Index Terms: Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET), Road Side Unit (RSU), Vehicular Cloud (VC), Security, Privacy, Mobility.

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1 Implementing Storage as a Service in VANET using Cloud Environment. Monica Mandal,Chaitrali Landge,Pramila Gaikwad,Uma Nagaraj,Ashwini Abhale. Department of Computer Engineering, MIT Academy Of Engineering,Alandi(D).Pune monica2mandal@gmail.com,chaitrali.landge@gmail.com,gaikwadpramila29@gmail.com A B S T R A C T Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) represents challenging part of mobile ad hoc networks that enables vehicles to communicate to other vehicles or road side infrastructure (RSU s). Cloud Computing is recent popular technology which is used to host our storage, application services and software s over a network such as internet. In this paper we have mainly combined the features of VANET and used that on cloud as pay-as-per use. This concept is called as Vehicular Cloud Computing. As in VANET nodes are mobile vehicles which change their position at specific time,so by considering dynamic environment we rent the services on vehicles through the RSU, which stores the car data in database as itslocation, storage space, and identification number(id.no) and provide data to cars which is used by consumers. The Security, Authentication and Privacy issues are big challenges in vehicular cloud computing. Index Terms: Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET), Road Side Unit (RSU), Vehicular Cloud (VC), Security, Privacy, Mobility. I. INTRODUCTION Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) is defined as a set of moving nodes (vehicles) in a wireless network and type of mobile ad hoc networks, with mobile nodes being vehicles and Road Side Units (RSUs) as static nodes. VANETs are distinguished from other kind of ad hoc networks due to their hybrid architecture, node movements and have some unique characteristics as short radio range, low bandwidth, rapid-changing topology and high mobility of vehicle nodes. VANET is formed by vehicles which are connected to wireless communication devices, positioning system and digital maps. It also allows vehicles to connect to roadside unit (RSU), which are fixed infrastructure with powerful computing devices. Hence, vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication will be possible. One of the many goals of VANET is to support traffic safety and make the driving experience more safe and comfortable [7]. Cloud computing is also known as utility computing which is based on pay-as-you-go service. The scenario could be easily compared with our daily life, where we use gas and electricity in our homes as much as we need and at the end of the month we pay for exactly what we have used, neither more nor less [7]. Cloud computing is a shared pool of configurable computing resources as network, servers, storage, applications and other services that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management efforts and service provider interaction[10]. All services provided to customers present on remote machine you need not to install any service on your machine you need to use only interface (browser) to connect that remote server and such idea is provided by cloud computing. Cloud provides on demand self service, resource pooling, scalability, location independent online access etc. [8]. Cloud computing is , IJAFRC All Rights Reserved

