UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINOLOGY INFORMATION REGARDING POSTGRADUATE COURSES IN CRIMINOLOGY, PENOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE

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1 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA DEPARTMENT OF CRIMINOLOGY INFORMATION REGARDING POSTGRADUATE COURSES IN CRIMINOLOGY, PENOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Welcome 2 Honours degrees 3 MA and DLitt et Phil degrees 4 The value of professional journals for postgraduate study 5 The value of the Internet for postgraduate study 6 Conclusion 1 WELCOME A hearty welcome to you as a postgraduate student in the Department of Criminology! We offer three independent subjects at postgraduate level, namely Criminology, Penology and Police Science. We trust that your hard work and study in one of these subjects will be crowned with success. The University of South Africa makes exceptionally high demands on postgraduate students. For this reason we wish to draw your attention at once to the importance of independent and conscientious, careful study. Unisa has produced leaders in various fields and walks of life therefore she asks that her students give of their best all the time. Our Department is exceptionally proud of what some of our postgraduate students have achieved. We expect you to take your studies seriously. This means you must constantly look for new facts, knowledge and insight. You should reflect on and assimilate everything you see, hear, read and experience critically. Study is intellectually creative work and you are now beginning to devote yourself to this intellectual activity.

2 2 The lecturers assume that you have chosen the course because you are interested in it and either wish to know more about it or expand what you already know. We wish to join you in this pursuit and work with you. Right now our country is particularly in need of many dedicated scientists, who can make a detailed study and assessment of the problem of crime in all its manifestations. This is what you as a postgraduate student are becoming involved in. Thank you for your interest and concern. We trust that you will do well and that all the people of our country will benefit from your efforts. Good luck! 2 HONOURS DEGREES 2.1 Method of working You will receive tutorial letters containing assignments. Submit completed assignments directly to The Registrar: Academic in the envelopes provided. It is in your own interest to complete all the assignments satisfactorily and submit them for marking. Any assignments submitted after 15 October will not be marked, however. We are convinced that students who still have to complete assignments after that date will not be able to prepare thoroughly enough for the examinations, which are written in January-February. We do expect you to consult other reference works (which you have to find yourself) besides the prescribed books. We are convinced that nowadays professional journals and data published on the Internet are indispensable sources of data. Subject literature is to a postgraduate student what a plough or other piece of equipment is to a farmer --- indispensable. You always need it again, even after the examination is something of the past. Therefore we strongly advise you to purchase the prescribed books.

3 3 Besides building up a good library for yourself that will always be of value to you, having your own textbooks has the additional advantage of allowing you to underline and make notes and changes in them --- something you cannot do in borrowed books. We will mark and assess the assignment carefully and return them to you with our comments as soon as possible. Please make sure that your assignments clearly reflect that you have mastered the particular section of the work thoroughly. Do not copy sections verbatim from any of your textbooks or sources. Assimilate the material (content) carefully and make it your own so that it becomes an expression of your own thought. That is an absolute requirement at this level of research and study. You also have to work through the whole curriculum as set out in the tutorial letters. The assignments only represent "slices of life" or cuts from the curriculum. 2.2 Admission requirements Apart from the formal admission requirements set out in Section B of Part 1 of the Calendar, the following stipulations also apply: * Students who obtained 60% or more in the final examination and passed the course less than six years ago, may register for a maximum of three papers in the first year of study. Only in highly exceptional cases will the Head of Department consider a reasoned and substantiated request to register for more than three papers at once. In such cases, the justification for the request must accompany the registration form. In order to expedite such applications, students must indicate for which three papers they wish to register should their application to register for more than three papers not be successful.

4 4 * Students, who (a) obtained less than 60% in the third-year course or (b) obtained 60% or more but passed the course six or more years ago, may, if admitted to study for the honours degree, register for a maximum of one paper in the first year. NB: The course codes --- which consist of seven symbols --- which are given in brackets after the names of the papers, must be filled in on the registration form. 2.3 Honours BA in Criminology A CURRICULUM The curriculum comprises five written papers of which three papers are compulsory. The following are compulsory papers: 1 Fundamental Criminology (HCRFUN-G) 2 Methodology (HCRMET-B) 3 Criminological evaluation and analysis (HCREVA-X) 4&5 Paper of choice: Two of the following: Juvenile Criminology (HCRJUV-6) Contemporary crime issues (HCRCON-Q) Victims of crime (HCRVIC-V) Forensic Criminology (HCRFOR-8) NB: In the first year students are strongly advised to enrol for papers 1 and 2 only. This is required because the foundation of the subject must be studied first before attempting the fields of specialisation.

