TÜV Rheinland Agroisolab. Practical applications of stable isotopes technologies for timber tracking TÜV Rheinland Agroisolab GmbH
|
|
- Cameron Holland
- 8 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 . Practical applications of stable isotopes technologies for timber tracking GmbH
2 . Our analytic tools. Stable isotopes in bioelements Not radioactive Found in all nature Different distribution and pattern hydrogen D/H 18 O/ 16 O 34 S/ 32 S stable 13 C/ 12 C The physical fingerprint of the nature 87 Sr/ 86 Sr 15 N/ 14 N radioactive Physical tracking tool In relation to one million atoms from Variation in the nature hydrogen the biomass consists of oxygen nitrogen carbon sulfur 150 heavy hydrogen 2000 heavy oxygen 3600 heavy nitrogen heavy carbon heavy sulfur GmbH
3 ppm [18O]. The stable isotopic scale The stable isotopic scale is relative to an international standard (deviation in ). -8, Kinetic fractionation incomplete processes, e.g. 1. distillation 2. diffusion Rhine water ocean water Nile water 3. chemical reactions Increased amount of heay oxygen: 18 O Complete processes, no fractionation!!
4 . Isotopic patterns in the global water cycle. Bowen J., Geology, 4, GmbH
5 . Stable isotopes Information to track back agricultural products Country level: The D/H (hydrogen) and 18O/16O (oxygen) ratios depending on the water / rainfall cycle could differentiate a wide region. Regional level: The 13C/12C (carbon), as a climate and 87Sr/86Sr (strontium) as a geological parameter could differentiate a closer region.. Local / soil level: The 34S/32S (sulfur) and 15N/14N (nitrogen) as geological parameter reflect the local soil GmbH
6 . IRMS laboratories in Germany. Official food laboratories of the authority using stable isotope to check the origin of food. Is the stable isotope application applicable for timber? Projects ( ): Muenster Oldenburg Berlin : database of spruce boreal timber project : database of teak, mahogany : concession project Freiburg Wuerzburg Muenchen GmbH
7 D/H. WWF-Project I D/H database of spruce out of Russia and Europe water 7
8 . WWF-project II: Differentiation of teak (tectonia grandis) ( ) Laos Birma Indonesia Honduras Costa Rica India Panama Brasil Java / Ind. Papua-New sampling locations: Teak (Tectonia grandis) 8
9 F2 (13,93 %). WWF-project II: Differentiation of tropical timber ( ) Teak (tectonia grandis) in the Asian region (DA analysis:d, 13 C, 15 N, 18 O, 34 S) 6 observation (Achsen F1 und F2: 100,00 %) 4 2 Laos Java Birma von \ nach Birma Java Laos Gesamtwert % korrekt Birma % Java % Laos % Gesamtwert % -6 F1 (86,07 %) Burma Java Laos Zentroide 9
10 15N/14N [ ] v.s. AIR. WWF-project II: Differentiation of tropical timber ( ) Teak (tectonia grandis) in the Asian region: Stable isotope of nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) N/ 14 N Burma Java Laos Geological, Anthropogenic 10
11 F2 (43,34 %). WWF-project II: Differentiation of tropical timber ( ) Teak (tectonia grandis) in the Asian region (DA analysis:d,13c,15n,18o,34s) Beobachtungen (Achsen F1 und F2: 94,80 %) from \ to India Indonesia Java Laos PNG total % correct India % Indonesia % Java % Laos % PNG % total % PNG Laos 3 2 Indonesien Indien 6 7 Java F1 (51,46 %) India Indonesia Java Laos Papua New Guinia Zentroide 11
12 . WWF-project II: Differentiation of teak (tectonia grandis) ( ) Laos Birma Indonesia Honduras Costa Rica India Panama Brasil Java / Ind. Papua-New sampling locations: Teak (Tectonia grandis) 12
13 F2 (17,45 %). WWF-project II: Differentiation of tropical timber ( ) Teak (tectonia grandis) in Central America (DA analysis: D, 18 O, 13 C, 15 N, 34 S, 87 Sr) 10 Beobachtungen (Achsen F1 und F2: 97,08 %) Honduras Panama WEST 5 0 Panama EAST Costa Panama Rica Sampling point Brasilien from \ to Brasil Costa Rica Honduras Panama total % -5 correkt Brasil ,00% Costa Rica ,67% Honduras ,00% Panama ,11% total ,21% -10 F1 (79,63 %) Brasilien Costa Rica Honduras Panama Zentroide 13
14 F2 (4,16 %). WWF-project II: Differentiation of tropical timber ( ) Teak (tectonia grandis): Closer comparison with Panama and Costa Rica: D, 18 O, 13 C, 15 N, 34 S) Beobachtungen (Achsen F1 und F2: 100,00 %) F1 (95,84 %) Costa Rica Panama EAST Panama WEST 14
