Towards the end of the project: integrating our output design with php LIS458

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1 Towards the end of the project: integrating our output design with php LIS458 We planned to enable our rela.onal database project as a web- enabled one, where the usual DB Administrator ac.vity of crea.ng input and output reports (or screens). As part of your screen/report input and output exercises (recall, there was a preliminary drad, then discussion, then a final drad, etc.). In addi.on, you prac.ced issuing SQL commands, prac.ced a variety of inserts, selects and other statements against your own tables to learn more in.mately how the SQL commands work with your par.cular implementa.on of SQL. The success of the commands, of course, is dependent upon the conceptual and logical design of the model. The whole RDBMS field is curiously intertwined and dependent upon all aspects of the conceptual, logical, and physical to be workable. To be a successful project, all of the above must be able to be communicated to others. This is where we return to our documenta.on. The rela.onal schema, en.ty rela.onal diagrams, data dic.onary, screen & report designs, and the maintenance plan all are part of what most end- users and managers will encounter. In addi.on, the work you ve performed is par.ally that of the database administrator or DBA and par.ally that of the database designer and builder. In organiza.ons, such as universi.es, there is oden a network administrator (or an en.re department that maintains everything related to systems), a database group (a manager; database administrators, who usually work with end- users to capture needs, refine or create reports, atend to user accounts and other issues, oden works with a Help Desk or technical support workers; database programmers who use the documenta.on to create using databases, tables, reports, and refinements to code that inserts, manipulates, and selects data. It s not uncommon to find posi.on announcements that require knowledge of SQL and a scrip.ng or program- ming language (Python, Ruby, PHP, Java, JSP, ASP, etc.) and that require some experience with, or willingness to take on, Oracle and Oracle- based applica.ons, such as Banner or PeopleSoD. Increasingly you ll see graphic designers or web designers as part of the DB team. These folk design the interface, emphasizing the marke.ng and aesthe.c aspects of the web site. It seems that the web designer/graphic designer oden ends up as the head of the unit; this is not always a wise move by management. Crea.ng a prety interface doesn t mean the result is an effec.ve and efficient RDBMS. Moreover, data from the DB tables are exported directly into, or shaped via a computer program into, an XML file. From there, the XML objects can be delivered right into the website (that uses a combina.on of XML and XLST, as we reviewed last week), and as part of Flash movies that are embedded in the web page. So there is great opportunity and certainly a need for DBA folk - like you - who can map data from the rela.onal database to the XML Schema and can create proofs of concept to explain new ideas and solu.ons to informa.on problems. That leads us back to today s point of integra.ng your designs and SQL statements into a web- enabled product. A different take: Instead of using the originally planned servlets (because students aren t permited at this.me to access the web server that runs the web server sodware and servlet sodware), we re going to adjust our approach to fit the technologies you are permited to use. [Note that this isn t uncommon in real life! We plan for one thing but something else comes along that affects the plan.] LIS458 Enabling your database with PHP Page 1

2 Today we re going to use php. For our demo, we ll say we want to output our data to a website. Therefore, we create a design of a webpage. We might iden.fy three sec.ons of our website. 1. The header, which never changes in our design and it holds let s say branding data, references to external style sheets, etc. 2. The footer. Like the header, this is invariant; let s say we want to have a copyright statement and our group name, e.g., 2011 My Group. 3. The body of the website that presents data from the database. Since we want our data to appear in rows in a table, let s start the table in the header and end the table in the footer. Then the body can concentrate only on presen.ng data from the database tables in rows in our table. Below is an example of a website template and three sec.ons are iden.fied: <html><head><title>my Database</title> <!-- here is a reference to an external cascading style sheet --> <link rel= stylesheet href= style.css type= text/css media= screen > </head> <body><h2><i>welcome!</i></h2> <table width= 100% border= 0 cellspacing= 2 cellpadding= 2 > <tr><td>last Name</td><td>First Name</td></tr> </table> <p align= center > <font color= silver size= -2 > 2011 My Group </font> </p> </body></html> Header Body Footer Let s say now that you took the website design you created and copied every thing from the top of the file to the table tag and stored it in a text file, called myheader.txt. Then do the same for everything from the </table> tag to the botom of the file (past the </html>) and store it in a file called myfooter.txt. This leaves only the body where the data appear. On the next page is an image that represents this graphically. LIS458 Enabling your database with PHP Page 2