5 5 B SYLLABUSSES Paper 1: Fundamental Criminology (HCRFUN-G) The origin and development of Criminology; the study field of Criminology; individual approaches to criminal behaviour; the social and physical milieu-directed approaches. Paper 2: Methodology (HCRMET-B) Quantitative and qualitative research; research-design, problem identification, hypotheses and central theoretical statements, data collection; data processing and interpretation of information; research ethics. Paper 3: Criminological evaluation and analysis (HCREVA-X) The process of observation, profiling of offenders, report writing; corporate risk assessment, the handling of risk, factors influencing the crime risk, the prevention of crime risks; crime prevention models; the planning of a national crime prevention policy; and the planning, implementation and evaluation of crime prevention programmes.

6 6 Paper 4 and Paper 5: Any two of the following papers 1 Juvenile Criminology (HCRJUV-6) The nature, scope and causes of juvenile delinquency and misconduct, the treatment of juvenile delinquents; the prevention of juvenile delinquency and misconduct; the explanation for juvenile delinquency. 2 Victims of Crime (HCRVIC-V) The development and study-field of victimology; theoretical approach to victimisation; victims and the criminal justice system, types of crime victimisation; prevention and treatment. 3 Contemporary crime issues (HCRCON-Q) The field of study of specific types of crimes; crimes relating to community life (rape, child and wife battering, drug trafficking); crimes relating to personal relationships (murder); crimes against property (housebreaking, robbery, fraud, shop theft); crimes relating to the moral order (drug abuse, pornography, prostitution).

7 7 4 Forensic Criminology (HCRFOR-8) Ethical behaviour and interviewing, collection of information for the evaluation report; the presentence investigation, identification and analysis of factors that contributed to the criminal event; the preparation of presentence evaluation report; individualisation of sentences and types of punishment; court ethics and procedures, testimonies and crossexamination. NB: Kindly consider the following selection criteria before enrolling for this course: C C C C C Are your verbal abilities such that you can present oral evidence in court? Do you possess good language and writing skills to compile a clear and logical report for the court? Do you have the necessary research skills to investigate an offender s background? Do you have good interpersonal skills to conduct interviews with offenders, their families and employers with empathy without becoming emotionally involved? Will your personal circumstances allow you the necessary time to do the considerable practical word sessions required for this course? It entails, inter alia, approximately four presentence evaluation sessions at your nearest Community Corrections office, the drafting of two presentence evaluation reports and the attending of at least one court case when expert evidence is presented.

8 8 2.4 Honours BA in Penology A CURRICULUM The curriculum comprises five papers, namely: (a) Four written papers; and (b) an article. NB: Students may not register for the article unless paper 2 is also offered or has already been passed. The following are compulsory papers: 1 Fundamental Penology (KRPNL1-4) 2 Research Methodology (KRPNL2-5) 3 Penitentiary Penology (KRPNL3-6) 4 Judicial Penology (KRPNL4-8) 5 Article (KRPNL6-A) The nature and extent of the article must be approved by the Head of the Department and shall deal with a subject related to the fields of study for papers 1, 3 and 4. The chosen subject, together with an outline, should be submitted to the Head of the Department for approval, not later than 31 May of the academic year in which the candidates wish to submit it for examination purposes. The length of the article must be + 40 A4 (folio) pages, typed in 1½ spacing and it carries the weight of a paper. The completed draft of the article must be submitted to the Head of the Department before 1 November of the academic year in which the candidate wish to submit the article for examination purposes. Two copies of the final article must be submitted not later than 15 January of the following year for examination.

9 9 B SYLLABUSES Paper 1: Fundamental Penology (KRPNL1-4) Philosophical principles of Penology referring to the development, field of study and relation of the subject to similarly orientated disciplines; contribution of individuals such as Beccaria, Macconochie, Bentham and Howard to the development of Penology; theoretical principles of the punishment and treatment of offenders; and approaches to the responsibility of offenders including the deterministic, indeterministic and phenomenological views. Paper 2: Research Methodology (KRPNL2-5) Approaches in scientific research; phases in the research process; scientific methods and techniques; and preparation of a research report. Paper 3: Penitentiary Penology (KRPNL3-6) Institutional theory where the emphasis is placed on aspects such as institutional administration, -personnel, -community, -security, -architecture, -discipline, -labour and the status of the committed offender; institutional treatment which includes diagnosis and classification; a study of the components of institutional treatment; treatment of different categories of offenders; problems related to institutional treatment; prerelease treatment; and the release of offenders from institutions.