15 F2 (13,43 %). WWF-project II: Mahogany ( ) Mahogany species (DA analysis:d,13c,15n,18o,34s 5 Beobachtungen (Achsen F1 und F2: 96,63 %) Honduras Costa Rica Honduras Costa Rica Kongo Java Panama Java Panama Kongo Costa Rica Honduras Java Kongo Panama Zentroide -5 F1 (83,20 %) 15
16 . WWF-project: Teak, Mahogany: blind test Nr. Declaration Species Evaluation TR WWF Verification Origin Remark 1 Java Teak fraud O.K. 2 Honduras Mahogony fraud O.K. 3 Panama Teak fraud wrong Costa Rica NIR not used 4 Panama Teak O.K. O.K. 5 Java Teak fraud O.K. 6 Burma Teak fraud O.K. 7 Laos Teak O.K. O.K. 8 Costa Rica Teak O.K. wrong Ghana Ghana is not in database 9 Honduras Mahogany fraud O.K. 10 Java Teak O.K. O.K. 11 Laos Teak fraud O.K. 12 Costa Rica Teak fraud O.K. 13 Java Teak O.K. O.K. 14 Java Teak fraud O.K. 15 Bavaria Spuce fraud O.K GmbH
17 . GTZ-project: Differentiation of timber from concession ( ) sampling locations: Cameron, Africa Kamerun 17
18 . GTZ-project: Differentiation of timber from concession ( ) sampling locations: Cameron in detail: Task: It is possible to differentiate FMU /04? FMU FMU FMU ~100km FMU FMU FMU
19 . F2 (22,55 %) GTZ-project: Differentiation of timber from concession ( ) Iroko and Sapelli from concession in Cameron (DA Rotating: D, 18 O, 13 C, 15 N, 34 S) Beobachtungen (Achsen F1 und F2: 98,76 %) FMU FMU /004-FMU FMU /051FMU FMU from \ to FMU /004-FMU FMU FMU FMU /051FMU total % correct FMU ,24% /004-FMU ,72% FMU ,63% FMU ,14% FMU ,00% /051FMU ,81% total ,36% F1 (76,21 %) FMU /004-FMU FMU FMU FMU /051FMU Zentroide -5 19
20 . Concession project Kamerun: blind test Nr. species yes NO origin of the concession delivered by 1 Iroko - Ivory Coast East Brothers I, J Likely from CFC 2 Sapelli + Cameroon (CFC concession) East Brothers E, F Likely from CFC 3 Sapelli + Cameroon (CFC concession) East Brothers A, B Likely from CFC 4 Utile - Sipo Timber - Congo East Brothers G, H Outside CFC 5 Sapelli - Congo (CIB concession - SGS) Latham E, F Outside CFC 6 Sapelli - Congo (CIB concession - FSC) Latham A, B Likely from CFC 7a Sapelli + Cameroon (CFC concession) East Brothers C, D Likely from CFC 7 Iroko - Cameroon, Alpi FMU (<100km Distanz) Treemex H Likely from CFC 8 Iroko - Cameroon, Alpi FMU (<100km Distanz) Treemex F Outside CFC 9 Iroko - Cameroon, Alpi FMU (<100km Distanz) Treemex E Outside CFC 10 Sapelli - Congo (CIB concession - FSC) Latham C, D Outside CFC 11 Iroko - Cameroon, Alpi FMU (<100km Distanz) Treemex A 12 Iroko - Cameroon, Alpi FMU (<100km Distanz) Treemex D 13 Iroko - Cameroon, Alpi FMU (<100km Distanz) Treemex B 14 Iroko - Cameroon, Alpi FMU (<100km Distanz) Treemex G 15 Iroko - Cameroon, Alpi FMU (<100km Distanz) Treemex E Nr Evaluation Outside concession Outside concession Outside concession Outside concession Outside concession 20
21 . GTZ-project: Differentiation of timber from concession ( ) Comparison of Iroko (African teak) and Sapelli (Mahogany species) - D, 18 O, 13 C O/16O(org.) v.s. VSMOW (+offset: -50 ) D/H(org.) v.s VSMOW 13C/12C v.s. PDB Similar water balance of different tree species and similar physiological structures should lead to similar isotopic ratios of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen Iroko: n=47 samples Sapelli: n= Iroko (FMU ) Sapelli (FMU ) 21
22 18O/16O v.s. SMOW D/H v.s. SMOW Teak-Honduras Mah-Honduras Teak-Java Mah-Java Teak-Costa Rica Mah-Costa Rica Teak-Panama Mah-Panama Teak-Honduras Mah-Honduras Teak-Java Mah-Java Teak-Costa Rica Mah-Costa Rica Teak-Panama Mah-Panama. Comparison of Teak and Mahogany from various regions. Comparison of different timber species. Test of data transfer = Mahogany = Teak ,550-72,390-74,810-69,150-79,900-78,607-70,217-57,606-60,293-61,235-90,400-93,019-78,900-84,579-90,750-94,100 Panama Costa Rica Java Honduras 30 There is the opportunity to find transfer parameters for different kind of wood ,950 20,744 19,200 19,075 20,940 20,511 19,600 21,283 19,551 21,350 20,393 20,300 23,272 23,250 22,505 22, Panama Costa Rica Java Honduras 22