2 started from the realization that instead of buying and installing necessary software and hardware, businesses may rent the needed infrastructure and software to run their applications. Cloud computing saves time as there is not installation and up gradation of software application. [2]. Cloud computing provides platform to the users to allow different kind of services like- Software as a Service (SaaS) - A provider licenses an application to customers as a service on demand, through a subscription, in a "pay-as-you-go" model. This allow customers to use expensive software as much as their application require and no need to pay ahead much money or even hire more operators to install and maintain that software. IBM is a good example of this category [2]. Platform as a Service (PaaS) -PaaS solutions are development platforms for which the development tool itself is hosted in the cloud and accessed through a browser. With PaaS, developers can build web applications without installing any tools on their computer and then deploy those applications without any specialized systems administration skills. Google App Engine and Microsoft Azure are good example of that category [2]. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - where the cloud provider provides its customers with computing, network and storage resources. Amazon Web Services (AWS) is a very good example of this category where Amazon provides its customers computing resources through its Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) service and storage service through Simple Storage Service (S3) and Elastic Book Store (EBS), also File as a Service (FaaS), Database as a Service (DaaS) are the popular recent services [2]. In VANET, vehicles which provide services like Cloud are called Vehicular Cloud. VC is formed by combining VANET which has internet access, storage, on-board computation etc and Cloud techniques [2]. In VANET, cloud computing can be used as Network as a Service (NaaS) or Storage as a Service (SaaS). Not all the cars on the road have internet access. In NaaS, the car with access to internet can offer its excess capacity to the other cars in VANET upon request. For SaaS the vehicles with sample storage capacity share storage with other vehicles which need storage capacity for temporary application. In this paper, we will mainly focus on the SaaS [1].Mobility of vehicles is factor that affects the ability to serve as cloud server as they have very short time to interact with neighbor. II. LITERATURE REVIEW Ad hoc cloud structure combines mobile ad hoc, vehicular ad hoc networks and cloud to obtain better traffic control and safety on a road. The main part of this paper is to create traffic control using ad hoc network and cloud computing, to create vehicular cloud using two type of services as Network as a service and Storage as a service. For scalability we design multiplier ad hoc network structure which has wireless smaller base station and mobile multihop backbone as mobile user. Multiplier ad hoc network is formed by moving the city buses and car at specified path which transfer their services to each other through multihop backbone which can be mobile, laptops and also car which has network access [1]. The taxonomy to build future use VANET Cloud is discussed below. Cloud is designed for different types of vehicular network (VANET)[10]. Based on architectural, security and privacy of VC, the clouds are of three types as: Vehicular clouds (VC), Vehicles using clouds (VuC) and Hybrid clouds (HC). VC is further divided into two types according to motion of vehicles as static and dynamic VC. VuC connect VANET to traditional clouds in which VANET uses cloud storage services for traffic information. HC interact with traditional clouds for service exchange using gateways like RSUs and vehicles [7].Vehicular cloud is formed on fly by dynamically changing resources and information. Vehicles communicate with short , IJAFRC All Rights Reserved

3 range wireless transceiver and high mobility that creates challenges in managing authentication, authorization and accountability. The main motto of this paper is: 1. Analyze security challenges and privacy threats in VCC. 2. Measure design issues which affect implementation of VCC. 3. Providing some security protocols and solutions, as direction for security and protect privacy. Large numbers of vehicles on road and parking slots are as computational resources which are used to provide services. Vehicles spend their more time in parking, garage and driveways. Parked vehicles are unexploited one which is wasted type of resource. These things make vehicles a perfect type of node in cloud computing. Number of vehicles rent their resources on board as beneficial economically. The VC2 differs from conventional one with these characters as mobility, agility and autonomy [9].A typical car or truck today is likely to contain at least some of the following devices: an on-board computer, a GPS device, a radio transceiver, a short-range rear collision radar device, and a camera, supplemented, in high-end models, by a variety of sophisticated sensing devices. Some high-end vehicles already offer the convenience of an Event Data Recorder (EDR) that collects transactional data from most if not all of the vehicle sub-assemblies. These sub-assemblies can report such attributes as the current geographic position, current speed, momentary acceleration or deceleration, lane changes, road surface temperature and the presence of black ice [3]. Advancements in vehicular networks, embedded devices, and cloud computing can be used to form which is called as Vehicular Cloud Computing, VC2 for short. In VC2, the underutilized vehicles resources such as computing power, Internet connectivity and storage can be shared between drivers or rented over the Internet to various customers, very much like usual cloud resources [3]. Rapid increase in road traffic volume in major cities and towns of various countries has lead to traffic congestions and accidents. Therefore it becomes necessary to introduce advanced intelligent road traffic information systems, which can monitor and control vehicle movements to minimize such problems. This has extended the idea of (MANET) to roadway and street communications. This new type of network is referred to as VANET. Researchers have abstracted the idea of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET s) in which vehicles, equipped with wireless communication devices, positioning systems and digital maps, act as intelligent machines that communicate for safety and comfort purposes [2]. They employ the communication between V2V (-Vehicle-to Vehicle) and V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure).VANETs allow vehicles to connect to roadside units(rsu s) i.e. they are the fixed roadside infrastructure equipped with powerful computing devices.they can connect with each other via wireless or wired network.rsu act as cloud directories that store information about mobile cloud servers. We give this mobile cloud server the name of transportationserver (STAR). RSU s will form a within distributed dynamic index of the locations and resources of STAR s. Users can select the STAR s they prefer according to their own criteria. This system is called as discovering and consuming services vehicular clouds (CROWN) [2]. III. LIMITATIONS AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH Author [1] shows the security issue on cloud networks as increasing nodes increase complexity. User identity spoofing and tempering data is main issue in network where one user attacks on another user with same priority level. Data integrity occurs as nodes have high mobility they connect for few moments. As increase in metropolitan area, large building and infrastructure signal detection error occurred. With increase in vehicles and absence of global authority network scalability question occurred. Senders say to another to obtain data and illegitimate advantage. For example, s address spoofing. Sender does not give modified data and forge information; also they don t know when data is altered. Data manipulation , IJAFRC All Rights Reserved