10 10 Paper 4: Judicial Penology (KRPNL4-8) The judicial system; psychology of the court procedure; penological principles of guilt, sentencing and individualisation; presentence investigation and report in sentencing; development, application and evaluation of the different forms of punishment; depenalisation; decriminalisation; and the adjudication of specific categories of offenders. Paper 5: An article (KRPNL6-A) An article on a subject covered by papers 1, 3 and Honours BA in Police Science ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS The degree of Bachelor of Arts in Police Science or an equivalent qualification. Note that with the approval of the Head of the Department students who hold another Bachelor s degree may be admitted if they have passed Criminology I, II and III, the syllabuses of which included Police Science. A NB: CURRICULUM The curriculum comprises five papers, namely: (a) Four written papers; and (b) an article. Students may not register for the article (paper 5) unless they have passed paper HKPOL2-E (Methodology).

11 11 B SYLLABUSES Paper 1: Fundamental Police Science (HKPOL1-D) Philosophic and juridical principles of Police Science, police and policing; international and comparative approaches to policing; structural and functional dimensions of the occupational environment of the police; development of the policing idea; totalitarian, democratic and constitutional policing; police responsibility and accountability; Police Science theories of subculture, occupational alienation, occupational anomie, occupational personality, role conflict, etc; police ethics. Paper 2: Methodology (HKPOL2-9) Scientific research approaches: positivistic orthodoxy, phenomenological, etc; the research process: problem identification and statement, formulating of the central question and hypotheses, orientation, data collection, ordering, analysis and interpretation and the research report; research procedures: quantitative and qualitative research, descriptive and explanatory procedures; research techniques: sampling, measuring techniques, scaling, statistical techniques (descriptive and explanatory), validity and reliability testing; ethics of research; evaluation of research reports and articles; research aids: codifying, computerisation, etc.

12 12 Paper 3: Police management (HKPOL3-F) Police management approaches and police organisational theories; management functions; formal and informal structures: implications for communication, coordination, control, individual perceptions, needs, attitudes, etc; personnel management; directed police management practices such as participative, goaldirected, proactive, change management, etc; developments in administrative techniques and technological aids. Paper 4: Functional policing (HKPOL4-G) Proactionism and reactionism; policing styles and models, extensive and passive law enforcement, and law enforcement and law implementation; critical policing issues such as policing of group violence, civil disorder, civil disobedience, strikes, etc; discretion and discrimination; issues concerning the areas of specialisation in policing, namely criminalistics, security and traffic control. Paper 5: An article (HKPOL5-H) An article on a subject covered by papers 1, 3 and 4. 3 MA- AND DLITT ET PHIL DEGREES 3.1 Rules and regulations Candidates who want to enroll for these courses, should get themselves acquainted with the rules and regulations concerning these courses. These rules and regulations can be found in the Calender, Part 4. The procedures for application for registration

13 13 are available in the brochure General Introduction; study for Masters and Doctor Degrees. Any other enquiries regarding registration should be directed to the Registrar (Academic) and not to the Department of Criminology or any individual lecturer. 3.2 Explorative interview 1 Student register for MA or DLitt et Phil. 2 Within the first year of registration the candidate should do the following: (a) Candidates should contact the Postgraduate Course Coordinator of the Department of Criminology before they take any steps to register. The Department of Criminology will not accept any proposal for registration which was not discussed beforehand. (b) The Postgraduate Course Co-ordinator of the Department of Criminology will (after the explorative interview which can be personal or telephonic) hand over a document the candidate should use to compile a research proposal. In this document - the research proposal - the candidate must be able to argue convincingly for an acceptable title and also convince the Department that the research can be executed and that it is on the acceptable level (MA or DLitt et Phil). 3.3 Admission requirements To gain admission to register for the MA or DLitt et Phil degree, candidates should have obtained at least 60 percent for the honours degree. The Postgraduate Course Co-ordinator for the Department of Criminology can consider individual cases during the initial interview where this criterion was not met. Candidates who have passed the honours degree more than five years ago, should first contact the Department of Criminology before taking any further steps. From such candidates it can be expected to repeat certain of