23 . Tracking system Samples information e.g. GPS coordinates Web server Isotopic Database server Stable isotopic data Experts (Full access for test report) 23
24 . Summary The stable isotopes use a physical property of the material (timber) Even manufactured wood (e.g. chair) could be analyzed The stable isotopes could deliver confirmation or exclusion of declared origin Stable isotope data should be transferable to other species of the botanical family Further stable isotopes could enhance the differentiation possibilities Reference samples are necessary For regional differentiation natural gradients are necessary. Problem: human borders are not natural isotopic borders Significance of the stable isotope method depends on the numbers of data in the database Closer differentiation <200km have to be verified or combined with other methods (Genetic) Experience in interpretation is necessary GmbH
25 . Thanks to Thank you very much Your attention 25
26 34 S/ 32 S Sulfur ratio from 3 samples per sampling location. WWF-project II: Differentiation of tropical timber ( ) Sampling locations in Java: 26
27 D/H [ ] v.s. SMOW. Comparison of extracted and nitrated cellulose 20 Java Costa Rica Kongo Java Costa Rica Kongo Java Costa Rica Kongo Java-NitriertCosta Rica nitriert Kongo nitriert 4, , ,600-37, ,411-36,878-38,942-44, ,607-78,900-79,900-80, extracted nitrated 27
28 . Overview preparation of samples Timber samples combustion / micro wave digestion / crown ether extraction Dried, crushed and ball milled 87Sr Total extraction with methylene chloride and methanol. nitration IRMS measurement D 18O 13C 15N 34S Offline preparation GmbH
29 . Stable isotopes Information to track back agricultural products water D/H 18 O/ 16 O Geology (soil) 34 S / 32 S 87 Sr / Sr N / 14 N Îsotopic fingerprint Fertilisation 15 N/ 14 N Plant species / climate History 13 C/ 12 C 34 S/ 32 S 15 N/ 14 N
Application of DNA fingerprints to control
Application of DNA fingerprints to control tree species and geographic origin of timber Bernd Degen Thünen Institute of Forest Genetics, Germany bernd.degen@ti.bund.de 2013 Content 1. Introduction 2. Control
More informationApplication of mobile devices for community based forest monitoring
Sensing a Changing World 2012 Application of mobile devices for community based forest monitoring Arun Kumar Pratihast 1, 2, *, Carlos M. Souza Jr. 3, Martin Herold 1 and Lars Ribbe 2 1 2 3 Centre for
More informationILLEGAL LOGGING & THE EU AN ANALYSIS OF THE EU EXPORT & IMPORT MARKET OF
ILLEGAL LOGGING & THE EU AN ANALYSIS OF THE EU EXPORT & IMPORT MARKET OF ILLEGAL WOOD AND RELATED PRODUCTS APRIL 2008 This report is based and adapted from a broader study by WWF-Germany: Illegaler Holzeinschlag
More informationGLOBAL WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS FLOW
ITEM 5 GLOBAL WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS FLOW TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES Table of Contents GLOBAL WOOD AND WOOD PRODUCTS FLOW - TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES... 1 SUMMARY... 2 INTRODUCTION... 3 INTERNATIONAL TRADE...
More informationBTG Biomass Technology Group. Energy Consultants, Researchers and Engineers
BTG Biomass Technology Group Energy Consultants, Researchers and Engineers BTG Biomass Technology Group BV BTG: Your Partner in Bio-energy BTG Biomass Technology Group BV (BTG) is an independent, private
More information1.3 Radioactivity and the age of the solar system
1.3. RADIOACTIVITY AND THE AGE OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM 57 1.3 Radioactivity and the age of the solar system Most of you are familiar with the phenomenon of radioactive decay: Certain elements have isotopes
More informationAssignment 8: Comparison of gasification, pyrolysis and combustion
AALTO UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY KE-40.4120 Introduction to biorefineries and biofuels Assignment 8: Comparison of gasification, pyrolysis and combustion Aino Siirala 309141 Assignment submitted
More informationPhysical Environment. There are economic reasons for countries to cut down their rainforests.
