Vesta A Closer Look. Ronald Stewart and Francis Benot'i. Authors' Notes

Transcription

1 Vesta A Closer Look Ronald Stewart and Francis Benot'i Authors' Notes Ronald Stewart - is President and research scientist of Stewart Research. Stewart Research has funded the research into this scientific paper. Francis Benot'i, he a retired, however still writes in astronomy / astrobiology and planetary sciences. Program Special Note - Because many images in this paper have small intricate detail it is recommended to use the magnification tool icon on the PDF document in viewing these images. Secondly, the publisher of this research paper may decided to show more detailed images are in a slide show entitled : "The Vesta Dwarf Planet Demonstration ". A URL next to this paper in (PDF document form), will direct readers to this slide show. Correspondence regarding this research paper, or any questions you have should be directed to Ronald Stewart, at - - profronstewart@cyberglyphics.com.

2 Vesta A Closer Look 2 Abstract NASAs' Dawn Spacecrafts' encounter with the dwarf planet asteroid planet known as Vesta has finally come true after a four year journey to this dwarf planet which started in This research paper will present and demonstrate images showing very close-up views of Vestas' surface topography before the Dawn Spaceacraft takes up an orbit around the dwarf planet in order to captivate images of Vestas' surface as well. A new imaging process known as IMMI-(Infinite - Microscopic -Macroscopic Imaging)- was used to take these images of Vesta.(See important footnote below).this new data, images, and evidence are also consistent with other published research papers such as : (Russell et al., 2004) and (Tricarico P. and M. V. Sykes M. V (2010) in which in these research papers are correct in their investigative results when they present and demonstrate that Vesta : "Enables a study of the earliest stages of planetary development for an object that formed dry (Vesta) and another that formed with substantial amounts of water (Ceres). ".These research papers again consistent with the images presented in this scientific research paper which also shows that Vesta is dry, rocky, and has many impact craters upon it (much like earths' moon).however, at the samr time in Dawns' next mission to Ceres in July, 2012 after leaving Vesta when dawn gets to ceres in 2015 most likely wil find the opposite conditions on ceres whcih will be that Ceres has a substantial amount of water. Keywords : Keywords: Vesta, Ceres, Dwarf Planets, Discovery Program, Electric Propulsion, Gravitational Perturbations, Spacecraf Operations

3 Vesta A Closer Look 3 Introduction A chronological history of the Dawn Spacecraft mission is necessary,. in order to understand that what has taken place has an effect on the mission to the dwarf planet/ asteroid known as Vesta.. Especially, when it comes to any and all data, images, and evidence that has come about since the Dawn spacecraft has come close in making it's orbit around Vesta as it investigates the origins of our solar system. Therefore, it is important for this research paper to propose, present, and demonstrate in new data and images what the Dawn spacecraft investigation and study of Vesta will not show the world. In order to help give a different perspective of some other areas of scientific research that are just as important in like manner what the Dawn spacecraft is accomplishing as well. Therefore, new hypotheses, theories, and evidence in images and investigative scientific research areas NASA will not show are not because NASA could not show these things. Rather, it is that the IMMI has the capability to show other research other than what NASA presents to help give a wider and broader perspective in what is learned about Vesta, as never seen before. Therefore a chronological order of what has also happened in the Dawn mission outside what is currently recognized or realized this research paper is able to provide additional new data and evidence about the Dawn spacecraft mission that will only compliment what the Dawn spacecraft finds out as well. What is listed first is what NASA has remarkably been able to accomplish between the dates of 2007when the Dawn Spacecraft was first launched until the day prior to when it's first images of Vesta started coming through at a distance of over 144,000 kilometers or 88, 848 miles on June 24th,2011 from Vesta. This is as follows : [1.0] - Where Vesta Was When Imaged Between 1/31/ June 23rd, 2011 In 2007 Vesta lifted off to start it's long many years mission to explore areas in and around the sun and then head on a special journey to the proto planets known as Vesta and Ceres.

