for the effective treatment of acne

Transcription

1 for the effective treatment of acne

2 for the effective treatment of acne Isotane works by reducing the amount of sebum (an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in your skin), reducing bacteria, reducing inflammation and opening clogged pores What is acne? Acne is a common skin condition that is prevalent mainly in teenagers, although it can affect some people into their 40 s. Most people at some point in their lives suffer from some form of acne. Acne is a condition that affects the skin s oil glands (sebaceous glands). It is most common on the face but can also occur on the shoulders, back, chest, arms and bottom. There are two main types of acne: mild or non-inflammatory; and severe or inflammatory. Mild acne is defined by closed comedones (whiteheads) or open comedones (blackheads). Comedones are hair follicles that have become plugged with fatty material. This fatty material consists of sebum (an oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands) and keratin (dead skin cells). Severe acne is defined by the following: papules (small pink bumps), pustules (small round red lesions that contain visible pus), and nodules (red hard painful lumps under the skin). Severe or inflammatory acne can penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin and result in permanent scarring. What causes acne? There are several contributing factors to acne: hormones, bacteria, increased sebum production, and changes within the hair follicle. During puberty or adolescence there is an increase in the production of sex hormones (mainly androgens and testosterone). This causes the sebaceous glands to produce increased amounts of sebum. Also during puberty, the skin cells lining the hair follicle shed at a faster rate, increasing the probability that the sebum and skin cells present will stick together and result in blockage of the hair follicle. The number of bacteria on the skin surface also increases during puberty. Young men are more likely to have severe, longer lasting acne than women due to higher levels of testosterone. Young women are prone to cycles of acne due to hormonal changes that occur during their menstrual cycle. Other factors that may contribute to acne include: use of greasy or oily cosmetics; a family history of acne; use of certain medicines such as glucocorticoids, iodides, lithium, bromides or anticonvulsants; abrasion caused by over-vigorous scrubbing; frequent shaving or other manipulation to the skin; exposure to airborne pollutants; and exposure to high heat and humidity. Acne treatment It is best to talk to your doctor or dermatologist (skin specialist doctor) about the correct treatment for your acne. Some of the treatment options they may give you are mentioned below: Topical treatment For treatment of mild to moderate acne, topical treatment may be given. The most common topical treatment is benzoyl peroxide. This can be bought from your pharmacy with or without a prescription, or your supermarket. Other topical treatments include prescription medicines such as antibiotic lotions. These topical treatments are often sufficient to reduce inflammation and unblock pores. Treatment periods will vary between patients but normally last between 2-4 weeks. Oral treatment For treatment of moderate to severe acne, oral treatment may be given. Isotretinoin, the active ingredient in Isotane, is an oral treatment commonly prescribed by doctors and dermatologists. Isotretinoin belongs to a group of medicines called retinoids which are Vitamin A derivatives. It works by reducing the amount of sebum (an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in your skin), reducing bacteria, reducing inflammation and opening clogged pores. Other oral treatments for moderate to severe acne include oral antibiotics and hormonal contraceptive pills. Oral antibiotics (eg. doxycycline, minocycline) work by reducing the amount of bacteria on your skin. Hormonal contraceptive pills help in the regulation of hormones such as the androgens during puberty.

