Odense Pilot River Basin The Danish Pilot Project for Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive

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1 Informal meeting of WFD Competent Authorities August 2006, Stockholm Odense Pilot River Basin The Danish Pilot Project for Implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive Head of Marine Harley Bundgaard Madsen Marine- and Hydrology Department,, Fyn County,, DK 1. Introduction CA s in Denmark 2. The Article 5 provisional report 3. Pressure and impact analyses 4. Odense Fjord - Programme of Measures 5. The Basin - Integrated Programme of measures and CE-Analyses 6. Conclusions

2 Odense The 4 Water Districts

3 Denmark: 7 Competent Authorities (State level) 4 Water Districts 23 Sub basins Hovedoplande Sub basins I, 4 I, 8 Miljøcentergræ nser.shp I, 10 Nordjylland Limfjorden Mariager Fjord Nissum Bredding Randers Fjord Djursland Århus Bugt Ringkøbing Fjord Horsens Fjord Vadehavet Kruså / Vidå Lillebælt IV, 1 I, 2 I, 11 I, 5 I, 1 I, 9 I, 12 I, 3 I, 7 I, 6 I, 13 I, 14 I, 15 Kalundborg Roskilde Fjord Øresund Smålandsfarvandet Køge Bugt Østersøen Bornholm Odense Fjord Lillebælt Storebælt Det Sydfynske Øhav II, 1 II, 5 II, 6 II, 2 III,1 II, 4 II, 3

4 Odense EU VFD-Test areas

5 Water scarcity and droughts Note: The indication on the lead is tentative and needs to be confirmed. Other coleads are still invited. Working Group A Ecological Status Lead: JRC, DE, UK CIS-WFD Initial priorities agreed by W D Working Group C Groundwater Lead: COM Water Directors Steering of implementation process Chair: Presidency, Co-chair: Commission Strategic Co-ordination Group Co-ordination of work programm e Chair: Commission Working Group D Reporting Lead: COM, FR Working Group E Priority Substances Lead: COM Art. 21 Committee Working Group F Floods Lead: COM, FR Working Groups work programme and deliverables to be decided WFD and Agriculture Lead: FR, UK Chemical Monitoring Lead: IT WFD and hydromorphology Lead: DE, UK Objectives/Exemptions Lead: DK, COM Other activities structure, organisation, work programme and deliverables to be decided Status:

6 Odense Pilot River Basin Lake Bryrup Odense Fiord Denmark, Europe Natura 2000 areas Odense Fjord Odense City ( inhab.) Odense River Power plant

7 Odense Odense River Basin Land use: Urban areas: 16% Odense Fjord Natura 2000 areas Agriculture: 68% Woodland: 10% Nature (meadows, mires, dry grasslands, wetlands): 6% Odense City ( inhab.) Odense River Agriculture: 1870 farms (50% livestock farms) Livestock production: LU (59% pigs, 37% cattle), 1 mill. pigs/year Area: 1050 km inhabitants Livestock density: 0,9 LU/ha

8 Odense Pilot River Basin The overall aims Phase 1: Testing the EU Guidance Documents Phase 2: Input to CIS-working groups First step: An Article 5 provisional report by November 2003 Second step: Programme of measures and the Pilot River Basin Management Plan by end of 2006 Odense should be integrated with the EU- Interreg-project BERNET-CATCH, Euroharp and Harmonirib

9 Odense Fjord catchment Rivers Lakes ODENSE Pilot River Basin Odense Fjord Article 5 Risk Analyses Water bodies at risk 96% 86% Main Pressures Reasons for not fulfilling objectives Physical Regulation of river and river valley s due to land reclamation for agricultural purpose Waste Waste Water outlets storm water, scattered settlements Nutrient Nutrient loads from agriculture Pressures Coastal waters 100% Nutrient Nutrient Loads from agriculture Hazardous substances Groundwater tables 50% Nitrate Nitrate load and Hazardous substances High High abstraction

10 Programme of Measures Conceptual Diagram Env. Objectives Economy ok? - Cost effectiveness - Disproportional? Max. acceptable loading Households and Industri Agriculture Env. Conditions Physical Conditions

11 Impact on Odense Fjord: Eutrophication Filamentous algae and eelgrass Ulva

12 Impact on Biota in Odense Fjord Intersex on snails - caused by TBT etc.

13 Provisional Objectives for Odense Fjord Eelgrass depht limit: Ref.-25% (draft( national proposal) Biomass of Sea Lettuce (Ulva): Ref.+50% TBT, PCB and PAH in sediments and biota: OSPAR-effect limits Sechi depht Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations

14 Target Load Estimation Ecological condition of Odense Fjord versus nitrogen loading from the catchment (Conceptual Diagram) WFD- Classification Bad.. Poor.... Moderate... Good. High.. Reference.. Ecological qualiy elements Macroalgae Deptlimit Eel-grasses Nitrogen Concentration Max N-loadings ( Target load ) Loading Tons N/Year Good Ecological Status: Slight deviation from reference conditions

15 Reference conditions Approach No undisturbed water bodies in Odense Fjord (or( DK) Historical data rooted vegetation around 1900 Empirical modelling historical data Dynamic modelling (MIKE 3 hydrodynamic-eutrophication 3-D D model) historical and other data

16 Reference conditions Odense Fjord Use of historical data on depht limits for eelgrasses (1890)

17 Use of Dynamic 3 D Modeling Reference conditions Odense Fjord N: P: Oxygen Reaeration Primary Production Oxygen Release Grazing Phytoplankton Filtrators Filtrators Uptake Settling Death Death Excretion Detritus Detritus Mineralisation Nutrients Settling Death Death Mineralisation Oxygen Demand Macro algae Death Eelgrass Macro algae Macroalgae/Sea Lettuce (Ulva):

