This focus has led to the partitioning of aggression into various forms such as physical, verbal, direct, indirect, impulsive, and consciously controlled. The Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI; Buss & Durkee, 1957) encompasses these theoretical components of aggression and has been the most frequently used measure of this trait. It has been shown to have predictive validity in a variety of clinical samples such as violent prisoners (Gunn & Gristwood, 1975), delinquent adolescents (Romney & Syverson. 1984). and maritally aggressive men (Barnett, Pagan, & Booker, 1991). Although the BDHI has been extensively used, it has recently been criticized by its developers and others on several grounds because of'its psychometric properties. The seven scales of the BDHI were developed a priori, and factor analysis of the scales yielded two factors: Aggressiveness and Hostility (Buss & Durkee, 1957). Subsequent factor ana- Famra Y. Williams and Jenine C. Boyd. Department of Psychology. University of South Florida; ichele A. Cascardi and Norman Poythress, Department of ental Health Law and Policy. University of South Florida. ichele A. Cascardi is now at Arbor, Incorporated. edia Pennsylvania. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Tamra Y. Williams. Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, BL'l 1 339, Tampa, Florida lytic studies yielded inconsistent results and unstable factors. When compared with the analysis conducted in the original study, most studies found two factors; however, each study reported different scale items loading on different factors (Bendig, 1962; Edmunds & Kcndrick, 1980). Buss and Perry (1992) attributed the inconsistent findings across analyses to the lack of established test-retest reliability and the true-false format of the BDHI. To redress these weaknesses, Buss and Perry (1992) developed a revised measure, the Aggression Questionnaire. Buss and Perry (1992) retained some of the BDHI's original items, whereas problematic items were modified or deleted, and new items were added for greater clarity and to reduce ambiguity. Other changes included a Likert-scale response format rather than the true-false format used in the original BDHI. A series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analytic studies, with more than 1,000 undergraduate students, yielded 29 items and a four-factor solution of the Aggression Questionnaire: Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression, Hostility, and Anger. Theoretically, physical and verbal aggression are viewed as different types of aggression, whereas hostility and anger are considered contributing factors to aggression. Evidence of discriminant and convergent validity of the Aggression Questionnaire was also demonstrated as the inventory correlated weakly with personality traits such as activity, sociability, public and private self-consciousness, and self-esteem and correlated strongly with the following characteristics: impulsiveness, emotionality, competitiveness, and assertiveness. These patterns of association would be expected, as those high on the aggressive personality would also be expected to be more competitive, assertive, and impulsive, and less sociable. As further evidence of convergent validity, undergraduate men rated by their peers as aggressive were more likely to score as more aggressive on the Aggression Questionnaire than were men rated as nonaggressive by their peers (Buss & Perry, 1992). Given that the AQ is a recently developed measure, additional studies arc needed to provide further evidence of reliability and validity. To date, we have located two published studies using the Aggression Questionnaire. Archer, Kilpatrick, and Bramwell (1995), using British undergraduate students, examined 398
2 AGGRESSION QUESTIONNAIRE IN AN OFFENDER POPULATION 399 the relationship between the Aggression Questionnaire and the Aggression Inventory (Gladue, 1991), a 20-item measure of aggression that assesses four aspects of aggression: physical, verbal, impulsive, and avoidance. The internal consistency indexes of the Aggression Questionnaire subscales were similar to the values reported in the original Buss and Perry (1992) study. Sex differences were found that were also comparable to those of Buss and Perry's sample. Archer et. al found that the Physical and Verbal subscales of the Aggression Inventory were highly correlated with the same subscales of the Aggression Questionnaire and that the Impulsive scale of the Aggression Inventory was correlated with the Anger subscale of the AQ. With regard to generalizability, these data suggest that the Aggression Questionnaire is applicable to undergraduate samples outside of the United States. It also provides further evidence of convergent validity by demonstrating an association between the AQ and another scale that measures similar constructs. In another study, Archer, Holloway, and cloughlin (1995) investigated the relationship between aggressiveness, fighting, and masculinity in two British samples: (a) undergraduate students and (b) unemployed men under 35 years of age. Participants who had experienced a fight during the past 5 years scored higher on the Physical Aggression and Anger subscales of the Aggression Questionnaire compared with participants who had not engaged in fighting within the past 5 years. There was a weaker association between history of fighting and the Anger subscale. There was no significant relationship found between the Hostility subscale and history of fighting. Overall the unemployed men scored higher on the Anger subscale compared with the undergraduate students. Analyses revealed that the intercorrelations between the subscales were higher in the sample of unemployed men than the values reported by Buss and Perry for college students (1992). The intercorrelations between the subscales in the student population were similar to intercorrelations obtained in the U.S. undergraduate sample. Thus the Aggression Questionnaire may also be applicable to nonstudent men under the age of 35. The Aggression Questionnaire may have significant utility in clinical research and in predicting and assessing violence in criminal populations. However, before the Aggression Questionnaire can be used with clinical populations, it requires further psychometric testing because it was developed and validated only with a college sample. In this study, the primary aim was to investigate whether the factor structure and convergent validity of the Aggression Questionnaire would replicate when used in an adult offender sample consisting of men and women. The factor structure was expected to remain the same for the offender population, particularly with regard to violent offenders. (The characteristics of this type of population relate to the physical and verbal aggression components of the AQ. Several longitudinal studies have also shown aggression to be a stable characteristic among violent offenders (Olweus, 1979). Eron and Huesmann (1990) gathered data from a 22-year longitudinal study that showed the stability of aggression over several generations.) If the four-factor structure were not confirmed, an exploratory factor analysis would be conducted to investigate the optimal structure for this data set. It was anticipated that the Aggression Questionnaire would correlate positively with another measure of anger and aggression. We also expected that offenders with current violent or aggressive crime charges would have higher total and subscale Aggression Questionnaire scores than those charged with nonviolent or nonaggressive crimes. Participants ethod (N - 200) were recruited from a county jail in Florida over a period of 11 months. The Public Defender's office provided official lists of offenders who had been charged with crimes and were awaiting trial in the county jail system. The lists were updated weekly and provided for the entire duration of the study. Participants were randomly chosen from this list of offenders and were recruited to participate on a voluntary basis. All potential study participants were represented by the Public Defender's office. Permission was obtained from the Public Defender's office to recruit their clients as participants in the study. The sample was composed of Caucasian (40%), African American (49.5%), and Hispanic adult offenders (8%); 2.5% of the sample were classified as "other." Of the 200 participants, 76 (38%) were female, and 124 (62%} were male. Participants ranged in age from 17 to 69, with a mean age of 30 (SD ~ 9.20). Twenty-two percent of the sample had no high school education, whereas 38% had some high school, and 23.5% had completed high school or obtained a general equivalency diploma (GED). Seven offenders refused participation in the study, and 8 asked to have questionnaires read to them because of reading difficulties. In terms of the type of crimes committed, 112 (56%) had been charged with felonies, 78 (39%) had been charged with misdemeanors, and 8 (4%) with violation of parole. Procedure Research participants were recruited individually by a research assistant at the county jail. A researcher met with individual participants in a private visiting room in the jail to administer the survey packets. Participants were informed that they were being asked to participate in a research study on aggression and were advised that participation was voluntary: no payment would be offered for their involvement in the study. Participants were also told that they could discontinue or withdraw from the study at any time. The questionnaires were administered after a participant had signed written informed consent and was made aware that all identifying information would be kept confidential. The researcher remained on site to answer any questions and read questionnaire items if participants had difficulty reading the items and requested assistance. easures The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), The AQ (Buss & Perry, 1992) is a 29-item self-report instrument. Items are rated on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (extremely uncharacteristic of me) to 5 (extremely characteristic of me). The Physical Aggression factor consists of 9 items (e.g., "Once in a while I can't control the urge to strike another person."); Verbal Aggression consists of 5 items (e.g., "When people annoy me, I may tell them what I think of them."); Anger has 7 items (e.g., "Sometimes I fly off the handle for no good reason."); and the Hostility subscale contains 8 items (e.g., "I am sometimes eaten up with jealousy."). Buss and Perry reported adequate lesl-retesl reliability over a 9-week interval, ranging from.72 to.80 for the total scale score and each subscale. The internal consistency of the four factors and the total score were reported as follows: Physical Aggression,.85; Verbal Aggression,.72; Anger,.83; Hostility,.77; and total score,.89. N<»acn\ Anger Scale (NAS). The NAS (Novaco. 1994) is a two-
3 400 WILLIAS, BOYD. CASCARDI, AND POYTHRESS part self-report measure that assesses three major domains of anger: cognitive, arousal, and behavioral. Part A includes 48 items regarding how people may experience anger (e.g., "I can't sleep when T have been done wrong."}. Participants select from among three response choices (never true, sometimes true, and always true). Part B contains 25 items describing situations lhat may potentially arouse anger (e.g.. "Being overcharged by someone for a repair"). Participants indicate the amount of anger they would feel in such situations from < 1) not at all to (4) very angry. Tesl-retest reliability, internal consistency, and concurrent and predictive validity for the scale are acceptable (Novaco, 1994). Nature of charge. Each defendant's current pending charge was provided by the Public Defender's office; the defendants were not asked about the nature of their charge. A total of 65 different criminal charges were classified as either aggressive (e.g.. aggravated assault) or nonaggressive (e.g., prostitution, driving without a valid driver's license) by two independent coders. Three discrepancies in categorization were resolved by discussion and consensus; 18% (156) of the 200 oh'enders were charged with crimes classified as nonaggressive crimes, and 22% (44) were charged with crimes lhat were classified as aggressive, Analysis A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine the adequacy of fit of the four-factor model using structural equation modeling with a structural equation program for data analysis (Benller, 1989). This technique solves a series of hypothesized regression equations to generate an estimated covariance matrix. This estimated matrix is then compared with the observed sample covariance matrix to determine whether the model fits the data. Each item was constrained to load on onk one factor, using the factor analysis results from Buss and Perry ( 1992) specifying which items loaded on each factor. Indexes used to determine goodness of fit included chi-square values, Bentler-Uonnett normed fit index (NF1), comparative fit index (CF1), and the chisquare/j/ ratio. Because of the effects of a large sample sue on the chisquare value, Buss and Perry reported the fit ratio, whereby the chisquare value is divided by the degrees of freedom. Ratios below 2.0 suggest a reasonable fit. For comparative and normed fit indexes, values above.90 are indicative of an acceptable model. The internal consistency of the four factors and the total score were evaluated by the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Norms and Sex Differences Results When compared with the mean scores for the college sample in the Buss and Perry study, the scores for the adult offender sample were very similar. Table 1 shows the mean and standard deviations for the adult offender population and the Buss and Perry (1992) college student sample. Compared with female offenders, male offenders had significantly higher scores on Physical Aggression, / *( ) = 8.67, p <.05. There were no significant gender differences in the total score or on any other subscale. Confirmatory Factor Analysis A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine the adequacy of fit of the four-factor model. All items were allowed to load freely within their respective factors but were not allowed to load on other factors. The goodness of lit for this model is presented in Table 2. Standard indexes used to test goodness of lit imply that the four factor model is a poor fit: Table 1 eans and Standard Deviations for the Four-Factor Aggression Questionnaire Scale Physical Verbal Anger Hostility Total score Adull offenders en (n - 124) SD Women (n = 76) Note. The data for college students are from Buss and Perrv (1992), SI) however, the less conventional chi-square ratio suggested a marginal fit. The internal consistency of the four factors and the total score was evaluated by the alpha coefficient. The alpha for the total score was.92. indicating good internal consistency. The alphas for the total score and the Hostility index were slightly higher than what Buss and Perry (1992) had obtained, but the alphas for the other three subscales, especially Verbal Aggression, were slightly lower. As in Buss and Perry (1992). a one-factor solution was also considered. Indexes of fit suggested that, as in Buss and Perry, a one-factor solution was not a good fit, x 2 /df= NF1 -, CFI =.79. Exploratory Factor Analysis Although the four-factor structure was replicated, the conventional fit indexes suggested that this four-factor structure does not constitute a good fit for adult offenders. As a result of the overall poor fit, an exploratory factor analysis was conducted to investigate an alternate structure for this data set. Buss and Perry (1992) subjected the correlation matrix of the initial 52 aggression items to principal-axis factoring and oblimin rotation. Items were written for six a priori factors of aggression; however, four factors proved to be the mosl interpretable. Criteria for item selection specified that an item had to load at least.35 on its own factor and less than.35 on other factors. Using these criteria, 29 items were selected. The correlation matrix of the aggression items was subjected to principal-axis factoring and oblimin rotation, as in Buss and Perry (1992, p. 453). Examination of the antiimage correlation matrix, which is a lest of sampling adequacy, showed that three items were problematic. Generally, values greater than.60 on this test are acceptable, with values greater than.80 and.90 considered excellent. All but three items in the AQ obtained