3 Skin care The most commonly experienced side effects while taking isotretinoin are skin side effects. Most patients will notice side effects such as dry lips and dry skin. Dry eyes and a dry nose may also occur. The good news is that these side effects can be controlled and relieved by following a good skin care routine. Below are some guidelines that may help in alleviating the symptoms of dry skin. General Care Limit shower time to minimise exposure of your skin to water Avoid harsh soaps Use lukewarm water when washing your face Regularly moisturise your face and body Refrain from picking or squeezing pimples Avoid waxing (as a means of hair removal), dermabrasion (medical removal of layers of skin), facial peels and electrolysis while taking Isotane and for at least six months after stopping Isotane. Your skin may be more sensitive and fragile during this time. These treatments may cause scarring or dermatitis (inflammation of the skin). Sun Sensitivity Do not expose your skin to sunlight for long periods Use a sunscreen, 30+ and oil-free is the best option Cover up, such as wearing a hat and a long sleeved t-shirt Do not sun bathe. Dry Eyes If you wear contact lenses you may experience dry eyes. It is recommended that you wear your lenses for shorter periods of time, clean your lenses regularly or wear glasses instead. Using artificial tears or an eye lubricant can help with this. Dry Lips Dry lips are a common side effect of Isotane. Regularly applying a lip balm or cream, that contains a sunscreen, can help with this. Dry Nose This is usually mild but can cause nosebleeds in some patients. Applying petroleum jelly with a cotton bud can help keep the nose and nasal cavity moist. If you are experiencing frequent nosebleeds, please see your doctor or dermatologist for further advice. Dry Vagina This can cause discomfort during sexual intercourse. A lubricant can help with this. Dry Anus Some patients experience irritation and dryness around this area. Petroleum jelly can help with this. Dry Hair You may find that your hair and scalp are dryer than normal. Using an anti-dandruff shampoo during this period should help in controlling this. Avoid using hair colouring or perming products while taking Isotane, as your hair and scalp may be more sensitive during this period. Isotretinoin 10 mg and 20 mg Capsules Consumer medicine information What is in this leaflet This leaflet answers some common questions about Isotane. It does not contain all the available information. It does not take the place of talking to your doctor or pharmacist. All medicines have risks and benefits. Your doctor has weighed the risks of you taking Isotane against the benefits they expect it will have for you. If you have any concerns about taking this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Keep this leaflet with the medicine. You may need to read it again. What Isotane is used for Isotane contains the active ingredient, isotretinoin. Isotretinoin belongs to a group of medicines called retinoids which are vitamin A derivatives. It works by reducing the amount of sebum (an oily substance produced by the sebaceous glands in your skin), reducing bacteria, reducing inflammation and opening clogged pores. There are many different types of medicines used to treat acne. Isotane is used for more severe cases that are resistant to other forms of treatment. It is available only with a doctor s prescription and is usually prescribed by dermatologists (skin specialist doctors). Ask your doctor if you have any questions about why this medicine has been prescribed for you. Your doctor may have prescribed it for another reason. Before you take Isotane Do not take Isotane if you: are pregnant are breast-feeding have kidney or liver disease have an excessive amount of vitamin A in the diet, (hypervitaminosis A) are taking tetracycline antibiotics have very high levels of fat (triglycerides, cholesterol) in your blood have an allergy to any medicine containing isotretinoin have an allergy to any other retinoids, including Vitamin A or any of the ingredients listed at the end of this leaflet are a child under 13 years. Do not take this medicine after the expiry date printed on the pack or if the packaging is torn or shows signs of tampering. If it has expired or is damaged, return it to your pharmacist for disposal. If you are not sure whether you should start taking this medicine, talk to your doctor.

4 Advice for female patients Do not take this medicine if you are pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking Isotane, there is an extremely high risk that your baby will be severely deformed. Effective birth control must be used. Do not breast-feed if you are taking this medicine. The active ingredient in Isotane passes into breast milk and there is a possibility that your baby may be affected. Pregnancy testing should be performed before, during (every month is strongly recommended) and for a month after treatment has finished. If you become pregnant while taking Isotane, stop taking it and tell your doctor immediately. You must use effective birth control starting at least one month before you begin taking Isotane, for the whole time you are taking Isotane and for one month after you finish Even if you are infertile or not sexually active, effective birth control is recommended. If you take further courses of Isotane after completing the initial treatment, you must ensure that each time you take Isotane you use effective birth control starting at least one month before treatment, for the whole time during treatment and for one month after you have finished Advice for male patients Do not share your medication with anyone, particularly not females. Isotretinoin treatment does not appear to damage sperm. Although isotretinoin and its metabolites are present in very low levels in your semen, these levels are considered too low to harm the unborn baby of your female partner. No specific contraceptive precautions are necessary for men. Before you start to take it Tell your doctor if you: are depressed (have feelings of deep sadness and unworthiness or feel down ), or have felt this way in the past have abnormal thoughts or behaviour or a mental illness, or have had them in the past have thoughts about harming yourself (suicidal thoughts or tendencies), or have had them in the past drink large amounts of alcohol are taking the mini-pill, a progesterone-only oral contraceptive pill intend to undertake regular vigorous exercise have allergies to any other medicines, foods, preservatives or dyes have any other health problems, especially the following: you are considerably overweight; have diabetes, or a history of diabetes in your family; or a history of pancreatitis (inflamed pancreas). If you have not told your doctor about any of the above, tell him/her before you start Taking other medicines Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any other medicines, including any that you get without a prescription from your pharmacy, supermarket or health food shop. Some medicines and Isotane may interfere with each other. These include: tetracycline antibiotics medicines used to treat bacterial infections, including doxycycline and minocycline vitamin A or preparations containing vitamin A other medicines used for acne. These medicines may be affected by Isotane or may affect how well it works. You may need different amounts of your medicines, or you may need to take different medicines. Your doctor and pharmacist have more information on medicines to be careful with or avoid while taking this medicine. How to take Isotane Follow all directions given to you by your doctor or pharmacist carefully. They may differ from the information contained in this leaflet. If you do not understand the instructions on the box, ask your doctor or pharmacist for help. How much to take Take Isotane exactly as your doctor has prescribed. Your doctor will tell you how many Isotane capsules to take and when to take them each day. Your dose will be based on your body weight and your individual needs. Your doctor may adjust your dose during therapy, depending on how you respond to Isotane. How to take it Swallow the capsules whole with a full glass of water. Do not open the capsules and do not take any capsules that are damaged. Isotane should always be taken with a meal. When to take it Take your medicine at about the same time each day. Taking it at the same time each day will have the best effect. It will also help you remember when to take it. Female patients should wait until the 2nd or 3rd day of the next normal menstrual period, after having used effective birth control for at least one month, before starting Isotane therapy. This helps ensure that you are not pregnant before you start How long to take it Continue taking your medicine for as long as your doctor tells you. Treatment with Isotane will usually last 16 to 24 weeks. During the first few weeks of treatment your acne may get a little worse before it gets better. Most patients notice their skin condition continues to improve for up to two months after Isotane treatment has finished. Some patients, however, may need more than one course of treatment to notice significant improvement in their acne. Please note that Isotane cannot improve scars or pitting that were present before treatment started but it will help prevent such skin damage in the future.