14 14 the honours papers. Furthermore, candidates themselves should also ensure whether or not Unisa recognises their previous qualifications. The information can be obtained from the Department of Postgraduate Affairs. 3.4 The nature of MA degrees The MA degrees are research degrees. This means candidates should be able to demonstrate that they are capable to do research on their own. It is the job of the supervisor to guide the candidate during the research. Candidates are not forced to do empirical work, but it is recommended. Candidates can thus obtain a MA degree by only submitting theoretical work which convincingly illustrates that they can do research on their own. 3.5 The nature of DLitt et Phil degrees To pass these degrees, candidates should demonstrate that they contribute something new to the research field. They must do something original. The doctors degree can only be awarded if the candidate illustrated convincingly that he/she made an original, new contribution to the particular research field. Generally speaking these candidates usually conduct empirical research. 3.6 Selection of the topic This is left in the hands of the candidate. The Department of Criminology will assist with the final formulation of the chosen topic.

15 15 Candidates are advised to do research in a field they are interested in, which is contemporary and in line with their work, indicating they have a basic knowledge already. The selection of the topic are usually preceded by extensive reading in the field of research. Only this enables a candidate to identify an applicable topic. Based on the new teaching policy of Unisa, the Department of Criminology also promotes research which is done to the benefit of South Africa, followed by research benefiting Southern Africa, and then research from which Africa may benefit. 3.7 The registration procedure The following steps are applicable: In the first place the candidate must make sure whether or not Unisa acknowledges his/her previous qualifications. If so, they should adhere to the 60 percent requirement also. Then the candidate approaches the Postgraduate Course Co-ordinator of the Department of Criminology for a explorating interview. Then the Postgraduate Course Co-ordinator appoints a contact lecturer to the candidate. The contact lecturer assists the candidate to prepare - as independently as possible - the research proposal. The candidate has six months to complete it. When the contact lecturer is satisfied, the research proposal is evaluated by the applicable disciplines Management Committee. If the Management Committee accepts the proposal, a supervisor (for the MA- and/or a promoter (for the DLitt et Phil) is appointed. 3.8 Supervision The supervisor or promoter and the student mutually agree on how they will do the work. The supervisor/promoter guides the candidate to adhere to the academic requirements for the applicable level of research. Usually it takes more than one draft of each chapter to reach the desired standard. This proses of guidance becomes even more complicated when candidates choose a topic

16 16 of such a nature that another supervisor from another discipline is also required. Notwithstanding, the candidate can freely make appointments with the supervisor regarding any aspect of the research. The supervisor/promoter will encourage the candidate to execute the research in such a way that the final draft is ready by either 30 June or 30 November of the calender year to synchronise the submission of the dissertation with Unisa s administration regarding the swarding of MA- and DLitt et Phil-degrees. 3.9 Contacts Here is a list of the professors and their fields of specialisation. You can contact them during office hours and request exploratory interviews with them regarding your proposed MA- or DLitt et Phil-degree: Lecturer Field of Specialisation Contact telephone number Prof JJ Neser Reaction on Crime (429) 6430 Prof H Conradie Prof AE van der Hoven Prof SJ Joubert Contemporary crime issues Forensic Criminology Victimology Fundamental Criminology Methodology Criminological evaluation and analysis (429) (429) (429) 6803 Prof CW Marais Policing (429) 6483 Prof CH Cilliers Penology (429) 6277

17 The Research Proposal You have to submit a research proposal. We use it to evaluate your application for a MA- or DLitt et Phil-degree. Based on the content, and the availability of lecturers, a contact lecturer will be appointed for you. The contact lecturer will assist you in finalising the research proposal. The final document (that is the research proposal) will then be submitted to the members of the Management Committee of the applicable discipline for approval. After approval thereof, we will appoint a supervisor. You may use the library facilities of Unisa towards preparing the research proposal. However, you have to pay R250,00 for the privilege. If you are accepted as a student, this amount will be deducted from your registration fee. Kindly contact the library in this regard. This privilege is effective for six months only, which is also the maximum time allowed to complete the research proposal. You should complete the original research proposal as independently, that is, with as little help as possible. Furthermore you have to comply with the following requirements: you must achieve an average pass mark of 60 percent for the honours course, and your enrolment for the masters degree may not be delayed more than five (5) years after obtaining the honours degree. If you have studied at another institution, you should determine whether or not Unisa acknowledges those qualifications. You can get more information in this regard from: Department of Postgraduate Student Affairs, PO Box 392, UNISA, 0003, South Africa. The address for this information is: <postartes@unisa.ac.za> You are allowed to register between the following dates: 1 July to 30 March. That is, during the months of April, May and June you are not allowed to register.