4 AGGRESSION QUESTIONNAIRE IK AN OFFENDER POPULATION 401 Table 2 Comparison of Cronbach's Alpha and Fit Indexes for the Four- Factor odel of the Aggression Questionnaire easure Fit index Chi square (<#'= 371) Chi square/ dl ratio Normed fit index Comparative fit index Cronbach's alpha Physical Aggression Verbal Aggression Hostility Anger Tolal Note. This study Dashes indicate (hat data were not reported. Buss & Perry (1992) values greater than.80, with most falling above.90. The exceptions included the following three items: "I tell my friends openly when I disagree with them," "I am an even-tempered person," and "I can think of no good reason for ever hitting a person." These items had the lowest corrected item-total correlations (r =.16,.02, and.06, respectively), suggesting that they did not share sufficient variance with other items to be included in the exploratory factor analysis. Two rotated factors proved to be the most interpretable: Physical Aggression/Anger and Verbal Aggression/Hostility. Factor 1 consisted of 14 items and Factor 2 consisted of 12 items. The eigenvalues of the two factors were 9.45, and 1.03, and the percentages of variance explained by the factors were 36.4% and 4.0%, respectively. Factor loadings are presented in Table 3. The factor matrix indicated that the two factors correlated.69 with each other. Physical Aggression/Anger and Verbal Aggression/Hostility were highly correlated with the total score, r =.94 and.89, respectively. Type of Criminal Charge and Sex Differences Using the items and factors suggested by our exploratory factor analysis, we compared participants' scores on the basis of sex of participant and coded degree of aggression forthe current charge. The means and standard deviations are shown in Table 4. An analysis of variance was performed to explore gender differences. Results of the analysis showed no significant gender differences in AQ total scores or for the Verbal Aggression/Hostility factor. ale offenders scored significantly higher than female offenders in Physical Aggression/Anger, F( 1,198) = 4.23, p<.05. There were no significant differences in AQ scores between offenders with criminal charges coded as aggressive charges and those with criminal charges coded as nonaggressive, F( 1, 198) =.5315, p <.05. The correlation between the aggression code of criminal charges and the AQ scnre was very weak (r =.05). Results are presented in Table 4. Relationship to Other Traits The correlations between the two-factor AQ (total score and subscales) and the Novaco Anger scale (total score and subscales) are shown in Table 5. A Bonferroni correction was applied to control the familywise error rate, (a =.003). The correlation between the total score for the AQ and the NAS was.79, providing further evidence for the convergent validity of the AQ. The pattern of results indicate that in general the AQ Physical Aggression/Anger subscale tended to correlate higher with the Behavioral domain of the NAS and its respective subscales. The Verbal Aggression/Hostility factor of the AQ tended to correlate highest with the Cognitive domain of the NAS and its subscales. Both factors correlated similarly with the Arousal domain. Hotelling's T tests for dependent samples were performed on each pair of correlations to determine whether there were significant differences in the correlations between the NAS subscales and each AQ factor. The correlations were significantly higher between Physical Aggression/Anger and the Behavioral domain (/ = 3.83, p<.003) Impulsive Reaction (/ = 4.44, p <.003) and Physical Confrontation (/ = 3.70, p <.003) than the correlations between Verbal Aggression/Hostility and these NAS subscales. Although not significantly different, Physical Aggression / Anger correlated higher with the other two components of the NAS Behavioral domain: Verbal Aggression and Indirect Expression. The Verbal Aggression/Hostility factor of the AQ correlated highest with the NAS Cognitive domain (r =.70), although this correlation was not significantly different from the correlation between Physical Aggression/Anger and the Cognitive domain (r =.62). The correlations were significantly higher between Verbal Aggression/Hostility and Attentional Focus (( = 3.42, p <.003) and Suspicion (/ = 4.02, p <.003) than between Physical Aggression/Anger and these NAS Cognitive domain subscales. Discussion The results of this study indicate that a four-faclor structure of aggression consisting of Physical Aggression, Verbal Aggression. Hostility; and Anger may not be generalizable to an offender population. Although the four-factor structure advanced by Buss and Perry (19921 was replicated when the chisquarc/rff ratio was used, more conventional indexes of goodness of til indicated that the fit for the four-factor model was poor. Results of the exploratory factor analysis suggested that a more appropriate fit is a two-factor structure: one factor consisting of Physical Aggression and Anger, the other of Verbal Aggression and Hostility. These results also suggest that in an offender population, those who are high in hostility may be more likely to be verbally aggressive, whereas those high in anger may be more likely to be physically aggressive. This twofactor structure is consistent with aggression theory that divides the construct of aggression into two components (i.e., physical vs. verbal, direct vs. indirect, impulsive vs. consciously controlled). Other researchers have reported two factors for the Hostility Inventory; however, in most cases verbal and physical aggression were combined into one factor and the other factor was generally Hostility, consisting of resentment, suspicion, irritability, or some combination of these (Bendig. 1962; Buss & Durkee. 1957; Edmunds & Kendrick, 1980). Further support for the two-factor model of aggression was provided by the pat-
5 402 WILLIAS. BOYD, CASCARDI, AND POYTHRESS Table 3 Factor Loadings/or Two-Factor Aggression Questionnaire Factor Factor loading Physical Aggression/Anger 1. Once in a while I can't control the urge to strike another person. 2. I sometimes feel like a powder keg ready to explode. 3. If somebody hits me, I hit back. 4. Some of my friends think I'm a hothead. 5. I get into fights a little more than the average person. 6. If I have to resort to violence to protect my rights, I will. 7. Sometimes I fly oftthc handle for no good reason. 8. There are people who have pushed me so far that we came to blows. 9. I have threatened people I know. 10. I have trouble controlling my temper, 11. I flare up quickly but get over it quickly. 12. When frustrated, 1 let my irritation show. 13. Given enough provocation, I may hit another person. 14. I have become so mad that I have broken things. Verhal Aggression/Hostility 1. I wonder why sometimes I feel so bitter about things. 2. When people annoy me. I may tell them what I think of them. 3. I know that "friends" talk about me behind my back. 4. I am suspicious of overly friendly strangers. 5. I can't help getting into arguments when people disagree with me. 6. y friends say that I'm somewhat argumentative. 7. When people are especially nice, I wonder what they want. 8. I am sometimes eaten up with jealousy. 9. At times 1 feel I have gotten a raw deal out of life. 10. Other people always seem to get the breaks. 11. I sometimes feel that people are laughing at me behind my back. 12. I often find myself disagreeing with people. tern of correlations between the AQ and the subscales of the NAS. Physical Aggression/Anger was most closely related to the Behavioral domain of the NAS and its respective components, whereas Verbal Aggression/Hostility was more associated with the Cognitive domain. In terms of the AQ norms for this population, it is of particular note that the mean aggression scores for the offender population were very similar to the scores of the college sample used by Buss and Perry (1992). It was expected that the norms would differ; specifically, that the mean AQ scores for the offender population would be higher. This finding may reflect the relatively small percentage of offenders with charges coded as aggressive (22%) compared with those with charges coded as nonaggressive (75%). It is possible that the lower AQ scores may have been a function of the legal status of the sample used in the study. The accused offenders awaiting trial may have been ! motivated to present a positive image prior to sentencing and been reluctant to admit to certain aggressive behaviors. Thus, lower scores may also reflect tendencies of some of the participants to respond in a socially desirable manner. Contrary to predictions, offenders with aggressive crime charges did not have significantly higher AQ scores than offenders charged with crimes classified as nonaggressive. However, the lack of significant differences between the offenders classified as aggressive and nonaggressive may reflect the fact thai one criminal charge does not adequately represent an offender's criminal history or pattern of aggressive behavior. Those offenders classified as nonaggressive for the purposes of this study may have had a criminal history of violence. Furthermore, the current charge filed, on which aggressive and nonaggressive codes were based, does not always reflect the final charge after trial. Charges may be changed because of plea bar- Table 4 ean Aggression Questionnaire Score by Gender and Type of Criminal Charge en(«- 124) Women (n ~" 76) Aggressive Nonaggressive Aggressive Nonaggressive Factor w SO SD sr> SD Physical Aggression/Anger Verbal Aggression/Hostility Total score