5 If you forget to take it Do not take a double dose to make up for the dose that you missed. This may increase the chance of you getting an unwanted side effect. If you are not sure what to do, ask your doctor or pharmacist. If you have trouble remembering to take your medicine, ask your pharmacist for some hints. If you take too much (overdose) Immediately telephone your doctor or the National Poisons Information Centre (0800 POISON or ) for advice, or go to Accident and Emergency at the nearest hospital, if you think that you or anyone else may have taken too much Isotane. Do this even if there are no signs of discomfort or poisoning. You may need urgent medical attention. Symptoms of an overdose may include headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, sleepiness, blurred vision, itching, redness of the skin and peeling skin. While you are taking Isotane Things you must do Tell your doctor if: you do become pregnant while taking Isotane or in the month following treatment, you should discuss with your doctor whether to continue with the pregnancy or have the pregnancy terminated you or your friends or family notice any changes in your mood or behaviour (such as feelings of deep sadness and unworthiness or feeling down ), or if you start to have suicidal thoughts or tendencies you notice any changes in your vision or if your eyes start to feel dry you intend to do a lot of heavy exercise. Your muscles and joints may become tender, feel weak or sore, if you do a lot of heavy exercise while taking Isotane you have not taken your medicine exactly as prescribed. Otherwise, your doctor may think that it was not effective and change your treatment unnecessarily you feel Isotane is not helping your condition. If you are about to be started on any new medicine, remind your doctor and pharmacist that you are Tell all doctors, dentists and pharmacists who are treating you that you are Be sure to keep all your appointments with your doctor so that your progress can be checked. Regular follow-up appointments with your doctor on a monthly basis may be necessary. If you have any questions about your follow-up appointments, including how often these will be, you should discuss this with your doctor. While you are taking Isotane your doctor may decide to monitor your bone growth and bone structure, particularly if you are a child or young person. While you are taking Isotane your doctor may ask you to have regular blood tests to monitor your liver function, blood sugar levels and blood fat levels. Things you must not do Do not stop taking Isotane or change the dose without first checking with your doctor. Do not let yourself run out of medicine over the weekend or on holidays. Do not donate blood during treatment with Isotane or for at least four weeks after treatment has finished. Do not give Isotane to anyone else even if they have the same condition as you. Do not use Isotane to treat other complaints unless your doctor advises you to do so. Do not take any other medicines whether they require a prescription or not without first consulting your doctor or pharmacist. Take care when driving Be careful driving or operating machinery until you know how Isotane affects you. Normally Isotane would not affect your ability to drive a car or operate machinery. However, altered night vision and other visual disturbances may occur when Make sure you know how you react to Isotane before you drive a car, operate machinery or do anything else that may be dangerous if your vision is impaired. Things to be careful of Wearing contact lenses during treatment with Isotane may cause discomfort. Isotane may cause dry eyes. An eye lubricant or artificial tears, available from your pharmacy, should relieve this problem. Otherwise, you may temporarily need to wear your contact lenses for shorter periods or wear glasses instead. Avoid excessive sun exposure and sun beds. Apply a sunscreen while Your skin may be more prone to sunburn while Avoid waxing (as a means of hair removal), dermabrasion (medical removal of layers of skin), facial peels and electrolysis while taking Isotane and for at least six months after stopping Isotane. Your skin may be more sensitive while taking Isotane. These treatments may cause scarring or dermatitis (inflammation of the skin). Avoid using hair colouring or perming products. Your skin and hair may be more sensitive during treatment with Isotane and for sometime after treatment has stopped. Side effects Tell your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible if you do not feel well while you are This medicine helps most people with severe acne, but it may have unwanted side effects in a few people. All medicines can have side effects. Sometimes they are serious, most of the time they are not. You may need medical attention if you get some of the side effects. Do not be alarmed by the following lists of side effects. You may not experience any of them. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to answer any questions you may have. If any of the following happen, tell your doctor IMMEDIATELY or go to Accident and Emergency at your nearest hospital: you feel depressed (have feelings of deep sadness and unworthiness or feel down ) changes in your normal behaviour nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea with blood and mucous, stomach pain or fever persistent headache, severe headache or seizure blurred vision or visual disturbances, including decreased vision at night severe stomach pain which passes straight through to your back (infected pancreas) blood in your urine tiredness, signs of bruising or bleeding easily signs of infection such as swelling, tenderness, redness and increased temperature sudden signs of allergy such as a skin rash, itching or hives; swelling of the face, lips, tongue or other parts of the body; shortness of breath, wheezing or trouble breathing. The above list includes very serious side effects. You may need urgent medical attention or hospitalisation.