18 Estimation of Nitrogen Target Load Eel-grass depht limit vs. N-conc N-conc. in fjord vs. N-load Combination of historical data, empirical and dynamic modelling Eelgrass depth limit vs. N-load

19 Baseline : (1200 tons N reduced loading) Risk Assessment Nitrogen Load (land based) to N): Measures agriculture (700 tons N): Obligatory fertilization norms and fertilization planning Demands on utilization of manure omanure tanks oimprooved spreading techniques ono spreading during winter time oreduced use of artificial fertilizers Demands on use of catch crops Improved utilization of animal fodder reducing N in manure Recreation of wetlands Measures point-sources: Enhanced nitrogen removal on municipal waste water (Agriculture) Odense Fjord Baseline : ( tons N reduced loading) Measures agriculture (400 tons (Normalized to mean water discharge ) treatment plants Reduced outlets from storm water and scattered settlements Additional recreation of wetlands Increased demands on utilization of manure Increased demands on use of catch crops Further improvements on utilization of animal fodder CAP-reform Measures point-sources: Target load WFD objective fulfilled Reduced outlets from waste disposal site and scattered settlements

20 Measure Scenario on agricultural measures in the catchment of Odense Fjord to meet environmental objectives Scenario 1 - Mixed measures Better utilization of animal fodder 10% higher utilization of animal manure Catch-crops: Optimized utilization of catch-crops on areas with manure Catch-crops: Increased use Set aside for wetlands. Wetlands in river valleys. Set aside for new forest. - New forests on cultivated areas. Reduced N-fertilizer quota (20%) Reduced livestock production ( AU) Area involved Hectare (percent of agricultural area) (100%) (100%) (4,6 %) (7,1%) (5,7%) (7,1%) (100%) (100%) Cost DKK 0 2,4 0 1,3 11,6 14,1 9,0 16,2 Reduced Nitrogen leaching Tonnes N Cost Effectiveness DKK/kg N Tonnes N Reduced Nitrogen loading Odense Fjord (50% retention) Cost Effectiveness DKK/kg N Voluntary measures EU subsidies (CAP) ( 2,8%) 2, Organic farming increased area (3,6%) 7, TOTAL COST 63,9 8,5 mio TOTAL REDUCTION - leaching, loading COST EFFECTIVENESS - average (kr./kg N removed) 38 61

21 Odense

22 Pragmatic modelling 46 measures in play 4 types of WFD measures Reduction in diffuse sources/agriculture Groundwater measures (agriculture and hazardous substances) Point sources (waste water and rain water) Re-establish establish hydromorphological altered streams

23 Hydromorphological Pressures

24 Loss of habitats in Odense River Basin Wetlands 1890 and 1992 Odense

25 Integrated Programme of Measures The importance of the retention factor Arreskov lake Sorte lake Søbo lake 50% retention Store Øre lake Nørre Søby lake Odense Fjord Odense River Basin 50% retention Lange lake 80% retention Dallund lake Ground water Fjellerup lake 50% retention Brændegård lake Brahe Trolle Slotslake Nørre lake 80% retention 80% retention 80% retention 80% retention Ground water Ground water Ground water Ground water

26 Cost Effecitve Analyses, Odense RB Integrated PoM Provisional results Yearly costs of meeting the objectives in Odense RB: 12 milllion Euros (welfare( economic costs) 70% distributed on measures to improve hydromorphological conditions and to reduce pollution from storm water and wastewater from sparsely built up areas. Measure Agriculture Wetlands Buffer strips/restoring streams Afforestation Waste water (point sources): Storm water outfalls Wastewater treatment sparsely built up areas Cost-effectiveness (Euros/kg N)

27 Conclusion It s possible to establish the chain: Reference conditions -> Env. objectives - > Target loads -> Measures -> CEA- analyses -> Cost effective PoM s,, so It can be done, but it s necessary to be pragmatic,, and to have an adequate monitoring program We need a common understanding on disproportional costs

28 Odense Pilot River Basin Thank you for your attention

29 Measures Restrictions of cultivation on erosion potentiel areas Permanent grassland Afforestation CEA-analyses - Measures agriculture N-reduction and hydromorphology of rivers Use of measure (% of agriculture land) Effect of measures Odense Fjord Tons N 863 Reduced N-Norm (-10%) in river valleys 5% higher utilization of N in animal manure Permanent grassland groundwater zones Catch crops Catch crops in river valleys Extensification of cultivation in river valleys

30 Lessons learned? Total cost of WFD in Odense River Basin? Measures to restore streams large share of total cost HAS SIGNIFICANT DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS ON NUTRIENT Point sources storm water run-off relatively large costs in some water bodies Pragmatic approach can give remarkably improved foundation for decision making Target setting at water body level for all parameters is a major task Can the existing data carry more detailed models? More detail in modelling + lack of detail in data = more assumptions

31 Cost effective analyses Step by step 1. Operational objectives. Sub-basin basin level of analysis decided 2. Estimate and include effects of baseline measures 3. Identify relevant measures to solve problems in water bodies Unit effects (Kg N/ha) Unit costs (EURO/ha) Cost-effectiveness (EURO/kg N) Maximum potential dosage in each sub-basin basin (e.g.. by GIS) 4. Cost-effectiveness curves for each sub-basin basin and groundwater area 5. Estimate downstream effects of measures to get an integrated analysis 6. Find most cost-effective solution including downstream effects and calculate total costs of POM 7. If necessary adjust dosages/placing of measures. Different scenarios.

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