6 AGGRESSION QUESTIONNAIRE IN AN OFFENDER POPULATION 403 Table 5 Correlations Between the Two-Factor Aggression Questionnaire and the Novaco Anger Scale (NAS) NAS subscales Cognitive domain Attentional Focus Rumination Hostile Attitude Suspicion Arousal domain Intensity Duration Tension Irritability Behavioral domain Impulsive Reaction Verbal Aggression Physical Confrontation Indirect Expression Total score Note. *p<.003. Physical Aggression/ Anger.62.37* * *.76*.59.73*.73 Verbal Aggression/ Hostility Total score gaining, and others charges will not be proven. In this study, a history of criminal behavior for each offender could not be obtained. A criminal history, in combination with behavioral observations and reports of current jail behavior, would have provided a more accurate depiction of patterns of aggressive behaviors and the types of crimes committed {violent vs. nonviolent) by each offender. The results of this study have several implications for risk assessment. As mentioned previously, the BDHI has been shown to have predictive validity with violent prisoners, and the Aggression Questionnaire will also play a significant role in risk assessment and clinical research. The factor analytic findings and strong correlations with the cognitive and behavioral components of the Novaco Anger Scale raise interesting questions about the underlying components of aggression in offender populations. The results also suggest that in an offender population, anger is closely associated with physical aggression, and hostility with verbal aggression. This pattern of association is consistent with research showing anger to be an important risk factor for violence. The Aggression Questionnaire may also prove useful in evaluating the clinical treatment of aggression in offenders and guide therapeutic interventions by allowing clinicians to assess the relevant domains of aggression for each offender. Although the results of this study support a two-factor structure of aggression for an offender population, the high internal.79 consistency of the AQ total score and the high intercorrelations of the AQ factors have implications for a unidimensional construct of aggression. Given the foregoing limitations and the potential utility of the AQ, further studies will be necessary to replicate this two-factor structure for offender populations and to explore its relation to aggressive behaviors using various assessment modalities such as self-reports and criminal records. References Archer, J., Holloway. R., & cloughlin, K. (1995). Self-reported physical aggression among young men. Aggressive Behavior, 21, Archer, J., KJIpatrick, G., & Bramwell, R. (1995). Comparison of two aggression inventories. Aggressive Behavior, 21, Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression.A social learning analysis. Englcwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Barnett, O. W., Fagan, R. W., & Booker, J.. (1991). Hostility and stress as mediators of aggression in violent men. Journal of Family Violence.6(3),2\l-24\. Bendig, A. W. (1962). Factor analytic scales of covert and overt hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 26, 200. Bentler, P.. (1989). EQS structural equations program manual. Los Angeles: BDP Statistical Software. Buss, A. H..& Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, Buss, A. H., & Perry,. (1992). The Aggression Questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, Dollard, J., Doob, L. W., iller, N. E.. owrer, O. H., & Sears, R. R. (1939). Frustration and aggression. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Edmunds, G., & Kendrick, D. C. (1980). The measurement of human aggressiveness. New York: Wiley. Eron, L. D., & Huesmann, L. R. (1990). The stability of aggressive behavior even unto the third generation. In. Lewis & S.. iller (Eds.), Handbook of developmental psychopaihology Perspectives in developmental psychology(pp ). New York: Plenum Press. Gladue. B. A. (1991). Aggressive behavioral characteristics, hormones, and sexual orientation in men and women. Aggressive Behavior, 17, Gunn, J.. & Gristwood, J. (1975). Use of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory among British prisoners. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 43, 590. Novaco, R. W. (1994). Anger as a risk factor for violence among the mentally disordered. In J. onahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment (pp ). Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Olweus, D. (1979). Stability of aggressive reaction patterns in males: A review. Psychological Bulletin, 86, Romney, D.., & Syverson, K. L. (1984). An attempt to identify the personality dimensions of the violent offender. Social Behavior and Personality, 12, Received February 26, 1996 Revision received June 19, 1996 Accepted June 19, 1996
User Manual for the COPING STRATEGIES INVENTORY
User Manual for the COPING STRATEGIES INVENTORY David L. Tobin 1984, 2001 2 Scale Format The Coping Strategies Inventory is a 72-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess coping thoughts and behaviors
More informationRunning head: SAMPLE FOR STUDENTS 1. Sample APA Paper for Students Interested in Learning APA Style 6th Edition. Jeffrey H. Kahn
Running head: SAMPLE FOR STUDENTS 1 Sample APA Paper for Students Interested in Learning APA Style 6th Edition Jeffrey H. Kahn Illinois State University Author Note Jeffrey H. Kahn, Department of Psychology,
More informationIMPACT OF CORE SELF EVALUATION (CSE) ON JOB SATISFACTION IN EDUCATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Yasir IQBAL University of the Punjab Pakistan
IMPACT OF CORE SELF EVALUATION (CSE) ON JOB SATISFACTION IN EDUCATION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN Yasir IQBAL University of the Punjab Pakistan ABSTRACT The focus of this research is to determine the impact of
More informationTime Management Does Not Matter For Academic Achievement Unless You Can Cope
DOI: 10.7763/IPEDR. 2014. V 78. 5 Time Management Does Not Matter For Academic Achievement Unless You Can Cope Azura Hamdan 1, Rohany Nasir 1, Rozainee Khairudin 1 and Wan Sharazad Wan Sulaiman 1 1 National
More informationThe Normative Beliefs about Aggression Scale [NOBAGS] (Oct 1998/Oct 2011)
1 The Normative Beliefs about Aggression Scale [NOBAGS] (Oct 1998/Oct 2011) Copyright 1989 by L.R. Huesmann, N.G. Guerra, L. Miller & A. Zelli University of Illinois at Chicago For information please contact:
More informationA Study of the Relationship between Violent Video Game Playing and Aggression among Adolescents in the Klang Valley, Malaysia
2011 International Conference on Humanities, Society and Culture IPEDR Vol.20 (2011) (2011) IACSIT Press, Singapore A Study of the Relationship between Violent Video Game Playing and Aggression among Adolescents
More informationThe Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs (IMFNP)
The Inventory of Male Friendliness in Nursing Programs (IMFNP) Background At the 2001 annual conference of the American Assembly for Men in Nursing (AAMN), a nursing student discussed his educational experiences
More informationFactorial Invariance in Student Ratings of Instruction
Factorial Invariance in Student Ratings of Instruction Isaac I. Bejar Educational Testing Service Kenneth O. Doyle University of Minnesota The factorial invariance of student ratings of instruction across
More informationCOMPARISONS OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY: PUBLIC & PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES.