6 Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you notice any of the following and they worry you: dryness of the lips, mouth, throat, nose, eyes, genitals or skin skin eruptions, rashes, itching, inflammation, redness, sweating or changes in skin colour nail inflammation, infection or altered appearance nosebleeds tenderness, soreness or stiffness in your bones, joints or muscles impaired hearing headache an increased sensitivity to sunlight hair loss, thinning or increased growth. The above side effects are usually mild and short-lived. This is not a complete list of all possible side effects. Others may occur in some people and there may be some side effects not yet known. If you should suffer from any of these side effects or any other undesired effect, please tell your doctor or pharmacist. Further Information Storage Always keep your Isotane capsules in the original blister pack until it is time to take them. If you take the capsules out of the pack they may not keep well. Keep your capsules in a cool dry place where the temperature stays below 25 C and protect from light. Keep it where children cannot reach it. A locked cupboard at least oneand-a half metres above the ground is a good place to store medicines. Disposal If your doctor tells you to stop taking this medicine or the expiry date has passed, ask your pharmacist what to do with any medicine that is left over. What it looks like 10mg Capsule: Oval capsule with a yellow paste fill and a reddish brown opaque gelatin shell bearing the logo I10 in black ink. 20mg Capsule: Oval capsule with a yellow paste fill and a bicoloured reddish brown/ cream opaque gelatin shell bearing the logo I20 in black ink. Ingredients Isotane 10 mg capsules contain 10mg of the active ingredient, isotretinoin. Each capsule also contains soybean oil, yellow beeswax, hydrogenated vegetable oil, gelatin, glycerol, red iron oxide (E172), lecithin, medium chain triglycerides, purified water and black ink. Isotane 20 mg capsules contain 20mg of the active ingredient, isotretinoin. Each capsule also contains soybean oil, yellow beeswax, hydrogenated vegetable oil, gelatin, glycerol, red iron oxide (E172), yellow iron oxide (E172), titanium dioxide (E171), lecithin, medium chain triglycerides, purified water and black ink. This medicine does not contain lactose, sucrose or gluten. If you want to know more Should you have any questions regarding this product, please contact your pharmacist or doctor. Who supplies this medicine Distributed in New Zealand by: Mylan New Zealand Limited PO Box Ellerslie Auckland Telephone: (09) or Freephone: 0508 Isotane Isotane (isotretinoin) 10 mg, 20mg Capsules are a Prescription Medicine used to treat severe forms of acne that are resistant to other treatments. WARNING: This medication can cause birth defects. Do not use if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Effective birth control must be used one month before starting Isotane treatment, during treatment and for at least one month after treatment has finished. Do not take if you have an allergy to isotretinoin, other retinoids including vitamin A or any of the excipients; are pregnant or intend to become pregnant; are breastfeeding; have kidney or liver disease; have an excessive amount of vitamin A in your diet; are taking tetracycline antibiotics; have very high levels of fat (triglycerides, cholesterol) in your blood. Tell your doctor if you are depressed or have felt this way in the past; if you have thoughts about harming yourself; drink large amounts of alcohol; are taking the mini-pill; intend to undertake regular vigorous exercise or have any other health problems. Side effects include dryness of the lips, mouth, throat, nose, eyes, genitals or skin; skin eruptions, rashes, redness, sweating; nail inflammation, infection or altered appearance; nosebleeds; tenderness, soreness or stiffness in your bones, joints or muscles; impaired hearing; headache; increased sensitivity to sunlight; hair loss, thinning or increased growth; changes in normal behaviour; blurred vision, decreased night vision; nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea. Medicines have benefits and some may have risks. Consult your doctor to see if Isotane is right for you. Always read the label carefully and use strictly as directed. If symptoms persist or you have side effects, see your health professional. Full Consumer Medicine Information (CMI) is available at www. medsafe.govt.nz. Isotane is fully funded on special authority. Normal doctor s fees & pharmacy charges apply. Mylan NZ Ltd., Auckland. TAPS NA7864.

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