4 in some another user is called repudiation. Data privacy breaks and data leaks. The attacker mounts data and information and block that information for other users for their own use[3].drivers use their mobile phone to connect to cloud via internet but mobile devices suffer from some limitations like battery low and some processing point. Uploading real-time information on the cloud such as traffic jam or accident situation, by using the internet is costly and time consuming. Storage as a service in vehicular network is different from computing resources as but we can use vehicular storage as a backup for future use. Security and privacy are always the two main concerns when allowing multiple users to share same set of resources. The scenario discussed in the subsection admits of myriad variations ranging from dynamic scheduling of traffic lanes dedicated exclusively to High Occupancy Vehicles [3].Validation and verification of intelligent automobiles: The human behavior modeling is not limited to healthcare monitoring and mood detection. It is more complex and involves thought process. The correct modeling of human behaviors is of utmost important in validation and verification process of vehicular cyber-physical systems[10]. Driver s state and skills: The correction representation of driver s current state while driving determines his safety. Security and privacy concerns: The driver s privacy and security is always a challenging research issue in V-Cloud services. This can be dealt with by implementing a module with authorization and authentication functionalities. By varying the number of RSUs and Simulating Traffic Jams. It is not possible to maintain the list of all nodes in VANET, it is characterized by frequent changes of the network topology. It is not possible to list of all the replicas in the VANET. Vehicles have High mobility and there for the network topology is changed at any particular time so Partitioned Network is formed [2]. IV. ARCHITECTURE VIEW In figure 1 we consider parking area of malls in which there are three actors as Producer, Consumer as Vehicles and RSU as fixed node which provide computational resources. We describe their activities as below: Figure 1: Architectural Model Sr. No. Description 1 Request For Storage 2.1 Replay with Storage Space 2.2 Replay with No Storage Available 3 Send Available Data , IJAFRC All Rights Reserved

5 4 Request For Data 5 Broadcast Request 6 Replay with Requested Data 6.1 Data in single producer vehicle 6.2 Data in multiple producer vehicle 7 Forward Data Table 1: Control Flow of Architectural Model A. Request For Storage- i. Whenever a vehicle enters the parking mall RSU will detect the vehicle and ask for how much storage available in it for requesting the vehicles. B. In this according to vehicle type there are two types of replay as it is producer vehicle then- i. Replay with Storage Space- ii. iii. iv. If the storage space available in vehicle it will replay to RSU with positive acknowledgement with available storage space. Replay with No Storage Available- As vehicle is consumer it doesn t have a memory to stored data. It has display to view data. So when it get request it replays with no space available. C. Send Available Data- D. RSU send currently available data from shopkeeper database to producer vehicle. Producer vehicle stored/update data periodically E. Request For Data- F. When a consumer vehicle needs the data, it send request to RSU. G. Broadcast Request- H. When consumer request for data is received by RSU. It broadcast this request to all producer vehicles. I. Replay with Requested Data- i. Data in single producer vehicle- ii. iii. iv. When requested data in one producer it replay with that data to RSU. Data in multiple producer vehicle- When data is distributed in number of producer vehicles then all vehicles replay data to RSU as it get request. J. Forward Data- K. RSU forward the data to consumer. As data is distributed, the forwarded data is not in sequence. When data come in consumer vehicles, the data is concatenate. V. CHALLENGES IN VEHICULAR CLOUD COMPUTING , IJAFRC All Rights Reserved