277 CHAPTER VI COMPARISONS OF CUSTOMER LOYALTY: PUBLIC & PRIVATE INSURANCE COMPANIES. This chapter contains a full discussion of customer loyalty comparisons between private and public insurance companies
More informationAn Examination of the Association Between Parental Abuse History and Subsequent Parent-Child Relationships
An Examination of the Association Between Parental Abuse History and Subsequent Parent-Child Relationships Genelle K. Sawyer, Andrea R. Di Loreto, Mary Fran Flood, David DiLillo, and David J. Hansen, University
More informationINTERNAL MARKETING ESTABLISHES A CULTURE OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION
INTERNAL MARKETING ESTABLISHES A CULTURE OF LEARNING ORGANIZATION Yafang Tsai, Department of Health Policy and Management, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taiwan, (886)-4-24730022 ext.12127, avon611@gmail.com
More informationTEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR STUDENTS LEARNING STYLES
SOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY, 2011, 39(8), 1097-1104 Society for Personality Research http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.8.1097 TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS FOR STUDENTS LEARNING STYLES PAICHI PAT SHEIN
More informationHow To Determine If Binge Eating Disorder And Bulimia Nervosa Are Distinct From Aorexia Nervosa
Three Studies on the Factorial Distinctiveness of Binge Eating and Bulimic Symptoms Among Nonclinical Men and Women Thomas E. Joiner, Jr., 1 * Kathleen D. Vohs, 2 and Todd F. Heatherton 2 1 Department
More information8 th European Conference on Psychological Assessment
8 th European Conference on Psychological Assessment 31. August 4. September 2005. Budapest, Hungary S D D Depression Scale for Children and Adolescents: evaluation of psychometric properties Anita Vulić-Prtorić,
More informationScores, 7: Immediate Recall, Delayed Recall, Yield 1, Yield 2, Shift, Total Suggestibility, Confabulation.
Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scales. Purpose: "Developed in order to measure objectively the vulnerability or proneness of people [to suggestive influence and/or] to give erroneous accounts when interviewed,"
More informationEffectiveness of Performance Appraisal: Its Outcomes and Detriments in Pakistani Organizations
Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal: Its Outcomes and Detriments in Pakistani Organizations Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan E-mail:
More informationFactor Analysis. Principal components factor analysis. Use of extracted factors in multivariate dependency models
Factor Analysis Principal components factor analysis Use of extracted factors in multivariate dependency models 2 KEY CONCEPTS ***** Factor Analysis Interdependency technique Assumptions of factor analysis
More informationGeneral Symptom Measures
General Symptom Measures SCL-90-R, BSI, MMSE, CBCL, & BASC-2 Symptom Checklist 90 - Revised SCL-90-R 90 item, single page, self-administered questionnaire. Can usually be completed in 10-15 minutes Intended
More informationFourth Judicial District of Minnesota Pretrial Evaluation: Scale Validation Study
Fourth Judicial District of Minnesota Pretrial Evaluation: Scale Validation Study Fourth Judicial District Research Division Marcy R. Podkopacz, Ph.D., Research Director October, 2006 www.mncourts.gov/district/4
More informationEXAMINING HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS ACCEPTANCE OF ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS USING UTAUT
EXAMINING HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS ACCEPTANCE OF ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS USING UTAUT Matthew J. Wills, Dakota State University Omar F. El-Gayar, Dakota State University Dorine Bennett, Dakota State
More informationThe relationship among alcohol use, related problems, and symptoms of psychological distress: Gender as a moderator in a college sample
Addictive Behaviors 29 (2004) 843 848 The relationship among alcohol use, related problems, and symptoms of psychological distress: Gender as a moderator in a college sample Irene Markman Geisner*, Mary
More informationSUBSTANCE ABUSE QUESTIONNAIRE SHORT FORM (SAQ-Short Form)
SUBSTANCE ABUSE QUESTIONNAIRE SHORT FORM (SAQ-Short Form) www.online-testing.com Scale Description Scale Interpretation Test Features SAQ-Short Form The Substance Abuse Questionnaire (SAQ-Short Form) Short
More informationCriminal Justice Professionals Attitudes Towards Offenders: Assessing the Link between Global Orientations and Specific Attributions
Criminal Justice Professionals Attitudes Towards s: Assessing the Link between Global Orientations and Specific Attributions Prepared by: Dale Willits, M.A. Lisa Broidy, Ph.D. Christopher Lyons, Ph.D.
More informationGender Stereotypes Associated with Altruistic Acts
Gender Stereotypes Associated 1 Gender Stereotypes Associated with Altruistic Acts Lacey D. Seefeldt Undergraduate Student, Psychology Keywords: Altruism, Gender Stereotypes, Vignette Abstract Possible
More informationOverview of Factor Analysis
Overview of Factor Analysis Jamie DeCoster Department of Psychology University of Alabama 348 Gordon Palmer Hall Box 870348 Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348 Phone: (205) 348-4431 Fax: (205) 348-8648 August 1,
More informationUsing a Mental Measurements Yearbook Review to Evaluate a Test
Using a Mental Measurements Yearbook Review to Evaluate a Test Anthony J. Nitko Professor Emeritus of Psychology in Education, University of Pittsburgh Adjunct Professor of Educational Psychology, University
More informationOnline Knowledge Sharing and Psychological Well-Being among Chinese College Students
Chapter 10 Online Knowledge Sharing and Psychological Well-Being among Chinese College Students Will W. K. Ma and Chi Keung Chan Abstract: This survey study examines the relationship of online knowledge
More informationMeasurement & Data Analysis. On the importance of math & measurement. Steps Involved in Doing Scientific Research. Measurement
Measurement & Data Analysis Overview of Measurement. Variability & Measurement Error.. Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics. Descriptive Statistics. Distributions. Standardized Scores. Graphing Data.
More informationA PHILANTHROPIC PARTNERSHIP FOR BLACK COMMUNITIES. Criminal Justice BLACK FACTS
A PHILANTHROPIC PARTNERSHIP FOR BLACK COMMUNITIES Criminal Justice BLACK FACTS Criminal Justice: UnEqual Opportunity BLACK MEN HAVE AN INCARCERATION RATE NEARLY 7 TIMES HIGHER THAN THEIR WHITE MALE COUNTERPARTS.
More informationThe Chicago Quality Interaction Training Program: A Randomized Control Trial of Police Innovation. Amie M. Schuck and Dennis P.
The Chicago Quality Interaction Training Program: A Randomized Control Trial of Police Innovation Amie M. Schuck and Dennis P. Rosenbaum Purpose The National Police Research Platform is funded by the National
More informationUsing Personality to Predict Outbound Call Center Job Performance
Applied H.R.M. Research, 2005, Volume 10, Number 2, pages 89-98 Using Personality to Predict Outbound Call Center Job Performance Pamela Skyrme Skyrme & Associates, Inc. Lisa Wilkinson University of South
More informationIs Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) a Precise Tool for Iranian Adult Athletes?
Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 22 (8): 1219-1227, 2014 ISSN 1990-9233 IDOSI Publications, 2014 DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.22.08.22030 Is Test of Performance Strategies (TOPS) a Precise Tool
More informationCurrent Problems and Resolutions. The Relative Effects of Competence and Likability on Interpersonal Attraction
The Journal of Social Psychology, 2008, 148(2), 253 255 Copyright 2008 Heldref Publications Current Problems and Resolutions Under this heading are brief reports of studies that increase our understanding
More informationHarrison, P.L., & Oakland, T. (2003), Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Second Edition, San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 2004, 22, 367-373 TEST REVIEW Harrison, P.L., & Oakland, T. (2003), Adaptive Behavior Assessment System Second Edition, San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
More informationPsychological Correlates of Substance Abuse among First-admission. Patients with Substance Use Disorders
The International Journal of Indian Psychology ISSN 2348-5396 (e) ISSN: 2349-3429 (p) Volume 3, Issue 1, DIP: C00226V3I12015 http://www.ijip.in October December, 2015 Psychological Correlates of Substance
More informationAdditional sources Compilation of sources: http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/tseportal/datacollectionmethodologies/jin-tselink/tselink.htm
Mgt 540 Research Methods Data Analysis 1 Additional sources Compilation of sources: http://lrs.ed.uiuc.edu/tseportal/datacollectionmethodologies/jin-tselink/tselink.htm http://web.utk.edu/~dap/random/order/start.htm
More informationSTATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK College at Cortland Department of Psychology
STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK College at Cortland Department of Psychology Course Instructor Adolescent Psychology (PSY 232) Dr. Michael D. Berzonsky E-Mail: Michael.Berzonsky@cortland.edu Office: G-22
More informationORIGINAL ATTACHMENT THREE-CATEGORY MEASURE
ORIGINAL ATTACHMENT THREE-CATEGORY MEASURE Reference: Hazan, C., & Shaver, P. R. (1987). Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 511-524.
More informationCHAPTER 5: CONSUMERS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ONLINE MARKETING OF INDIAN RAILWAYS
CHAPTER 5: CONSUMERS ATTITUDE TOWARDS ONLINE MARKETING OF INDIAN RAILWAYS 5.1 Introduction This chapter presents the findings of research objectives dealing, with consumers attitude towards online marketing
More informationInfluence of Gender and Age in Aggressive Dream Content of Spanish Children and Adolescents
Influence of Gender and Age in Aggressive Dream Content of Spanish Children and Adolescents Ursula Oberst, Cristian Charles, and Ander Chamarro Ramon Llull University This study investigated the aggressive
More informationEDUCATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 1. Education and Law Enforcement: Final Version of Research Proposal. Ralphie Manzano
EDUCATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 1 Education and Law Enforcement: Final Version of Research Proposal Ralphie Manzano University of South Florida, Sarasota-Manatee EDUCATION AND LAW ENFORCEMENT 2 Abstract
More informationFactor analysis and Concurrent Validity of a University Counseling Center Presenting Problems Checklist
A RESEARCH REPORT OF THE RESEARCH CONSORTIUM OF COUNSELING & PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES IN HIGHER EDUCATION Factor analysis and Concurrent Validity of a University Counseling Center Presenting Problems Checklist
More informationHolyoake DRUMBEAT Program Evaluation
Holyoake DRUMBEAT Program Evaluation Interim evaluation Report 11 April 2013 Chief Investigators: Dr Lisa Wood, Dr Karen Martin, UWA Background DRUMBEAT (Discovering Relationships Using Music -Beliefs,
More informationWorld Scientific News
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com World Scientific News 3 (2014) 1-11 EISSN 2392-2192 The Relationship between Internet Addiction and Social Support and Hopefulness (Case Study: Qom Azad
More informationPrincipals Use of Computer Technology
Principals Use of Computer Technology 85 Lantry L. Brockmeier James L. Pate Don Leech Abstract: The Principal s Computer Technology Survey, a 40-item instrument, was employed to collect data on Georgia
More informationTechnological Attitude and Academic Achievement of Physics Students in Secondary Schools (Pp. 150-157)
An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 4 (3a) July, 2010 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) Technological Attitude and Academic Achievement of Physics Students in Secondary
More informationThe Pathology of In-service Training Courses of Dezful's Elementary Schools Teachers Based on the CIPP Model
International Journal On New Trends In Education And Literature Vol 1, No 7, March 2015 http://www.ijnteljournal.com The Pathology of In-service Training Courses of Dezful's Elementary Efat zaresenjary
More informationExamining the Savings Habits of Individuals with Present-Fatalistic Time Perspectives using the Theory of Planned Behavior
Examining the Savings Habits of Individuals with Present-Fatalistic Time Perspectives using the Theory of Planned Behavior Robert H. Rodermund April 3, 2012 Lindenwood University 209 S. Kingshighway, Harmon
More informationMinnesota Co-occurring Mental Health & Substance Disorders Competencies:
Minnesota Co-occurring Mental Health & Substance Disorders Competencies: This document was developed by the Minnesota Department of Human Services over the course of a series of public input meetings held
More informationPYSCHOPATHY AND ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER. Lisann Nolte & Justine Paeschen
PYSCHOPATHY AND ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER Lisann Nolte & Justine Paeschen PSYCHOPATHY THE PSYCHOPATH TEST http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e_va2tl6czwth E PSYCHOPATH TEST - are you a psychopath? PSYCHOPATHY
More informationValidation of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale research instrument in the conditions of Slovak Republic
Validation of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale research instrument in the conditions of Slovak Republic Lenka Selecká, Jana Holienková Faculty of Arts, Department of psychology University of SS. Cyril and
More informationMotivators for Obtaining Advanced Degrees in Today s Society. Caroline Mulhall and Cassandra Rehmel. Hanover College
Motivators for Obtaining Advanced Degrees in Today s Society Caroline Mulhall and Cassandra Rehmel Hanover College 2 Abstract 2 Graduate school involves a significant commitment of time and money and often
More informationQuestionnaire: Domestic (Gender and Family) Violence Interventions
Questionnaire: Domestic (Gender and Family) Violence Interventions STRENGTHENING TRANSNATIONAL APPROACHES TO REDUCING REOFFENDING (STARR) On behalf of The Institute of Criminology STRENGTHENING TRANSNATIONAL
More informationDowntown Emergency Service Center s Vulnerability Assessment Tool for Individuals Coping with Chronic Homelessness:
Downtown Emergency Service Center s Vulnerability Assessment Tool for Individuals Coping with Chronic Homelessness: A Psychometric Analysis March 15, 2010 Report of Pilot Testing Prepared by Joshua Aaron
More informationMultivariate Analysis of Variance. The general purpose of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is to determine
2 - Manova 4.3.05 25 Multivariate Analysis of Variance What Multivariate Analysis of Variance is The general purpose of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is to determine whether multiple levels
More informationEvidence Summary for Treatment Foster Care Oregon (formerly Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care, or MTFC)
Top Tier Evidence Initiative: Evidence Summary for Treatment Foster Care Oregon (formerly Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care, or MTFC) HIGHLIGHTS: Intervention: A foster care program for severely delinquent
More informationASC 076 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL AND CRIMINAL PSYCHOLOGY
DIPLOMA IN CRIME MANAGEMENT AND PREVENTION COURSES DESCRIPTION ASC 075 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY AND ANTHROPOLOGY Defining Sociology and Anthropology, Emergence of Sociology, subject matter and subdisciplines.