3 Header Section - for demo, stored in a file called myheader.txt : A Web Page Welcome! Smith <html><head><title>my Database</title> <!-- here is a reference to an external cascading style sheet --> <link rel= stylesheet href= style.css type= text/css media= screen > </head> <body><h2><i>welcome!</i></h2> <table width= 100% border= 0 cellspacing= 2 cellpadding= 2 > Body Section - integrated into the php script: Here we integrate data from the relational database with some HTML tags so the data and output conform to your model created when you made screen and report designs My Group Often at first we use tables, so in this example we will assume that the database, which after all presents data as a bunch of rows, similar to a stack of dishes, we take the first row, take each field from that row, and integrate it with the HTML tags. So, in the body of our php, we will hardcode <tr> and <td> tags for the presentation of the data and then in the right places concatenate (using the. command from php; the. acts like a + sign to join Strings) data from the field, e.g., echo <tr> ; echo '<td>'. $row{'lastname'. '</td>'; echo </tr> ; echo is the php command to echo or send data back to standard output (the screen) <tr> is the html tag for making a row in a table <td> is the html tag for a column in a row Note we must identify these strings to php by using $row{'fieldname is the php command for saying we want data from a particular field in the row of data being processed now (remember, it s one row of data that s processed at a time; from top to bottom, record 1 to the last record. [There are other sql commands from moving up and down the stack.] In this example, we want data from the field name 'lastname'; and it happens to be Smith Footer Section - for demo, stored in a file called myfooter.txt : </table> <p align= center > <font color= silver size= -2 > 2011 My Group </font> </p> </body></html> Week15-DBScenarioImage.ai LIS458 Enabling your database with PHP Page 3

4 How to do it? Easy. We will use a php script that reads in the file (e.g., myheader.txt and myfooter.txt) and sends their contents immediately to the user s browser. In between reading the header and footer file, we query the DB, get the results, and then process the results one by one (remember, data from the database are delivered as a stack of rows (that s technically the rela.on) so we proceed from row 1 to the last row. You can visualize this from the table below: row # field name: lastname Smith Jeffrey DaVille field name: firstname Nancy Jason Cruella field name: classno LIS400 LIS401 LIS531 So, using a text editor, create this file that you ll store in your Simmons webspace, e.g., web.simmons.edu/~jones/dbtest1.php NB: in the demo php script below, certain variables must be replaced to be tailored for your needs. You must know your username and dbpassword for your sorjuana- hosted DB. The SQL SELECT statement below must be replaced by your own SQL statements. The php commands that relate especially to db access are in blue. The field names must match what your tables have. Things to be replaced will be shown in pink. What to type: <?php // HEADER FILE echo file_get_contents( myheader.txt ); $db = mysql_connect( sorjuana.simmons.edu, username, dbpassword ) or die ( Unable to connect to sorjuana ); $dbname = mydatabase ; mysql_select_db($dbname, $db) or die ( Error selec.ng database $dbname:.mysql_error() ); Explanation (don t type): PHP prologs; lets the browser know what follows is not HTML but a set of commands for the PHP engine to read. Comments for people to read and the PHP engine to ignore are indicated by // Here we comment so others know we are going to call the header is single line tells PHP to open the file indicated in the ( ) and get the contents; the echo means echo em back to the user s browser. PHP commands end with ; is line creates a variable ($db) that holds the results of our attempt to connect to sorjuana. e username must be replaced by your database user name; the dbpassword must be replaced with your password. Keep the single quotes where they are. e die means If we cannot connect, don t do anything more, just send an error message ( Unable to connect to sorjuana ) back to the user and stop. LIS458 Enabling your database with PHP Page 4 We create another variable called $dbname. You must replace the string mydatabase with the name of your database. Now we have a connection to the DB and we tell SQL which database we want to use ($dbname)

5 $myquery = SELECT * FROM mytable ; $result = mysql_query($myquery); while ($row=mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { echo <tr> ; echo <td>. $row{ lastname.. $row{ firstname ; echo </td> ; echo <td>. $row{ classno ; echo </td> ; echo </tr> ; // no.ce we concatenate (join) strings using the. // so the.. is adding a space between last name // and first name. // Now close the connec.on to the DB mysql_close($db); // All done! Let s get the footer file. echo file_get_contents( myfooter.txt );?> We create a variable called $myquery that holds a String of our SQL Statement. is is the command that actually issues the command to the SQL database. e results of our query are stored in a variable called $result. If we could look at result, we d see a bunch of rows. To facilitate accessing the data in the rows, PHP includes a variety of helper tools. One is to store the data in an array ; looks rather like a spreadsheet table but in RAM; and this command associates the metadata that holds the names of the fields with the actual data. is is how we can refer to the name of the field (e.g., lastname ) and yet have the value of the data appear (e.g., Smith ). e while means as long as there are data in the variable $row, keep processing the rows until there are no more data in the rows. Clean up; close the connection so others can use the database. Like we did above for the header file, read the contents of the footer file. End the php statement with?> [ \ c { The rest of this file is op.onal. It demonstrates accep.ng data from a web form where the user sends an idno, a password, a role using method= post. This php script is used to check student registra.ons for an online class. [Naturally, the actual username and password have been changed.] <?php // Get data from sole-index.txt $idno = $_POST['l']; $password = $_POST['p']; $role = $_POST['r']; $loggedinas = ""; $facname = ""; // HEADER echo file_get_contents("header.txt"); $db = mysql_connect('henriette.simmons.edu','username','password') or die('unable to connect to henriette.'); $dbname = 'sso'; mysql_select_db($dbname, $db) or die("error selecting datbase $dbname: ".mysql_error()); LIS458 Enabling your database with PHP Page 5