6 The main challenges in vehicular cloud are Security and Privacy of data. High mobility of nodes, signal attenuation and network scalability. As per the discussion the security and privacy challenges of vehicular cloud is authentication of high mobile vehicles also complexity in trust relationship among multiplayer short range communication. As data is stored in cloud there is no restriction on any user to interact with that data so there is risk as loss of data. The main challenges for VANET clouds are expected to be gossip interval, mobile authentication, conditional anonymity and virtualization, insiders and outsiders, renting out resources, autonomy, control, and cooperation middle wares [7].VCPS (Vehicular Cyber Physical System) is smart vehicle which control and reduce the emission of CO 2 in urban areas. [We can] they decide to bundling methods are allow to RSUs to delivered maximum amount of data to users. Big challenge is short term parking as data center is dynamic in nature and car time to leave is not known to anyone [4]. The main security challenges of VC include: Verifying the authentication of users and the integrity of messages due to the high mobility of nodes. Ensuring the confidentiality of sensitive message by using the cryptographic algorithm. Ensuring the secure location and localization because most application sin vehicular systems rely on location information. Providing data isolation to ensure the security of stored data on the cloud. Secure data access to protect stored data on the cloud against unauthorized access. The security and privacy issue of VC has not yet been addressed in the literature and need more consideration [9]. VI. CONCLUSION In this paper we compared many research papers on VANET, cloud computing and vehicular cloud. By analyzing their limitations, challenges and objectives we get beneficial information on vehicular cloud. Also we discuss about the services which are provided by VC and their security and privacy issues when it stored on cloud. As first we introduce the basic concept of VANET, cloud and VC then reviewing the literature of research paper we got some idea on VC also by considering its application and real life use. VII. REFERENCES [1] Md Ali Al Mamun, KhairulAnam, MdFakhrulAlamOnik, A M Esfar- E- Alam. Deployment of Cloud Computing into VANET to Create Ad Hoc Cloud Network Architecture,Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science 2012 Vol I WCECS 2012, October 24-26, 2012, San Francisco, USA. [2] KhaleelMershad and Hassan Artail, Finding a STAR in a Vehicular Cloud,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering American University of Beirut, ,Lebanon. 23 April [3] M. Abuelela and S. Olariu, Taking VANET to the clouds, Book Taking VANET to the clouds, Series Taking VANET to the clouds, ed., Editored.ˆeds., ACM, 2010, pp , IJAFRC All Rights Reserved

7 [4] Hassan Abid, LuongThi Thu Phuong, Jin Wang,Sungyoung Lee, SaadQaisar Kyung Hee University, Computer Engineering Department, Korea. October 29,2011. [5] B. Aslam, P. Wang, and C. Zou, An economical, deployable and secure vehicular ad hoc network, in Proc. Military Communication Conf., San Diego, CA, Nov. 2008, pp [6] K. Mershad, H. Artail, and M. Gerla, We can deliver messages to far vehicles, IEEE Trans Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 13, no. 3, pp ,Sept R. [7] Hussain, J. Son, H. Eun, S. Kimand H. Rethinking Vehicular Communications: MergingVANET with Cloud Computing, Oh Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hanyang University ERICA Campus, South Korea.2012 IEEE 4th International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science. [8] N.I.T.H Standard Definitions. [9] MdWhaiduzzaman, Mehdi Sookhak, Abdullah Gani, RajkumarBuyya, Journal of Network and Computer Applications A survey on vehicular cloud computing. Received 27 February 2013 Received in revised form 6 June 2013 Accepted 20 August [10] Ashwini Abhale, Sumit Khandelwal, Uma Nagaraj, Shifting VANET to Cloud Survey,, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering. Volume 3, Issue 11, received November , IJAFRC All Rights Reserved