Facts About Finnish Poultry Production

Transcription

1 Campylobacter in Finnish poultry production in the 2000 s. Ann-Katrin Llarena, ELL, PhD Student Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health University of Helsinki EHYT/ Ann-Katrin Llarena/ Campylobacters in Finnish poultry

2 Overview Background Chicken production in Finland Methods Results Conclusions EHYT/ Ann-Katrin Llarena/ Campylobacters in Finnish poultry

3 Why study broilers? Poultry production and products main source of human infection share genotypes w human infections Chicken symptomless carry 10^8 CFU/g caecum/small intestine à Campylobacter pos carcass (Sahin et al. 2002) At retail Why? Slaughterprocess Defeathering and evisceration à Fecal spill Moist environment Spray cooling But: Air chilling (Finland) only chicken products contaminated w/ relevant numbers of Campylobacter(EFSA) Optimal ecological niche on the chicken carcass Feather follicles Skin folds Source: Ellerbroek et al., 2010, Hermans 2012 EHYT/ Ann-Katrin Llarena/ Campylobacters in Finnish poultry

4 Broiler production in Finland Grandparents Ross 308 Imported quarantine Approx 10 farms Parent generation the Breeders Making of the broiler-egg Approx 35 farms Hatcheries 21 days Approx 4 hatcheries Rearing Growing the broiler we buy Approx 140 farms each year Target point of this study Source: Suomen Siipikarjanliitto ry & Suomen Broileryhdistys ry Slaughter - Atria (2 abattoirs) - Hk Scan (1 abattoir) EHYT/ Ann-Katrin Llarena/ Campylobacters in Finnish poultry

5 Key numbers from Rearing Production 104,5mill kg 2014 Average sized farm birds Raised in halls days of growing All-in, All-out : No depopulation 28,8mill kg 1990 Consumption 18.5kg 7.6kg Source: OSF:Luke, Meat production, Gallup Elintarviketieto,WP5.1 CamCon EHYT/ Ann-Katrin Llarena/ Campylobacters in Finnish poultry

6 Finnish monitoring program of 2004 Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön asetus broilereiden kampylobakteerivalvonnasta, Asetus nro 10/EEO/2007 Compulsory for all broiler slaughterhouses Sample size: All slaughter batches between June and October Random testing rest of the year 10 intact ceca per slaughter batch Pooled Test for C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari Broiler batch: a group (or batch) of broilers of same age reared together in one hall and slaughtered on the same day. Source: Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön asetus broilereiden kampylobakteerivalvonnasta, Asetus nro 10/EEO/

7 Aims Baseline study C. jejuni population in Finnish broilers Effects of year, season and abattoir on C. jejuni genotypes Link genotype and farm information evidence of an existing persistent contamination source? EläinlEHYT/ Ann-Katrin Llarena/ Campylobacters in Finnish poultry

8 Methods Cooperation with Evira PhD Marjaana Hakkinen Only C. jejuni handled Isolates through the Finnish monitoring programme MLST and PFGE (Evira) type strains from 5 years 9 year period 2004, 2006*, 2007*, 2008, 2012 (*de Haan et al. 2010) Regression analysis: Outcome: ST or CC, Variables; Year, Month, Slaughterhouse (Cooperation w Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané laboratory) 7894 batches 420 C. jejuni+ (3.1% (95% CI [2.1%, 4.1%]) ) 380 MLST (90.5%) Korzcak et al. Miller et al. WGS - Illumina 366 PFGE (87.1%) SmaI KpnI

9 Results 1/4 Occurrence of C. jejuni Prevalence June- October 5.6% 5.0% 6.6% 6.4% 5.3% Prevalence November May subsequent year 0.0% A 0.0% 0.0% 3.2% 1.6% Seasonal distribution from all years 82-95% during summer EHYT/ Ann-Katrin Llarena/ Campylobacters in Finnish poultry Source: EFSA- Reports

10 Results 2/4 MLST diverse population with ST-45 CC dominant in all years <5% UA 21 <5% 45 S4, S55, S66, S S64, S CCs STs v

11 Results 3/4 Regression analysis Variable Year ST-45 CC: More in 2004 and 2012 ST-21 CC: More in 2008 ST-677 CC: No effect Outcome ST-45 CC ST-21 CC ST-677 CC ST-45 Variable Season : CC: No effect ST-45: More from Sep compared to spring Variable abattoir ST-45 CC Less in B ST-21 CC Less in A ST-677 CC No effect Eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta / Henkilön nimi / Esityksen nimi

12 Results 4/4 Farm data GOOD SITUATION! Approx 140 farms each year 72.2% annualy did not deliver any C. jejuni pos. batches! 60% of pos. only in one year Most delivered just one pos batch Multiple batch farms 48.2% of these farms - within one rearing cycle Often same genotype (MLST and PFGE) Houseà house contamination Multiple years: Different genotypes each year Kuvaa ei voi näyttää. Tietokoneen muisti ei ehkä riitä kuvan avaamiseen, tai kuva on vioittunut. Käynnistä tietokone uudelleen ja avaa sitten tiedosto uudelleen. Jos punainen x-merkki tulee edelleen näkyviin, kuva on ehkä poistettava ja lisättävä uudelleen. Kuvaa ei voi näyttää. Tietokoneen muisti ei ehkä riitä kuvan avaamiseen, tai kuva on vioittunut. Käynnistä tietokone uudelleen ja avaa sitten tiedosto uudelleen. Jos punainen x-merkki tulee edelleen näkyviin, kuva on ehkä poistettava ja lisättävä uudelleen. ST NO! ST ??