6 $myquery = "SELECT * FROM login, users WHERE login.idno='".$idno. "' AND login.password='".$password."' AND login.role='".$role. "' AND users.idno=login.idno"; $result = mysql_query($myquery); // while ($row=mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { if ($row=mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { $loggedinas = $row{'fname'." ".$row{'lname'; $facname = $row{'lname'; // ************ IF STUDENT if ($role == 'S') { echo '<td><span class="bannertext">the Student Page</span>'; echo '<br/><span class="bannerinfotext">welcome, '.$loggedinas.'</span>'; echo '<img src="college-student.jpg" height="50%" align="right" />'; echo '</td>'; echo '</tr>'; echo '<!-- LEFT SIDE MENU -->'; echo '<tr><td align="left" valign="top">'; // MENU echo file_get_contents('menu-common.txt'); echo file_get_contents('menu-students.txt'); echo file_get_contents('footer.txt'); echo '</td>'; echo '<td align="left" valign="top"><hr />'; // RIGHT SIDE - ADMIN NEWS echo '<span class="maintitle">news from the Administrator</span>'; echo '<blockquote>'; echo file_get_contents('adminnotes-student.txt'); echo '</blockquote>'; // GET STUDENT CLASSES echo '<span class="maintitle">class List for '.$loggedinas.'</span>'; $getprogramofstudy="select DISTINCT * FROM enrollments, courseofferings, users, allcourses ". "WHERE enrollments.idno='".$idno."' AND ". "enrollments.idno=users.idno AND ". "enrollments.classnoid=courseofferings.classnoid AND ". "enrollments.classnoid=allcourses.classnoid ". "ORDER BY courseofferings.term + courseofferings.year"; $rs = mysql_query($getprogramofstudy ); $i = 0; echo "<blockquote>"; echo "<table width=\"100%\">"; while ($row=mysql_fetch_array($rs, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { if ($i == 0) { echo '<tr><td bgcolor="#b0bbc3">'; else { LIS458 Enabling your database with PHP Page 6

7 echo '<tr><td bgcolor="#a5bfdf">'; echo '<a href='.$row{'classnoid'.'.html target=new>'; // echo '<img align=absmiddle src=tiny_arrow.gif> '; $theterm = $row{"term"; $temp = ""; if ($theterm == '1') { $temp = "Fall"; if ($theterm == '2') { $temp = "Spring"; if ($theterm == '3') { $temp = "Week-long"; if ($theterm == '4') { $temp = "Summer Session 1"; if ($theterm == '5') { $temp = "Summer Session 2"; // echo ' Homepage for '.$row{"classnoid".' ('.$temp." ".$row{"year".")</a></td> "; echo ' Homepage for '.$row{"title"." ".$row{"classnoid".' '.$row{"section".' ('. $temp." ".$row{"year".")</a></td> "; if ($i == 0) { echo '<td bgcolor="#b0bbc3">'; else { echo '<td bgcolor="#a5bfdf">'; echo '</td></tr>'; if ($i == 0) { $i = 1; else { $i = 0; mysql_close($db); echo '<tr><td><hr /></td></tr></table>'; echo '</blockquote>'; echo '<p><span class="maintitle">contact Data '; // echo '<div class="mainposition">update my contact data</div>'; echo '<blockquote><form method="post" action=" acctscreen">'; echo '<input type="submit" name="submit" value="view or modify contact data"/> '; echo '<input type="hidden" name="activity" value="v" id="activity" />'; echo '<input type="hidden" name="role" value="s" id="role" />'; echo '<input type="hidden" name="creatorrole" value="s" id="creatorrole" />'; echo '<input type="hidden" name="creatoridno" value="'.$facname.'" id="creatoridno" />'; echo '<input type="hidden" id="idno" name="idno" value="'.$facname.'">'; echo '</form></blockquote>'; echo '</span></p>'; echo '<hr />'; // END IF STUDENT. // ************ IF FACULTY if ($role == 'F') { echo '<td><span class="bannertext">the Faculty Page</span>'; echo '<br/><span class="bannerinfotext">welcome, '.$loggedinas.'</span>'; echo '<img src="faculty-man.png" align="right" />'; echo '</td>'; echo '</tr>'; echo '<!-- LEFT SIDE MENU -->'; echo '<tr><td align="left" valign="top">'; // MENU echo file_get_contents('menu-common.txt'); echo file_get_contents('menu-faculty.txt'); LIS458 Enabling your database with PHP Page 7