More informationI N F O R M A T I O N B U L L E T I N. Considerations for Sexual Assault Coordination
I N F O R M A T I O N B U L L E T I N Considerations for Sexual Assault Coordination This information bulletin is based on the information available at April 4, 2002. In addition to the sources cited,
More informationThe Influence of Stressful Life Events of College Students on Subjective Well-Being: The Mediation Effect of the Operational Effectiveness
Open Journal of Social Sciences, 2016, 4, 70-76 Published Online June 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jss http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jss.2016.46008 The Influence of Stressful Life Events of
More informationSUBSTANCE ABUSE INTERVENTION STUDY AT THE SPECIAL ALTERNATIVE INCARCERATION (SAI) PROGRAM
SUBSTANCE ABUSE INTERVENTION STUDY AT THE SPECIAL ALTERNATIVE INCARCERATION (SAI) PROGRAM Conducted by Ann L. Date, Psy.D. LP Partners in Change: Psychological and Community Services, PLC 720 W. Wackerly
More informationSexual Assault of a Child VOIR DIRE QUESTIONS
ATTORNEYS Sexual Assault of a Child VOIR DIRE QUESTIONS 1. What are your feelings or opinions about criminal defense attorneys? 2. Have you ever had a bad experience with a criminal defense attorney? If
More informationIT S LONELY AT THE TOP: EXECUTIVES EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE SELF [MIS] PERCEPTIONS. Fabio Sala, Ph.D. Hay/McBer
IT S LONELY AT THE TOP: EXECUTIVES EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE SELF [MIS] PERCEPTIONS Fabio Sala, Ph.D. Hay/McBer The recent and widespread interest in the importance of emotional intelligence (EI) at work
More informationRunning head: ONLINE VALUE AND SELF-EFFICACY SCALE
Online Value and Self-Efficacy Scale Running head: ONLINE VALUE AND SELF-EFFICACY SCALE Development and Initial Validation of the Online Learning Value and Self-Efficacy Scale Anthony R. Artino Jr. and
More informationMultisystemic Therapy With Juvenile Sexual Offenders: Clinical and Cost Effectiveness
Multisystemic Therapy With Juvenile Sexual Offenders: Clinical and Cost Effectiveness Charles M. Borduin Missouri Delinquency Project Department of Psychological Sciences University of Missouri-Columbia
More informationAUTISM SPECTRUM RATING SCALES (ASRS )
AUTISM SPECTRUM RATING ES ( ) Sam Goldstein, Ph.D. & Jack A. Naglieri, Ph.D. PRODUCT OVERVIEW Goldstein & Naglieri Excellence In Assessments In Assessments Autism Spectrum Rating Scales ( ) Product Overview
More informationINVESTIGATING BUSINESS SCHOOLS INTENTIONS TO OFFER E-COMMERCE DEGREE-PROGRAMS
INVESTIGATING BUSINESS SCHOOLS INTENTIONS TO OFFER E-COMMERCE DEGREE-PROGRAMS Jean Baptiste K. Dodor College of Business Jackson State University HTUjeandodor@yahoo.comUTH 601-354-1964 Darham S. Rana College
More informationPsychology Courses (PSYCH)
Psychology Courses (PSYCH) PSYCH 545 Abnormal Psychology 3 u An introductory survey of abnormal psychology covering the clinical syndromes included in the diagnostic classification system of the American
More informationA STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL ASSESSMENT OF LEAN MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE
A STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL ASSESSMENT OF LEAN MANUFACTURING PERFORMANCE Tipparat Laohavichien Department of Operations Management, Faculty of Business Administration Kasetsart University, Thailand fbustrl@ku.ac.th
More informationCourses in the College of Letters and Sciences PSYCHOLOGY COURSES (840)
Courses in the College of Letters and Sciences PSYCHOLOGY COURSES (840) 840-545 Abnormal Psychology -- 3 cr An introductory survey of abnormal psychology covering the clinical syndromes included in the
More informationASSESSMENT: Coaching Efficacy As Indicators Of Coach Education Program Needs
March, 2003 Volume 5, Issue 1 ASSESSMENT: Coaching Efficacy As Indicators Of Coach Education Program Needs Lena Fung, Ph.D. Department of Physical Education Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong, SAR
More informationHoover City Schools Secondary Curriculum Social Studies, 2005-06
Course Information: HCS Curriculum: Social Studies 6 12 Hoover City Schools Secondary Curriculum Social Studies, 2005-06 Course Title: Psychology, IB Grade Level: 11-12 Course Description: This course
More informationStatistics on Women in the Justice System. January, 2014
Statistics on Women in the Justice System January, 2014 All material is available though the web site of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS): http://www.bjs.gov/ unless otherwise cited. Note that correctional
More informationSpirituality and Moral Development Among Students at a Christian College Krista M. Hernandez
Spirituality and Moral Development Among Students at a Christian College Krista M. Hernandez Abstract This descriptive comparative study describes the spirituality of college students at different levels
More informationHamilton County Municipal and Common Pleas Court Guide
Hamilton County Municipal and Common Pleas Court Guide Updated January 2012 PREVENTION ASSESSMENT TREATMENT REINTEGRATION MUNICIPAL & COMMON PLEAS COURT GUIDE Table of Contents Table of Contents... 2 Municipal
More informationCHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS. A cross-sectional correlation research design was used for this study where the
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODS 3.1. Research Design A cross-sectional correlation research design was used for this study where the caregivers Compassion Fatigue levels were assessed in relation to their
More informationPERSONALITY TRAITS AS FACTORS AFFECTING E-BOOK ADOPTION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS
PERSONALITY TRAITS AS FACTORS AFFECTING E-BOOK ADOPTION AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS Nurkaliza Khalid Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Maklumat Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor nurkaliza@kuis.edu.my ABSTRACT
More informationEFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT FOR VIOLENT JUVENILE DELINQUENTS
EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT FOR VIOLENT JUVENILE DELINQUENTS THE PROBLEM Traditionally, the philosophy of juvenile courts has emphasized treatment and rehabilitation of young offenders. In recent years,
More informationoffenders had more classically criminal personality characteristics
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC PSYCHOLOGY, VOLUME 28, ISSUE 3, 2010 / 1 PERSONALITY DISORDER PROFILES IN INCARCERATED MALE RAPISTS AND CHILD MOLESTERS Charlotte A. Francia, Frederick L. Coolidge, Ph.D.,
More informationHow To Find Out If A Black Suspect Is A Good Or Bad Person
LAW PERUCHE ENFORCEMENT AND PLANTOFFICER RACE-BASED RESPONSES BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY, 28(2), 193 199 Copyright 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. The Correlates of Law Enforcement Officers
More informationEvaluation of Specialized Substance Abuse Treatment Services for Women
Evaluation of Specialized Substance Abuse Treatment Services for Women August 2013 In 2010, a pilot of Beyond Violence was conducted within the Residential Substance Abuse Unit at the Women s Huron Valley
More informationDETERMINANTS OF INSTRUCTORS TO APPLY IT IN TEACHING
Proceedings of the International Conference for Education, 2005 World Scientific Publishing Company DETERMINANTS OF INSTRUCTORS TO APPLY IT IN TEACHING SHOW-HUI HUANG International Business & Trade, Shu-Te
More informationWHAT IS A JOURNAL CLUB?