4 Vesta A Closer Look 4 January 31rst, Spacecraft and Operations Team Practice for Vesta. In addition to thrusting most of this month, the spacecraft executed a rehearsal of one of the activities it will need to perform in its low altitude mapping orbit at Vesta. The operations team spent a week handling simulated problems during the approach phase to Vesta. February 28th, Mission controllers conducted another test of the spacecraft's capability to operate in orbit around the giant asteroid. March 31, Dawn was commanded by navigators to check out it's thrusters and had dawn align them with the earth. Than calculated the radio signal and were able to determine that Dawn was traveling at a speed toward Vesta at about 13, 000-MPH Final Checkouts Before Vesta. April 30, As usual, Dawn thrust for most of the month, bringing its orbit around the sun still closer to Vesta's orbit. Dawn is now only 3.4 times farther from Vesta than the moon is from Earth. The spacecraft is approaching Vesta at less than 0.39 kilometers per second (870 mph). May 10, The approach phase is going smoothly. Dawn stopped thrusting today for its second opportunity to acquire images of Vesta for use in navigation. In addition, the visible and infrared mapping spectrometer observed Vesta for the first time. Dawn is one million kilometers (620,000 miles) from Vesta. June 1, Dawn continues to devote most of its time to thrusting with its ion propulsion system. Today it conducted its fifth session of acquiring images of Vesta for use in navigation. Dawn is 470,000 kilometers (290,000 miles) from Vesta today and approaching it at 220 meters per second (490 mph).

5 Vesta A Closer Look 5 June 23rd, The Dawn Spacecraft closes in on Vesta and is preparing to take it's first images of Vesta as it's is about 144,000 kilometers from Vesta at this point or about 88,848.0 miles from Vesta. The next day is when it captured it's first images of Vesta. Fig. 1 - (A-D) - (A) Is Vesta as seen through (HST) /2006.(B) Is The Dawn Spacecraft on when it took this image of Vesta on or about 6/23/11. (C) Is the black and white original image that The Dawn Spacecraft took of Vesta on or about 7/09/2011, when of course it was much closer to the multi-colored dwarf planet. It is important to understand, that the reason for needing to take the image of an anomally in outer space at the correct calculated time is so the difference in what is seen in image (B) would be able to look more like image (C). In other words, if the aforementioned was applied, when the image (B) was taken by the Dawn Spacecraft on or about 6/23/2011 it would have more of the appearance of image (C). (D) Was imaged by IMMI as seen in a great detail and color variation.

6 Vesta A Closer Look 6 Fig. 2 - The dawn Spacecraft took the image to the left on or about June 24th, 2011 (Right) IMMI.when the spacecraft was about 141,000 to 144,000 kilometers or 88, 478 miles away from Vesta. The Dawn Spacecraft was straining too hard when Vesta weas still to far away to be photographed. The image on the left has lost more than twenty-five percent of it's image data because of this problem This can also be a problem with any camera system if the timing is not just right. The on board Dawn Spacecraft camera was zooming in on Vesta at that time at it' maximum remote imaging capacity. This can be seen because the image to the left that IMMI produced of the same image demonstrates pixelation approximately in the center of the image where the blue topography of Vesta is seen. Such pixelation and zooming in this hard with the camera causes loss of data information and will not as good of an image to be produced at this type of remote imaging. If the camera would have zoomed in at the correct preprogramed moment the image would have come out much clearer (Stewart R., (1977). (" A Study In The Supplemental Camera Attachements and Their Capabilities and Limitations and When To PhotographOn Earth and In Space Exploration ), Elkins Institute Photography and Imaging).

7 Vesta A Closer Look 7 Fig. 3-(A-B) - (A) is the image that the Dawn spacecraft took on or about July 09th, (B) is what IMMI was able to show pertaining to the same image in color.

8 Vesta A Closer Look 8 Fig. 4 - Above is a large image produced from IMMI that presents and demonstrates what Vesta looks like.

9 Vesta A Closer Look 9 Fig Top half of Vestaf

10 Vesta A Closer Look 10 Fig. 6- The bottom half of Vesta.

11 Vesta A Closer Look 11 Fig. 7 - The left top quarter of Vesta in the image taken from this position.

12 Vesta A Closer Look 12 Fig. 8 - (A) is the right top quarter of Vesta. In the image taken from this position. The light blue part of what is seen in the image above could be suggestive evidence that what is seen is a mixture of frozen nitrogen and H20 that is in a large frozen mountain range upon the surface of vestal. The light greenish and gray color could be rock. (B) is a evidently is an impact crater that hit the surface of Vesta very hard and the white colored impact impression around the crater cavity can be seen in like manner. The next image will present and demonstrate a close up of that impact crater and the white impact impression around the cavity in much more detail..