8 echo file_get_contents('footer.txt'); echo '</td>'; echo '<td align="left" valign="top"><hr />'; // RIGHT SIDE - ADMIN NEWS echo '<span class="maintitle">news from the Administrator</span>'; echo '<blockquote>'; echo file_get_contents('adminnotes.txt'); echo '</blockquote>'; // GET FACULTY LISTS FROM DATABASE echo '<span class="maintitle">class List for '.$loggedinas.'</span>'; echo '<blockquote>'; $titlenotprinted = true; $getclassesbyfacultyid = "SELECT * FROM courseofferings, allcourses, users ". "WHERE courseofferings.facultyid='".$idno."' AND ". "allcourses.classnoid = courseofferings.classnoid AND ". "users.idno = '".$idno."'"; $rs = mysql_query($getclassesbyfacultyid ); $i = 0; echo "<table width=\"100%\">"; while ($row=mysql_fetch_array($rs, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { if ($i == 0) { echo '<tr><td bgcolor="#b0bbc3">'; else { echo '<tr><td bgcolor="#a5bfdf">'; echo '<a href='.$row{'classnoid'.'.html target=new>'; // echo '<img align=absmiddle src=tiny_arrow.gif> '; $theterm = $row{"term"; $temp = ""; if ($theterm == '1') { $temp = "Fall"; if ($theterm == '2') { $temp = "Spring"; if ($theterm == '3') { $temp = "Week-long"; if ($theterm == '4') { $temp = "Summer Session 1"; if ($theterm == '5') { $temp = "Summer Session 2"; echo ' Homepage for '.$row{"title"." ".$row{"classnoid".' '.$row{"section".' ('. $temp." ".$row{"year".")</a></td> "; if ($i == 0) { echo '<td bgcolor="#b0bbc3">'; else { echo '<td bgcolor="#a5bfdf">'; echo '<form id="roster" action=" method="post" name="rosterform"> '; echo ' <input type="hidden" name="idno" id="idno" value="'.$row{"idno".'"> '; echo ' <input type="hidden" name="term" id="term" value="'.$row{"term".'"> '; echo ' <input type="hidden" name="year" id="year" value="'.$row{"year".'"> '; echo ' <input type="hidden" name="classnoid" id="classnoid" value="'.$row {"classnoid".'"> '; echo ' <input type="submit" name="rosterbutton" value="roster" /> '; LIS458 Enabling your database with PHP Page 8

9 echo '</form> '; echo '<form id="roster" action="create-introtemplate.php" method="post" name="createclass">'; echo ' <input type="hidden" name="idno" id="idno" value="'.$row{"idno".'">'; echo ' <input type="hidden" name="term" id="term" value="'.$row{"term".'">'; echo ' <input type="hidden" name="year" id="year" value="'.$row{"year".'">'; echo '<input type="hidden" name="title" id="title" value="'.$row{"title".'">'; echo '<input type="hidden" name="section" id="section" value="'.$row{"section".'">'; echo ' <input type="hidden" name="classnoid" id="classnoid" value="'.$row {"classnoid".'">'; echo ' <input type="submit" name="createclassbutton" value="create Class Online" />'; echo '</form>' ; echo '</td></tr>'; if ($i == 0) { $i = 1; else { $i = 0; mysql_close($db); echo '<tr><td><hr /></td></tr></table>'; echo '</blockquote>'; echo '<p><span class="maintitle">contact Data '; // echo '<div class="mainposition">update my contact data</div>'; echo '<blockquote><form method="post" action=" acctscreen">'; echo '<input type="submit" name="submit" value="view or modify contact data"/> '; echo '<input type="hidden" name="activity" value="v" id="activity" />'; echo '<input type="hidden" name="role" value="f" id="role" />'; echo '<input type="hidden" name="creatorrole" value="f" id="creatorrole" />'; echo '<input type="hidden" name="creatoridno" value="'.$facname.'" id="creatoridno" />'; echo '<input type="hidden" id="idno" name="idno" value="'.$facname.'">'; echo '</form></blockquote>'; echo '</span></p>'; echo '<hr />'; // END IF FACULTY. echo '</body></html>';?>. > File name: Week14- DBScenarioAndPHPforWeb.txt LIS458 Enabling your database with PHP Page 9