Tropical Rainforests Reasons for their Destruction Tropical Rainforests are found in the Amazon Basin of South America, (e.g. Brazil) Central Africa (e.g. Congo) and South East Asia (e.g. Indonesia). There
More informationThe climate cooling potential of different geoengineering options
The climate cooling potential of different geoengineering options Tim Lenton & Naomi Vaughan (GEAR) initiative School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK www.gear.uea.ac.uk
More informationN O T E S. Environmental Forensics. Identification of Natural Gas Sources using Geochemical Forensic Tools. Dispute Scenarios
Environmental Forensics N O T E S V o l u m e 2 9 Identification of Natural Gas Sources using Geochemical Forensic Tools By Paul Boehm, Ph.D. and Tarek Saba, Ph.D. F o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n o
More informationSTUDY GUIDE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GRADE 11
STUDY GUIDE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES GRADE 11 A publication of Impak Onderwysdiens (Pty) Ltd Copyright reserved. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of research, criticism or review as permitted under
More informationAn example: helium isotopes. An example: helium isotopes. Limits to Detection/Measurement. Lecture 14 Measurements II: Mass spectrometry
Limits to Detection/Measurement Ionization is fundamentally a Probabilistic Process Just like radioactive decay So is transmission through the analyzer There is an intrinsic statistical uncertainty Proportional
More informationSURVEY 2015. The Italian Construction Companies in the World EDITED BY ANCE - ITALIAN CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION
SURVEY 2015 The Italian Construction Companies in the World EDITED BY ANCE - ITALIAN CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION Ten years of international growth The international turnover of the Italian Construction Companies
More informationLAB 5 - PLANT NUTRITION. Chemical Ionic forms Approximate dry Element symbol Atomic weight Absorbed by plants tissue concentration
LAB 5 PLANT NUTRITION I. General Introduction All living organisms require certain elements for their survival. Plants are known to require carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus
More informationDefault & quality, performance But What s for?
Training Workshop on SARRA-H Crop Model for English Speaking Meteorological Services in West Africa 24-28 FEBRUARY 214,, Banjul (Gambie) Default & quality, performance But What s for? Présenté par Christian
More informationRemoval of diesel hydrocarbons by constructed wetlands Isotope methods to describe degradation
Removal of diesel hydrocarbons by constructed wetlands Isotope methods to describe degradation Watzinger A. a, Kinner P. a, Hager M. a, Gorfer M. b, and Reichenauer T.G. a a Environmental Resources and
More informationForest carbon sequestration and climate change. Dr Brian Tobin University College Dublin
Forest carbon sequestration and climate change Dr Brian Tobin University College Dublin Overview Sequestration what is it & why important? Role of forests in climate change CARBiFOR research project Forest
More informationDME and LPG. AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 F. Bollon
DME and LPG AEGPL Conference Nice 6-8 June 2007 F. Bollon DME and LPG DME Reminder Specifications Production Utilizations DME and XTL competitors DME (as fuel) is at the gates of Europe DME/LPG blends:
More informationCalifornia Standards Grades 9 12 Boardworks 2009 Science Contents Standards Mapping
California Standards Grades 912 Boardworks 2009 Science Contents Standards Mapping Earth Sciences Earth s Place in the Universe 1. Astronomy and planetary exploration reveal the solar system s structure,
More informationElectricity from Biomass: Indonesia s Potential in the Palm Oil Sector and How to Tap it?
Electricity from Biomass: Indonesia s Potential in the Palm Oil Sector and How to Tap it? Adrisman Tahar Seminar on Energy from Biomass and Biogas in the Agro-industry Hotel Indonesia Kempinski, Jakarta,
More informationKS3 Science: Chemistry Contents
summary KS3 Science MyWorks Guide Chemistry KS3 Science: Chemistry Mini zes: 40 Super zes: 5 Extension zes: 4 Skills zes: 6 TOTAL 54 What are MyWorks zes? MyWorks zes are short individual learning tasks
More informationChapter Test A. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures MULTIPLE CHOICE. chemically combined? MIXs2 a. element b. compound c. mixture d.
Assessment Chapter Test A Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. What is a pure substance made of two or more elements that are
More informationBalancing chemical reaction equations (stoichiometry)
Balancing chemical reaction equations (stoichiometry) This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit
More informationChapter 3: Stoichiometry
Chapter 3: Stoichiometry Key Skills: Balance chemical equations Predict the products of simple combination, decomposition, and combustion reactions. Calculate formula weights Convert grams to moles and
More informationneutrons are present?
AP Chem Summer Assignment Worksheet #1 Atomic Structure 1. a) For the ion 39 K +, state how many electrons, how many protons, and how many 19 neutrons are present? b) Which of these particles has the smallest
More informationIndonesia: Tapping Indonesia's Agrowaste Potential with Innovative Technology
Indonesia: Tapping Indonesia's Agrowaste Potential with Innovative Technology PEP Information Workshop 10. September 2014 www.exportinitiative.bmwi.de Suitable biogas technologies for Indonesia Frank Schillig,
More informationColombia in the world
Colombia in the world Proexport around the world Process of attracting Foreign Direct Investment Proexport offers detailed and professional assistance for investors that find interesting business opportunities
More informationAccounting firm: audit, tax and financial advice
PwC Accounting firm: audit, tax and financial advice Advisory services related to Climate Change and Sustainability: - Due-Diligence for carbon investments - Design and implementation of voluntary emission
More information3:00 p.m.: B1. Spain vs. B2 Netherlands at Arena Fonte Nova, Salvador
Thursday, June 12 4:00 p.m.: A1. Brazil vs. A2. Croatia at Arena Corinthians, São Paulo Friday, June 13 12:00 p.m.: A3. Mexico vs. A4. Cameroon at Estadio das Dunas, Natal 3:00 p.m.: B1. Spain vs. B2 Netherlands
More informationRENEWABLE RESOURCES. Kinds of renewable resources. 1. Solar energy
RENEWABLE RESOURCES Natural resources (also called land or raw materials) occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by mankind, in a natural form. Natural resources are derived
More information[1] [Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616]
Supplementary Information for Multi-generation gas-phase oxidation, equilibrium partitioning, and the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosol Christopher D. Cappa 1, Kevin R. Wilson [1] [Department
More informationThe World Cocoa Economy: Current Status, Challenges and Prospects
MULTI-YEAR EXPERT MEETING ON COMMODITIES AND DEVELOPMENT 9-10 April 2014 The World Cocoa Economy: Current Status, Challenges and Prospects by Dr. Jean-Marc Anga Executive Director International Cocoa Organization
More informationPendulum Business Loan Brokers L.L.C.