18 The research proposal for MA or DLitt et Phil degrees Please complete the following form and send it to the following address: The Postgraduate Co-ordinator Department of Criminology P O Box 392 UNISA The project Title* Research field** Duration*** * of the dissertation or theses ** eg. monistic crimes; juvenile delinquency; crime prevention *** in years, eg 3 years 2 The Applicant Surname First Name Title Address line 1 Address line 2 Address line 3 Telephone Cellular phone Fax

19 19 3 Academic particulars Unisa student number (if any) Previous qualifications University awarding these qualifications When (which year)* Papers passed Marks/Symbols of papers passed** Has any university ever refused to accept a similar application for enrolment from you? * If it is more than five years ago you will be expected to repeat certain papers of the honours course. ** Please attach the official statement of symbols. Use as many pages as you need and also supply the appropriate information regarding the following aspects of the proposed research: 4 Goal of the research 5 Rationale for the research 6 Actuating questions 7 Hypotheses 8 Particulars of the pilot survey (if applicable) 9 Preliminary chapter titles

20 20 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 * A greater or lesser number of chapters is allowed. Adapt the form accordingly. 10 Proposed time schedule Research task Due date* Submit completed report * In which year do you plan to submit this part of the research? 11 Budget Budget item* Amount How will you fund it? Registration fee Print, distribute, collect questionnaires Typing Binding Other expenses (eg travelling costs) * Add more items as might be applicable for your research project.

21 21 12 Literature study Give a summary of approximately five typed pages (the equivalent of 5 A4 pages typed in single spacing) from the most recent literature on the research topic to indicates prove the relevance of the chapters. 13 Questionnaire Include a copy of the proposed questionnaire. It may be the one you used during the pilot survey, or one based on the abovementioned literature study. 14 Supervisor/Promoter* * Students may indicate a supervisor of their choice. However, we cannot guarantee that such personal preferences will be accommodated since the work load carried by individual lecturers and the availability in the Department of the expertise needed for the envisaged research are the deciding factors [This is the end of the format of the research proposal.] 3.12 Reference sources for preparing the research proposal The following are useful sources that can help you in preparing the research proposal: Bell, J Doing your research project: a guide for first-time researchers in education and social science. Milton Keynes England: Open University Press.

22 22 Locke, LF Proposals that work: a guide for planning dissertations and grant proposals. Second edition. Newbury Park: Sage. Long, TJ Completing dissertations in the behavioural sciences and education: a systematic guide for graduate students. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Huysamen, GK Methodology for the social and behavioural sciences. Halfway House: Southern. Smit, GJ Navorsing: riglyne vir beplanning en dokumentasie. Halfweghuis: Southern. Smit, GJ Research methodology: research planning, report writing, proposal writing in research. Halfway House: Southern. Sproull, NL Handbook of research methods: a guide for practitioners and students in the social sciences. Scarecrow Press. Van Wagenen, RK Writing a thesis: substance and style. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. 4 THE VALUE OF PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY Students do not always fully realise (or appreciate) the necessity and value of consulting professional journal literature regularly and carefully --- especially in postgraduate study. Therefore we wish to emphasise this briefly but strongly. Professional journal literature enables students to keep abreast of the latest developments in their particular field. The wide variety of articles, announcements and reviews of new subject literature, and the introduction and discussion of research projects thus provide a good picture of what is happening in the various areas of

23 23 the study field and of the direction(s) in which the subject is moving. Many of the latest development trends, theoretical schools of thought, hypothetical questions and postulates are reflected --- also as they appear in different countries. Furthermore, the value of professional journals lies in the interesting possibilities they create for interactivity, the exchange of ideas and the open dialogue or conversation between practitioners of a particular science or related sciences and this, again, opens new perspectives and stimulates the search for knowledge and truth. In the light of the dynamic nature and rapid development of sciences, especially new or young sciences like Criminology, Penology and Police Science, it is sometimes true that some of the latest textbook literature has already become "old" or outdated. By contrast, the latest journal literature is usually fresh, keeps abreast of developments in the subject and, because it appears at relatively short intervals, makes ample provision for such valuable functions. Professional journal literature reflects the vibrance, practical working and progress of a science in no small measure. The Unisa Library (situated in the Samuel Pauw Building on the main campus) contains many bibliographies, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, guides, textbooks, calendars and professional journals as well as subject indexes, which are important for postgraduate study. Below follows a list of the professional journals available in the Sanlam Library:

