MEDICAL ETHICS MEDICAL ETHICS STUDIES PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT AND WRONG FOUR PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS AUTONOMY JUSTICE BENEFICENCE NON-MALEFICENCE

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2 MEDICAL ETHICS MEDICAL ETHICS STUDIES PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT AND WRONG FOUR PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS AUTONOMY JUSTICE BENEFICENCE NON-MALEFICENCE

3 AUTONOMY REQUIRES THAT THE PATIENT HAVE AUTONOMY OF THOUGHT, INTENTION, AND ACTION WHEN MAKING DECISIONS REGARDING HEALTH CARE PROCEDURES. THEREFORE, THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS MUST BE FREE OF COERCION OR COAXING. IN ORDER FOR A PATIENT TO MAKE A FULLY INFORMED DECISION, SHE/HE MUST UNDERSTAND ALL RISKS AND BENEFITS OF THE PROCEDURE AND THE LIKELIHOOD OF SUCCESS.

4 JUSTICE THE IDEA THAT THE BURDENS AND BENEFITS OF NEW OR EXPERIMENTAL TREATMENTS MUST BE DISTRIBUTED EQUALLY AMONG ALL GROUPS IN SOCIETY. REQUIRES THAT PROCEDURES UPHOLD THE SPIRIT OF EXISTING LAWS AND ARE FAIR TO ALL PLAYERS INVOLVED. THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER MUST CONSIDER FOUR MAIN AREAS WHEN EVALUATING JUSTICE: FAIR DISTRIBUTION OF SCARCE RESOURCES, COMPETING NEEDS, RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS, AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS WITH ESTABLISHED LEGISLATION. REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES CREATE ETHICAL DILEMMAS BECAUSE TREATMENT IS NOT EQUALLY AVAILABLE TO ALL PEOPLE.

5 BENEFICENCE REQUIRES THAT THE PROCEDURE BE PROVIDED WITH THE INTENT OF DOING GOOD FOR THE PATIENT INVOLVED. DEMANDS THAT HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE, CONTINUALLY UPDATE TRAINING, CONSIDER INDIVIDUAL CIRCUMSTANCES OF ALL PATIENTS, AND STRIVE FOR NET BENEFIT.

6 NON-MALEFICENCE REQUIRES THAT A PROCEDURE DOES NOT HARM THE PATIENT INVOLVED OR OTHERS IN SOCIETY. INFERTILITY SPECIALISTS OPERATE UNDER THE ASSUMPTION THAT THEY ARE DOING NO HARM OR AT LEAST MINIMIZING HARM BY PURSUING THE GREATER GOOD. HOWEVER, BECAUSE ASSISTIVE REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES HAVE LIMITED SUCCESS RATES UNCERTAIN OVERALL OUTCOMES, THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF THE PATIENT MAY BE IMPACTED NEGATIVELY. IN SOME CASES, IT IS DIFFICULT FOR DOCTORS TO SUCCESSFULLY APPLY THE DO NO HARM PRINCIPLE.

7 THE ASSIGNMENT For your project, you need to pick a healthcare related ethical issue that interests you. Research both sides of the issue, form your own opinion about the issue, and present it to the class. Your paper must meet the following requirements: Typed, double spaced, 12 pt Times New Roman (or equivalent) font, 1 inch margins Minimum of 1300 words, Maximum of 1600 words Minimum of 5 reputable sources (NOT Wikipedia) In-text citations for all sources. Anything that is not straight out of your own head needs to be cited! At least one diagram, figure, table, or chart that is directly related to your topic and enhances your research. The figure or diagram does not count as part of the total word count. Text must include the following: Introduce and outline your ethical issue, why is it an ethical issue One side of the issue The other side of the issue Your opinion of the issue You must submit an electronic version of your paper to me. I will not accept hard copies. Please them to me at lijones@dsdmail.net. I must have them in my inbox no later than 11:59pm on March 27, You will present your ethics project to small groups. To obtain full presentation points, use of technology in your presentation is required. More information on the presentation will follow.

8 SOURCES

9 SOURCES Minimum of 5 documented reliable resources WIKIPEDIA IS NOT A RELIABLE SOURCE An interview with a health professional may count as one source You must use MLA formatting You must include in-text citations within your paper You must include a works cited page

10 PICKING A TOPIC A list of approved topics will be provided No more than 2 people may pick a given topic Pick something that interests you... 5 pages is a lot so if you don t care about a topic this paper will get VERY difficult to write As you start doing research, if you find you do not like your topic or you cannot find enough material for your topic you may switch with my approval

11 POSSIBLE TOPICS Abortion Abuse Animal experimentation Animal rights Artificial insemination Birth control Cosmetic surgery Drug testing & legalization Euthanasia Gender selection Gene therapy Genetic engineering Human cloning Human tissue usage In vitro fertilization Organ donation Organ transplants Patient confidentiality Mental health patient rights Stem cell research Steroids Surrogacy Transgender surgery Vaccinations Adoption Advance care planning Advertising of prescription medications Autopsy Bio-terrorism Circumcision Death penalty Do not resuscitate order (DNR) Physician assisted suicide Pulling the plug

12 POSSIBLE TOPICS Maternal/fetal conflict Medicare/medicaid Medicinal marijuana Newborn screening Religion vs. Medicine Selling organs Smoking/E-cig bans Universal health care Affordable Health Care Act Alternative health care Childhood obesity-who is at fault? Fat tax Frozen embryo ownership Growth hormone use (hgh) Growth hormone use in animals Having one child to save another ( My Sister s Keeper) Infectious disease reporting Irradiation of food Lifestyle & insurance premiums Pain management Placebo use Population control Quarantine for infected individuals Supplements Use of bioengineered food Recycling medical equipment after death (ex: using pacemakers from dead patients in people in 3 rd world countries) Private companies covering or not covering contraception Three genetic parent babies

13 GETTING STARTED Excellent site for initial research on your topic: Make an outline to guide your research Topic sentence For stance Evidence Against stance Evidence Your opinion based on your research Conclusion

14 FINAL THOUGHTS Please pay attention to ALL the details on the information sheet I handed out Remember to include 5 sources that are NOT Wikipedia Remember to include a graphic of some kind Remember you will be presenting this to the class/small groups after you ve turned it in Remember, the due date is March 27, 2015, 11:59 PM In case you didn t get that, it s due by MARCH 27 11:59 PM There will be an AUTOMATIC 40% deduction for late submissions

February 17, 2010 Sheela Vardey, HO III Lynn Tran, 2 nd year Neonatology Fellow

February 17, 2010 Sheela Vardey, HO III Lynn Tran, 2 nd year Neonatology Fellow Objectives To define ethics and introduce how it applies to clinical medicine To discuss the fundamental principles of ethics