BUSINESS BROKERS DEVELOPING COMPONENT PART MANUFACTURING PARTNERSHIPS METAL PLASTIC ELECTRICAL Business Brokers Three (3) Component Part Manufacturing Partnerships Categories Hiram R. Davis Corporate Secretary
More informationRenewable vs. non-renewable energy sources, forms and technologies prepared by. A.Gritsevskyi, IAEA
Renewable vs. non-renewable energy sources, forms and technologies prepared by. A.Gritsevskyi, IAEA Objective of this paper is to provide International Recommendations for Energy Statistics (IRES) with
More informationJapan s Long Term Nuclear Power Policy and Rising Need for Energy in East Asia 1. Shinzo SAITO Vice Chairman Atomic Energy Commission of Japan
Japan s Long Term Nuclear Power Policy and Rising Need for Energy in East Asia 1 Shinzo SAITO Vice Chairman Atomic Energy Commission of Japan Thank you Mr. chairman for your kind introduction. Good Morning
More informationThe Importance of Credit Bureaus in Lending Decisions
The Importance of Credit Bureaus in Lending Decisions Lessons Learned from International Experience Peer Stein, Principal Investment Officer August 24, 2004 Challenges for the Financial Industry Historically:
More informationSURVEY 2010 THE ITALIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN THE WORLD
SURVEY 2010 THE ITALIAN CONSTRUCTION COMPANIES IN THE WORLD edited by the Directorate for Economic Affairs and Studies and Overseas Works and International Relations Office Italian construction companies
More informationForestry Department. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations TEAK RESOURCES AND MARKET ASSESSMENT 2010. (Tectona grandis Linn. F.
Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Planted Forests and Trees Working Paper Series TEAK RESOURCES AND MARKET ASSESSMENT 2010 (Tectona grandis Linn. F.) Walter Kollert,
More informationGlobal Forest Resources Assessment 2015. How are the world s forests changing?
Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 How are the world s forests changing? Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015 How are the world s forests changing? FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED
More informationChemical Proportions in Compounds
Chapter 6 Chemical Proportions in Compounds Solutions for Practice Problems Student Textbook page 201 1. Problem A sample of a compound is analyzed and found to contain 0.90 g of calcium and 1.60 g of
More informationParticulate matter sources in Helsinki area and effects on air quality - an overview
Particulate matter sources in Helsinki area and effects on air quality - an overview Risto Hillamo 1, Topi Rönkkö 2 and Liisa Pirjola 3 1 Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute 2 Department
More informationLIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT ON COTTON AND VISCOSE FIBRES FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTION
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT ON COTTON AND VISCOSE FIBRES FOR TEXTILE PRODUCTION Janka Dibdiakova, Volkmar Timmermann Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute (NFLI) Ås, Norway COST FP1205 Innovative applications
More informationMOLES AND MOLE CALCULATIONS
35 MOLES ND MOLE CLCULTIONS INTRODUCTION The purpose of this section is to present some methods for calculating both how much of each reactant is used in a chemical reaction, and how much of each product
More informationCoral Growth: Photosynthesis & Calcification
Coral Growth: Photosynthesis & Calcification Materials For the leader: Projector Whiteboard to project data graph onto For the activity: Copy of coral data table Computer program to graph in or graphing
More informationThe Empirical Formula of a Compound
The Empirical Formula of a Compound Lab #5 Introduction A look at the mass relationships in chemistry reveals little order or sense. The ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound, while constant,
More informationHydrotreatment and Compound Identification of Distillate Bio-crude Fractions from Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wood
Hydrotreatment and Compound Identification of Distillate Bio-crude Fractions from Continuous Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Wood Claus Uhrenholt Jensen Steeper Energy ApS & Aalborg University Denmark Motivation
More informationTHE ECOSYSTEM - Biomes
Biomes The Ecosystem - Biomes Side 2 THE ECOSYSTEM - Biomes By the end of this topic you should be able to:- SYLLABUS STATEMENT ASSESSMENT STATEMENT CHECK NOTES 2.4 BIOMES 2.4.1 Define the term biome.