13 Vesta A Closer Look 13 Fig. 9 - presents a projected image of the upper right top quarter of Vesta. Demonstrating detail of what may be a mixture nitrogen and H20. Deep impact craters can be seen as well. (Stewart R., (1977). (" A Study In The Supplemental Camera Attachements and Their Capabilities and Limitations and When To PhotographOn Earth and In Space Exploration ).

14 Vesta A Closer Look 14 Fig Presents the left lower bottom quarter of Vesta. Striking detail can be seen in very deep impact craters, fissures and other remarkable detail of the surface topography that Vesta illustrates. Some of the impact craters are evidently very old and large.

15 Vesta A Closer Look 15 Fig. 11- Presents and deomonstrates a sky blue color, which could be according to IMMI spectrography and spectrometry could be the combinational mixture and prescence of nitrogen and oxegen. The blue textured swirl like ridges that are formulated on the south polar hemisphere of vesta could be due to very slight gravitational and magnetic field prescence over time. (Stewart R., (1977). (" A Study In The Supplemental Camera Attachements and Their Capabilities and Limitations and When To Photograph On Earth and In Space Exploration ).

16 Vesta A Closer Look 16 Fig. 12- (A-B) - (A) is Vesta as the image was taken by the Dawn Spacecraft at over 77,000 miles away from Vesta. The yellow arrow points the next area that will be investigated. This dark brown to red colored area is very interesting. However, what is it? could it be a mountain range on Vesta? Or is it perhaps a very ancient old extinct volcano demonstrating that at one Vesta may have had geo thermal activity when it was first formed? (B) presents Vesta turned slightly to the right, in a right clock-wise rotation. So that the area where the yellow area points to under (B) will be better seen, so it may be more readily studied to see exactly what this topographical feature on Vesta either may be determined as to what this specific topographical feature may be on Vesta or not.

17 Vesta A Closer Look 17 Fig display topographical surface features that have some resemblance to an elevated mountain range. However, more detail should become more prevalent as IMMI allows another close investigation at this geological topographical feature that rises high above the surface of Vesta, as will be seen in Fig. 14.(Consolmagno, G. J., and Britt, D. T. (1998) propose, presents, and demonstrates in this technical research paper that the density and porosity of meteorites from the Vatican collection. which was reported and published in : " Meteoritics and Planetary Science " clearly give hypothetical and theoretical models and observational and microscopic examination of the same types of meterorites found in the vactican collection and surmize that these came from the dwarf planet Vesta that contend to have very similar porous appaearnce as seen here on Vesta in Fig

18 Vesta A Closer Look 18 Fig The top northern hemisphere presents and demonstrates what seems to resemble an extraordinarilly large topographical surface area that could be a vastly large accumulation of smaller mountains on one larger mountain like shaped mountain range. A mountain range that is in the shape and geologiocal morphological formnation as seen above no doubt has never been seen before.

19 Vesta A Closer Look 19 Fig A much closer look at what was seen in Fig. 14. regarding to what resembles a mountain range or either one exceptionally large mountain at the top of the northern hemisphere of Vesta. No doubt the about of equalizing thust forces and counter balances it takes the above mountain and /or mountain range acts as a counter balance to keep Vesta in it's current vertical uporight position. The green colored rock geological formational areas on top of the brown to beige colored under lying sub-surface features and characteristics of this mountain and / or mountain range have an appearance and resemblance to a much more massive non-porous base sildi surface area, than what is seen in the upper green colored rock formational areas of this surface feature of vesta in like manner. The larger porous cavity like areas in the brownish to beige colored rock formations most likely are extremelly large craters caused by meteors hitting the surface over a very significant amount of time.. However, another observation this paper proposes, presents and demonstrates, is that the green mountainous rock formation area seem to present evidence of as much crater activity.

20 Vesta A Closer Look 20 Fig shows a yellow arrow which points to the next area that will be investigated. This is in the topographical geological formation on Vesta that could resemble the eye of a bird's face and beak. This is attaining an extreme close up of this area on the surface of Vesta. The tip of the yellow arrow points to the inside of the cavity area will be seen.(use the magnification tool in the pdf document).

21 Vesta A Closer Look 21 Fig In this image the yellow arrow points to the area that will be investigated next as IMMI a attains a much closer look.