WHAT IS A JOURNAL CLUB? With its September 2002 issue, the American Journal of Critical Care debuts a new feature, the AJCC Journal Club. Each issue of the journal will now feature an AJCC Journal Club
More informationThe Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy in the Development of Entrepreneurial Intentions
Journal of Applied Psychology Copyright 2005 by the American Psychological Association 2005, Vol. 90, No. 6, 1265 1272 0021-9010/05/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1265 The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy
More informationALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG HOSPITALITY AND NONHOSPITALITY MAJORS: IS IT AN ISSUE OF PERSONALITY
ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AMONG HOSPITALITY AND NONHOSPITALITY MAJORS: IS IT AN ISSUE OF PERSONALITY Keywords: Alcohol consumption, hospitality students, personality, extroversion, conscientiousness, neuroticism
More informationBRIEF REPORT A COMPARISON OF MOTIVES FOR MARIJUANA AND ALCOHOL USE AMONG EXPERIENCED USERS
Pergamon Addictive Behaviors, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 153 160, 2000 Copyright 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd Printed in the USA. All rights reserved 0306-4603/00/$ see front matter PII S0306-4603(98)00104-X BRIEF
More informationWhite House 806 West Franklin Street P.O. Box 842018 Richmond, Virginia 23284-2018
Monroe Campus Department of Psychology White House 806 West Franklin Street P.O. Box 842018 Richmond, Virginia 23284-2018 804 828-6754 Fax: 804 828-2237 TDD: 1-800-828-1120 Dear Colleague, The trait Mindful
More informationStudent Drinking Spring 2013
Students Student Drinking Spring 2013 INTRODUCTION This survey, conducted by Student Affairs Research and Assessment, provides data on alcohol use and high-risk drinking behavior of undergraduate students
More informationPersonality and Career 1. Vocational identity, coined by Holland, Gottfredson, and Power (1980), is an important construct for physician
Personality and Career 1 Vocational identity, coined by Holland, Gottfredson, and Power (1980), is an important construct for physician Personality Differences in Career Choice Patterns career development.
More informationCreating a Safe and Healthy Environment for Neighborhood Councils
Creating a Safe and Healthy Environment for Neighborhood Councils Department of Neighborhood Empowerment Regional Roundtable and Training Day 2009 Patrick Prince, M.A. & Ann Phelps, Ph.D. PRINCE & PHELPS
More informationSense of Community (SOC) as a Predictor of Adult Learner Persistence in Accelerated Degree Completion Programs (ADCPs)?
Sense of Community (SOC) as a Predictor of Adult Learner Persistence in Accelerated Degree Completion Programs (ADCPs)? Michael O. Minor, EdD mominor1@email.phoenix.edu The University of Phoenix John Sperling
More informationFACULTY OF EDUCATION
FACULTY OF EDUCATION Division of Applied Psychology Rapport Teen Leadership Breakthrough Program: An Evaluation Report Prepared by Anne McKeough, Vicki Schwean, Yvonne Hindes, and Keoma Thorne for The
More informationStrengths-Based Interventions Empower Underserved African American Women Sex Workers
Strengths-Based Interventions Empower Underserved African American Women Sex Workers Hilary L. Surratt, Ph.D., Leah M. Varga, & Steven P. Kurtz, Ph.D. Nova Southeastern University, Center for Research
More informationUnit 3. Answering the Research Question: Quantitative Designs
brockopp06 7/30/02 11:39 AM Page 191 Unit 3 Answering the Research Question: Quantitative Designs brockopp06 7/30/02 11:39 AM Page 192 192 Intentional Blank brockopp06 7/30/02 11:39 AM Page 193 6 Measurement
More informationTHE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING PRESENCE IN ONLINE AND HYBRID CLASSROOMS
Allied Academies International Conference page 7 THE IMPORTANCE OF TEACHING PRESENCE IN ONLINE AND HYBRID CLASSROOMS Richard Bush, Lawrence Technological University Patricia Castelli, Lawrence Technological
More informationThe Impact of Consumer Interactions in Social Networking Sites on Brand Perception
IBIMA Publishing Journal of Internet and e-business Studies http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/jiebs/jiebs.html Vol. 2015 (2015), Article ID 197131, 7 pages DOI: 10.5171/2015.197131 Research Article
More informationThe Relationship Between Epistemological Beliefs and Self-regulated Learning Skills in the Online Course Environment
The Relationship Between Epistemological Beliefs and Self-regulated Learning Skills in the Online Course Environment Lucy Barnard Baylor University School of Education Waco, Texas 76798 USA HLucy_Barnard@baylor.edu
More informationAttitudes About Cosmetic Surgery: Gender and Body Experience
McNair Scholars Journal Volume 6 Issue 1 Article 3 2002 Attitudes About Cosmetic Surgery: Gender and Body Experience Jennifer Bazner Grand Valley State University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/mcnair
More informationChristobel Deliwe Chakwana
DOMESTIC VIOLENCE 5 5. INTRODUCTION Christobel Deliwe Chakwana The 2004 survey represents the first time the Malawi Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) collected information on domestic. The inclusion
More informationin nigerian companies.
Information Management 167 in nigerian companies. Idris, Adekunle. A. Abstract: Keywords: Relationship Marketing, Customer loyalty, Customer Service, Relationship Marketing Strategy and Nigeria. Introduction
More informationAERA 2000 1. American Educational Research Association 2000, New Orleans: Roundtable
AERA 2000 1 American Educational Research Association 2000, New Orleans: Roundtable Metacognitive Self-Regulation and Problem-Solving: Expanding the Theory Base Through Factor Analysis Bruce C. Howard
More information