More informationCharacteristics of torrefied products and their dependence on process conditions
Characteristics of torrefied products and their dependence on process conditions Ute Wolfesberger-Schwabl OFI Österreichisches Forschungsinstitut für Chemie und Technik 1 Topics Fuel analysis Analysis
More informationThe Future. Trees. climate change and the timber industry ROGER SEDJO
The Future of Trees climate change and the timber industry ROGER SEDJO N Not all the news on global climate change is gloomy. Global production of industrial timber should increase, even in the face of
More informationTools for Sustainable Biobased Projects
Tools for Sustainable Biobased Projects International biobased and bioenergy project development tools This factsheet presents the insights, tools and guidance materials that have been developed in the
More informationMultiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Introduction to Chemistry Exam 2 Practice Problems 1 Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1.Atoms consist principally of what three
More informationCoimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission
2015. M33 Coimisiún na Scrúduithe Stáit State Examinations Commission LEAVING CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION, 2015 CHEMISTRY ORDINARY LEVEL TUESDAY, 16 JUNE AFTERNOON 2.00 TO 5.00 400 MARKS Answer eight questions
More informationForests and Water: A Policy Perspective
Forests and Water: A Policy Perspective David Kaimowitz Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) P.O. Box 6596 JKPWB Jakarta 10065 Indonesia telephone: 62-251-622622 fax: 62-251-622100 dkaimowitz@cgiar.org
More informationInstructors Guide: Atoms and Their Isotopes
Instructors Guide: Atoms and Their Isotopes Standards Connections Connections to NSTA Standards for Science Teacher Preparation C.3.a.1 Fundamental structures of atoms and molecules. C.3.b.27 Applications
More informationEnvironment Situation in Timor-Leste
Environment Situation in Timor-Leste Historically; 1. East-Timor or Timor-Leste, the Portuguese name of the country. 2. It was colonialised by Portuguese 450 years and Occupied by Indonesian 24 years.
More informationBalancing Chemical Equations
Balancing Chemical Equations Academic Success Center Science Tutoring Area Science Tutoring Area Law of Conservation of Mass Matter cannot be created nor destroyed Therefore the number of each type of
More informationChapter 1: Moles and equations. Learning outcomes. you should be able to:
Chapter 1: Moles and equations 1 Learning outcomes you should be able to: define and use the terms: relative atomic mass, isotopic mass and formula mass based on the 12 C scale perform calculations, including
More informationOverview of China s Timber Imports & Exports. Lacey/EUTR Workshop: Barcelona Apr 14, 2015
Overview of China s Timber Imports & Exports Lacey/EUTR Workshop: Barcelona Apr 14, 215 Agenda China s timber imports - Main products? - Main supplier countries? - Hardwood vs softwood China s timber exports
More informationNew Frontiers in the Quality of Medicines
New Frontiers in the Quality of Medicines Workshop Building a partnership for the investigation of counterfeit medicines Moderators: Dr Konstantin Keller Prof. Hendrick J. de Jong EDQM International Conference
More information3: Swedwood Karelia s logging plans are questioned based on the perception that the operation plans to cut HCVF.
21 December 2011 Statement from NEPCon and the Rainforest Alliance regarding the re-certification of Swedwood Karelia LLC (FSC registration code SW-FM/COC-002041) and complaints filed by Protect the Forest
More informationMondelēz International Supply Chain Management for Materials of Potential GMO Origin in EU and Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa (EEMEA) Regions
Mondelēz International Supply Chain Management for Materials of Potential GMO Origin in EU and Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa (EEMEA) Regions Updated July 6th, 2015 Mondelēz International Corporate
More information3 Atomic Structure 15
3 Atomic Structure 15 3.1 Atoms You need to be familiar with the terms in italics The diameter of the nucleus is approximately 10-15 m and an atom 10-10 m. All matter consists of atoms. An atom can be
More informationEarth Sciences -- Grades 9, 10, 11, and 12. California State Science Content Standards. Mobile Climate Science Labs
Earth Sciences -- Grades 9, 10, 11, and 12 California State Science Content Standards Covered in: Hands-on science labs, demonstrations, & activities. Investigation and Experimentation. Lesson Plans. Presented
More informationNorwegian Climate Finance 2010.
Norwegian Climate Finance 2010. In Decision 1/CP.16 (Cancun Agreements AWGLCA outcome), relevant parties were invited to submit information on the resources provided for the fast start period (2010 2012).