22 Vesta A Closer Look 22 Fig The area above that could resemble the eye of a bird is at this point very close to the surface of Vesta. In the next image where the tip of the aqua colored arrow points to, will show the inside of a cavity like area in what resembles the eye of a bird, also seen in Fig. 18. The surface feature where ther aqua arrow points to is again most unusual. It apears that there is an equally left sized cavity on the opposite side of this surface feature. Features like this are further explained in (Mc Cord Thomas B. et al (1970).

23 Vesta A Closer Look 23 Fig Specifically presents the topographical geological surface area feature of Vesta, which is being investigated and studied and shown in the red square. Whereas a closer look at this area with much more detail can be seen in the larger image projection seen to the right. The area that could resemble the eye of a bird at a distance when looking at it shows on the right side of the projection what also represents some sort of natural geological land formation archway, in like manner as a person would see on earth..

24 Vesta A Closer Look 24 Fig shows an enlarged projection of a bird-like eye land formation onvesta's surface.an opposite opening is seen on the left side. Bibliography (In Alphabetical Order) 1). - (Asmar, S. et al (2009). Asmar, S., Konopliv, A., Bills, B., Park, R., Raymond, C., Russell, C., Smith, D., Zuber, M Simulations of Dawn Gravity for Vesta and Ceres And Implications For Interior Structure. AAS/Division for Planetary Sciences Meeting Abstracts 41, # ). -(Britt, D. T. and Consolmagno, G.J., (2004). Meteorite Porosities and Densities: A Review of Trends in the Data. Lunar and Planetary Institute Science Conference Abstracts 35, 2108.

25 Vesta A Closer Look 25 3).- (Britt, D. T. et al, (2002). Yeomans, D., Housen, K., Consolmagno, G Asteroid Density, Porosity, and Structure. Asteroids III ).- (Consolmagno, G. J., and Britt, D. T. (1998). The density and porosity of meteorites from the Vatican collection. Meteoritics and Planetary Science 33, ). - (Davis, D. R., et al 1985).Chapman, C. R., Weidenschilling, S. J., Greenberg, R Collisional history of asteroids: Evidence from Vesta and the Hirayama families. Icarus 62, Everhart, E An efficient integrator that uses Gauss-Radau spacings. Dynamics of Comets: 6). - (Mc Cord Thomas B. et al (1970). Thomas B. McCord, John B. Adams, and Torrence V. Johnson.- Asteroid Vesta: Spectral Reflectivity and Compositional Implications (1970)-and Torrence V. Johnson. Science # 19 June, ). - Chips off of Asteroid 4 Vesta: Evidence for the Parent Body of Basaltic Achondrite Meteorites Richard P. Binzel and Shui Xu Science 9 April 1993: ). - (Feierberg M.A. and Drake M.J. (1980).The Meteorite-Asteroid Connection: The Infrared Spectra of Eucrites, Shergottites, and Vesta. Science 15 August 1980: ). - Stewart R., (1976). ("Photographic Formats Solving The Problems"). (Theses In Photography,Imaging and Electronics), Elkins Institute, San Antonio, Texas. 10). - Stewart R,., (1977). ("A Study On Imaging Concepts and Applications In Solving Graininess and Loss of Resolution In Round

26 Vesta A Closer Look 26 Pixelated Photography"), Elkins Institute, (Department of The Study of Photography and Imaging), San Antonio, Texas. 11). - Stewart R., (1977). (" A Study In The Supplemental Camera Attachements and Their Capabilities and Limitations and When To Photograph), Elkins Institute Department of The Study of Photography and Imaging), San Antonio, Texas 12). - (Tricaricoa, P.(2010).The Dynamical Environment of Dawn at Vesta P. Tricaricoa,, M. V. Sykesa a Planetary Science Institute, 1700 E. Ft. Lowell Rd. Ste. 106, Tucson AZ ). - (Turrini D. et al (2010). Probing the history of Solar System through the cratering records on Vesta and Ceres Other Notes - Acknowledgements The authors of this research paper would like to thank all of the scientists who have contributed to the scientific research either in the publications of their papers or in research involved with NASA and in the Dawn Spacecraft program which are providing a wealth of information about Vesta and the early formation of our solar system. Vitae Professor Ronald Stewart is President of Stewart Research and is also a reesearch scientist.into Imagining and Optics, Space Exploration, Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental, Ecological, Biological, Geological, Bio-fuels, Energy, Engineering, Space Exploration, Astronomy, and Astrobiology History and Archaeolgy. (See Biography at)-

27