24 24 The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Criminology Australian Police Journal Behavioral Medicine The British Journal of Criminology Campus Law Enforcement Journal Canadian Journal of Criminology Canadian Police Chief Newsletter Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal Corrections Today Crime and Delinquency Crime, Law and Social Change Criminal Justice Abstracts Criminal Justice and Behavior The Criminologist Criminology Deviant Behavior Federal Probation International Criminal Police Review International Drug Report International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology International Journal of the Sociology of Law International Review of Criminal Policy International Security Review Journal of Criminal Justice

25 25 Journal of Drug Issues Journal of Family Violence Journal of Forensic Identification Journal of Forensic Sciences Journal of Interpersonal Violence Journal of Offender Rehabilitation Journal of Quantitative Criminology The Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency Journal of Security Administration Kriminologisches Journal Law and Order Die Maatskaplikewerk-navorser-praktisyn The Medico-legal Journal Monatsschrift für Kriminologie und Strafrechtsreforum Officier de Police On the Line The Police Chief The Police Journal Policing The Prison Journal Prison Service Journal Probation Journal Security Focus Security for Buyers of Products, Systems and Services Security Gazette

26 26 Security Journal Security Management Servamus Social Justice Studies in Conflict and Terrorism Terrorism and Political Violence Tijdschrift voor Criminologie Victimology Victims Support Violence and Victims Women and Criminal Justice 5 THE VALUE OF THE INTERNET FOR POSTGRADUATE STUDY The Internet contains a great deal of information that is of inestimable value to postgraduate students in Criminology, Penology and Police Science. You can obtain the information by searching on the Internet, joining discussion groups or by means of electronic correspondence with local and foreign authors. There are also several electronic professional journals already about subjects that are important for our students. It is usually easy to trace them just by activating suitable search words on the Internet. We encourage you to make use of this source of knowledge about the phenomenon of crime. Remember, of course, that, because we are dealing with science, you will only be able to make use of the scientifically researched articles that are placed on the Internet.

27 27 You can gain access to the Internet as follows: Visit Unisa's home page at < Go to the Unisa Library and go to Electronic Journals on the Library's home page. Page around there for a bit! Naturally, you can search for any specific topic/subject with any of the search engines. Below you will find some useful addresses worth placing on your electronic bookmarks: South African Police Service (for crime statistics) < Community Policing Community Policing Pages (based on RC Trojanovicz's work) < Department of Criminology (on Unisa's home page) < Oasis Searches by Unisa's Library < 6 CONCLUSION Postgraduate study demands a lot of time and perseverance, but the final result is well worth the effort. You are welcome to address any further enquiries to the Postgraduate Course Coordinator for the Department of Criminology (see address elsewhere).

28 28 TEACHING STAFF Head of Department: CW Marais MA, DLitt et Phil (Unisa) CRIMINOLOGY Professor: H Conradie MA(Soc), DPhil (PU vir CHO) JJ Neser MA (UOVS), DLitt et Phil (Unisa), SPM Associate Professor: SJ Joubert MA, DLitt et Phil (Unisa) AE van der Hoven MA, DLitt et Phil (Unisa) Senior Lecturer: DN Swart MA, DLitt et Phil (Unisa) Lecturer: E van der Merwe MA (Unisa) Junior Lecturer: LR Morodi HonsBA (Unin) PENOLOGY Professor: CH Cilliers MA (UP), DLitt et Phil (Unisa), SPM Senior Lecturer: M Ovens MA (UP), DLitt et Phil (Unisa) POLICE SCIENCE Associate Professor: CW Marais MA, DLitt et Phil (Unisa) Senior Lecturer: JW Jansen van Vuuren MA (Unisa) Junior Lecturer: MJ Victor-Zietsman Hons BA, LLB (UP) ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Secretaries: JD Nienaber (Mrs) MA Molepo (Ms)