More informationChem 1100 Chapter Three Study Guide Answers Outline I. Molar Mass and Moles A. Calculations of Molar Masses
Chem 1100 Chapter Three Study Guide Answers Outline I. Molar Mass and Moles A. Calculations of Molar Masses B. Calculations of moles C. Calculations of number of atoms from moles/molar masses 1. Avagadro
More information2nd IEA Oxyfuel Combustion Conference
2nd IEA Oxyfuel Combustion Conference Oxyfuel Combustion with Hitachi's DST - Burner at Vattenfall's 30Wth Pilot Plant at Schwarze Pumpe S. Rehfeldt, F.-P. Schiffer, P. Weckes, C. Bergins, K.-D. Tigges
More informationToday, we re going to tackle your GUM U7, L2 & L3 Cause and Effect Essay! Chat me your best sentence using the word conscientious.
Good Morning Conscientious 7 th Graders! Today, we re going to tackle your GUM U7, L2 & L3 Cause and Effect Essay! Chat me your best sentence using the word conscientious. Rainforest Destruction: Causes
More informationAmherst County Public Schools. AP Environmental Science Curriculum Pacing Guide. College Board AP Environmental Science Site
Amherst County Public Schools AP Environmental Science Curriculum Pacing Guide College Board AP Environmental Science Site REV: 8/12 1 st 9 weeks AP Objectives Energy Resources and Consumption A. Energy
More informationHow To Make A Plant Oil Stove
Protos The Plant-Oil Cooker: Efficient, Safe, Clean October 2008 JatrophaWorld Samuel Shiroff Agenda Who is BSH? Protos: A more efficient way to cook Business Model and Economics Market Introduction: Bringing
More informationBangladesh Visa fees for foreign nationals
Bangladesh Visa fees for foreign nationals No. All fees in US $ 1. Afghanistan 5.00 5.00 10.00 2. Albania 2.00 2.00 3.00 3. Algeria 1.00 1.00 2.00 4. Angola 11.00 11.00 22.00 5. Argentina 21.00 21.00 42.00
More informationPartnering and Financing Opportunities for Biogas Projects in Developing and Emerging Countries
Partnering and Financing Opportunities for Biogas Projects in Developing and Emerging Countries Clemens Findeisen Consultant for Development Cooperation German Biogas Association Berlin, October 14th,
More informationRevealing the costs of air pollution from industrial facilities in Europe a summary for policymakers
Revealing the costs of air pollution from industrial facilities in Europe a summary for policymakers A new European Environment Agency (EEA report, Revealing the costs of air pollution from industrial
More informationA STUDY OF TERMITES DESTROYING STRUCTURAL WOOD IN HYDERABAD URBAN SYSTEM
A STUDY OF TERMITES DESTROYING STRUCTURAL WOOD IN HYDERABAD URBAN SYSTEM Dr.S.Venkata Rama Raju, M.Sc;M.Ed; M.Phill;Ph.D(in Zoology) H.No. 15-142/1/G7,Sahithi Nest Apartment,P&T colony,dilsukhnagar, Hyderabad
More informationFresh Ideas, New Frontiers
Fresh Ideas, New Frontiers Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability at Universität Hamburg Preface Core Issues and Research Program 2020 Fresh Ideas, New Frontiers Thinking outside the box to
More informationObjectives. PAM1014 Introduction to Radiation Physics. Constituents of Atoms. Atoms. Atoms. Atoms. Basic Atomic Theory
PAM1014 Introduction to Radiation Physics Basic Atomic Theory Objectives Introduce and Molecules The periodic Table Electronic Energy Levels Atomic excitation & de-excitation Ionisation Molecules Constituents
More informationZYMAX NEW FORENSICS ISOTOPE ANALYSIS
ZYMAX NEW FORENSICS ISOTOPE ANALYSIS FOR EFFECTIVE SITE CLEANUP ANSWERS 2 Prepared March TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 2: ZymaX New Isotope Analysis, a Powerful Tool for Site Cleanup Decisions Page 3: Isotopic
More informationAtomic Calculations. 2.1 Composition of the Atom. number of protons + number of neutrons = mass number
2.1 Composition of the Atom Atomic Calculations number of protons + number of neutrons = mass number number of neutrons = mass number - number of protons number of protons = number of electrons IF positive
More informationEnvironmental Science
University of Chicago 1 Environmental Science Program of Study The Department of the Geophysical Sciences offers a BS degree in Environmental Science. The program is intended for students whose interests
More informationAppendix 1: Full Country Rankings
Appendix 1: Full Country Rankings Below please find the complete rankings of all 75 markets considered in the analysis. Rankings are broken into overall rankings and subsector rankings. Overall Renewable
More informationLiquid Biofuels for Transport
page 1/11 Scientific Facts on Liquid Biofuels for Transport Prospects, risks and opportunities Source document: FAO (2008) Summary & Details: GreenFacts Context - Serious questions are being raised about
More informationRegional Atlas: Introduction to South Asia
Name Regional Atlas: Introduction to South Asia Study the map on page 593 of the textbook. 1. The Khyber Pass connects which two countries? CHAPTER 28 2. What capital city is located at 80 E longitude?