13 Time-period Farms Year Month A12 A19 B1 B5 C5 C8 C June ST-50/ S90 S ST-45*/ S66 S July ST-45*/ S7 ST-451/ S5 ST-230/ K36 ST-230/ nd Aug ST-677/ S8 ST-1539/ S96 S ST-3477/ K60 S Sep Oct Nov ST-53/ S1 S ST-4596/ K78 S ST-4596/ K78 ST-45/ S54 S ST-230/ K36 S ST-230/ K59 S ST-677/ S64 S 2006 June ST-45/ S64 ST-267/ S54 S ST-583/ S64 S July ST-267/ S64 S ST-267/ S102 S ST-267/ K36 S ST-45*/ S14 S Aug ST-267/ K36 ST-3453/ S162 S ST-50/ S101 S Sep ST-45/ S74 S ST-45/ S54 S ST-45/ S4 S ST-586/ S13 Oct RED: Carry over / same time rearing houseà house / shared source Yellow: Variance btw houses on a farm

14 Conclusion Take home messages C. jejuni in chickens Low prevalence of C. jejuni on Finnish broiler farms Month, year and abattoir mildly influences the C.jejuni population in broilers Diverse population but predominant genotypes ST-45 CC much more common in Finland than abroad ST-677 CC Nordic specialist? On Farms Effective hygiene barriers on Finnish farms à rare and sporadic contamination pattern of chicken flocks No persistent contamination on farms From the environment House to house do occur Only improvement point Eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta / Henkilön nimi / Esityksen nimi

15 Aknowledgement ELL Kaija Sivonen OPEN ACCESS Citation: Llarena A-K, Huneau A, Hakkinen M, Hänninen M-L (2015) Predominant Campylobacter jejuni Sequence Types Persist in Finnish Chicken Production. PLoS ONE 10(2): e doi: /journal.pone Academic Editor: Igor Mokrousov, St. Petersburg Pasteur Institute, RUSSIAN FEDERATION Received: September 17, 2014 Accepted: December 11, 2014 Published: February 20, 2015 Copyright: 2015 Llarena et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use,distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Funding: This work was supported by Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry grant [No. MMM2054/312/11] and by Coordination of European Research on Emerging and Major Infectious Diseases of Livestock (EMIDA ERA-NET) (Dnro 776/ 312/2012) through the project entitled Biology and Control of Campylobacter in the Chicken Supply Chain (CamChain). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. RESEARCH ARTICLE Predominant Campylobacter jejuni Sequence Types Persist in Finnish Chicken Production Ann-Katrin Llarena 1 *, Adeline Huneau 2, Marjaana Hakkinen 3, Marja-Liisa Hänninen 1 1 Department of Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, 2 Anses, Ploufragan-Plouzané laboratory, BP 53, 22440, Ploufragan, France, 3 Food and Feed Microbiology Research Unit, Research and Laboratory Department, Finnish Food Safety Authority, Evira, Helsinki, Finland These authors contributed equally to this work. * ann-katrin.llarena@helsinki.fi Abstract Consumption and handling of chicken meat are well-known risk factors for acquiring campylobacteriosis. This study aimed to describe the Campylobacter jejuni population in Finnish chickens and to investigate the distribution of C. jejuni genotypes on Finnish chicken farms over a period of several years. We included 89.8% of the total C. jejuni population recovered in Finnish poultry during 2004, 2006, 2007,2008,and 2012 and used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to characterize the 380 isolates.the typing data was combined with isolate information on collection-time and farm of origin. The C. jejuni prevalence in chicken slaughter batches was low (mean 3.0%, CI 95% [1.8%, 4.2%]), and approximately a quarter of Finnish chicken farms delivered at least one positive chicken batch yearly. In general, the C. jejuni population was diverse as represented by a total of 63 sequence types (ST), but certain predominant MLST lineages were identified. ST-45 clonal complex (CC)accounted for 53% of the isolates while ST-21 CC and ST-677 CC covered 11% and 9% of the isolates,respectively.less than half of the Campylobacter positive farms (40.3%) delivered C. jejuni-contaminated batches in multiple years,but the genotypes (ST and PFGE types)generally varied from year to year. Therefore, no evidence for a persistent C. jejuni source for the colonization of Finnish chickens emerged. Finnish chicken farms are infrequently contaminated with C. jejuni compared to other European Union (EU) countries, making Finland a valuable model for further epidemiological studies of the C. jejuni in poultry flocks. Introduction Campylobacter spp. is the most common causative agent for bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, including Finland [1,2]. In 1999, campylobacteriosis surpassed the number of salmonellosis cases, and has since been the nation s most important bacterial zoonosis with 4064 registered Finnish cases in 2013 [3,4]. The majority of cases (95%) are caused by Campylobacter jejuni, which upon ingestion normally results in a self-limiting gastroenteritis, and the number of cases peaks during the summer months of July and August [5]. Ass. Professor Mirko Rossi The research group Funding: Era-Net CamChain grant Camcon Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry PLOS ONE DOI: /journal.pone February 20, / 18 Eläinlääketieteellinen tiedekunta / Henkilön nimi / Esityksen nimi