More informationPhysical flow accounts: principles and general concepts
Physical flow accounts: principles and general concepts Julian Chow United Nations Statistics Division 1 st Sub-Regional Course on SEEA 23-27 September 2013 Malaysia SEEA Conceptual Framework Outside territory
More informationSOIL TEST LEVELS AND NUTRIENT BUDGETS IN THE WESTERN U.S.
SOIL TEST LEVELS AND NUTRIENT BUDGETS IN THE WESTERN U.S. Robert L. Mikkelsen and Paul E. Fixen Potash & Phosphate Institute ABSTRACT The status of potassium (K) and phosphorus (P) nutrient concentrations
More informationDepartment of Forest and Wood Science. Academic Programmes for 2014. Masters Programme
Department of Forest and Wood Science Academic Programmes for 2014 Masters Programme Enquiries: Contact details: Head of Department Department of Forest and Wood Science Stellenbosch University Private
More informationBalancing Chemical Equations
Why? Balancing Chemical Equations Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction, they are just rearranged. In other words, in a chemical reaction, what goes into the reaction must come
More information13C NMR Spectroscopy
13 C NMR Spectroscopy Introduction Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is the most powerful tool available for structural determination. A nucleus with an odd number of protons, an odd number
More informationHäkäpöntöstä pyrolyysikaasuttimeen Development of woodgas generator
Coal and wood to gas One of the most important technical developments in history was the discovery of gas production from dry-distillation (carbonising/pyrolysing/heating) of coal and wood. The technology
More informationHow To Understand The Human Body
Introduction to Biology and Chemistry Outline I. Introduction to biology A. Definition of biology - Biology is the study of life. B. Characteristics of Life 1. Form and size are characteristic. e.g. A
More informationPrabhat Garg, MBA, PMP. Director, Program Procurement Policy Gargp@mcc.gov 202-521-3715
Prabhat Garg, MBA, PMP Director, Program Procurement Policy Gargp@mcc.gov 202-521-3715 1 What is MCC? The Millennium Challenge Corporation is a U.S. Government agency designed to reduce poverty through
More informationOlefins from Syngas Potential for bio-based applications Dr. Thomas Wurzel, Lurgi GmbH. New Biofuels 2010 23rd-24th June 2010, Berlin, Germany
Olefins from Syngas Potential for bio-based applications Dr. Thomas Wurzel, Lurgi GmbH New Biofuels 2010 23rd-24th June 2010, Berlin, Germany Contents Introduction and motivation The olefin market Options
More informationFSC Certification: Chain of Custody
For more information about FSC chain of custody certification: FSC Certification: Chain of Custody Produced by: FSC International Centre Charles-de-Gaulle Strasse 5 53113 Bonn, Germany Telephone : + 49
More informationCarbon-14 Dating. or, How Old Are Those M&Ms? Number of Undecayed M&Ms
BRSP - 15 Page 1 Carbon-14 Dating or, How Old Are Those M&Ms? One of the tools available to scientists who study ancient climates is called carbon-14 dating (also known as carbon dating or radiocarbon
More informationStart of introducing ICP MS method for analyzing water samples for Strontium. November 27, 2014 Tokyo Electric Power Company
Start of introducing ICP MS method for analyzing water samples for Strontium November 27, 2014 Tokyo Electric Power Company 1. Current Strontium analysis and introduction of various methods Strontium analysis
More informationNew Feedstocks for Biofuels Global market study on Jatropha
New Feedstocks for Biofuels Global market study on Jatropha Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 2008 Berlin, December 2nd, 2008 Kraftstoffe der Zukunft 20008 Berlin GEXSI LLP 2008 1 Content of this presentation 1
More informationSustainable Energy Sources By: Sue Peterson
www.k5learning.com Objective sight words (consumption, terrain, integral, orbit, originated, contemporary, remote); concepts (sustainable, renewable, photovoltaics, gasification) Vocabulary consumption
More informationAdapter Catalog MOBILE METAL ANALYZER. SPECTRO isort and SPECTROTEST
Adapter Catalog MOBILE METAL ANALYZER SPECTRO isort and SPECTROTEST Testing Adapters for Mobile Metal Analyzers A full range of metal analyzer products for onsite metal analysis tasks SPECTRO isort SPECTROTEST
More informationChem 31 Fall 2002. Chapter 3. Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations. Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations
Chem 31 Fall 2002 Chapter 3 Stoichiometry: Calculations with Chemical Formulas and Equations Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations 1. Write Equation in Words -you cannot write an equation unless you
More informationFor example: (Example is from page 50 of the Thinkbook)
SOLVING COMBINED SPECTROSCOPY PROBLEMS: Lecture Supplement: page 50-53 in Thinkbook CFQ s and PP s: page 216 241 in Thinkbook Introduction: The structure of an unknown molecule can be determined using
More informationFirst BTL pre-industrial demonstrator with external hydrogen input SYNDIESE project at Bure-Saudron
First BTL pre-industrial demonstrator with external hydrogen input SYNDIESE project at Bure-Saudron 4 th BTL Conference Berlin 1./2.12.2010 J.Imbach, Th. Pussieux Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy
More information