How To Improve Energy Efficiency In Office Buildings
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1 GEOTABS: Grondgekoppelde warmtepompen gecombineerd met betonkernactivering in kantoorgebouwen Hernieuwbare energie voor gebouwen 13 september 2012 Jan Hoogmartens, Lieve Helsen K.U.Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering
2 Content Project introduction Reference case: Hollandsch Huys Results Conclusion 2
3 Introduction Why this project? Energy use in buildings = 40% of the total end use of energy in Europe About 80-90% of the energy used during a building s life-cycle is associated with the in-use phase large potential savings In office buildings: High comfort requirements (resulting in a significant cooling demand) Cost effective near-zero energy buildings The combination of thermally activated building systems (TABS), allowing both low temperature heating and high temperature cooling, and geothermal heat pumps (GEO-HP) IF!!! well designed and controlled!!! 3
4 Introduction 4
5 Project introduction Aim: To improve system design and control of GEO-HP- TAB systems in office buildings by using current practice, monitoring, comfort survey and simulation data 5
6 Project introduction State of the art design GEOTABS-buildings Database cases Detailed analysis Simulations Control Comfort AIRDECK DEMONSTRATION BUILDING HOLLANDSCH HUYS 6
7 Content Project introduction Reference case: Hollandsch Huys Results Conclusion 7
8 Reference case Location: Hasselt (Belgium) Owner: Airdeck NV Year of construction: m² m² offices Functions in building: Basement: Garage Ground floor: Medical offices Floor 1 & 2: Offices (first floor still 200 m² unused, second floor 800 m² unused) Floor 3: Office 8
9 Reference case 9
10 Reference case 10
11 General data 4 zones per floor North/South B 3 technical shafts: A, B, C 11
12 Content Project introduction Reference case: Hollandsch Huys Results Conclusion 12
13 Results monitoring analysis: start date: June 25, 2009 end date: July 17, 2011 Sample frequency: - Each 8 minutes - Each 32 minutes - Daily - Monthly - Yearly 13
14 Results monitoring Outside temperature (on roof of building) 14
15 Results monitoring Design flow heating 15
16 Results monitoring Design flow cooling 16
17 Results monitoring Design flow electricity 17
18 Results monitoring Design flow SPF 18
19 Results monitoring Design flow Flow TABS 28 m³/h Flow AHU 6.4 m³/h SPF tot 3.79 SPF heating tot 2.79 EER cooling tot Heating energy MWh Cooling energy MWh Electrical energy MWh 19
20 Results monitoring 20
21 Results monitoring ISO 7730 Class B PPD 10% 0.5 PMV +0.5 Category Operative temperature ( C) Operative temperature ( C) Winter Summer A 22.0 ± 1.0 C 24.5 ± 1.0 C B 22.0 ± 2.0 C 24.5 ± 1.5 C C 22.0 ± 3.0 C 24.5 ± 2.5 C 21
22 Results monitoring South 22
23 PPD Outside temperature ( C) R.H. (%) Results monitoring V1 landscape office summer Outside temperature 5/8/2011-3/9/2011 (on roof of H.H.) DNI 1 (facade) 5/8 -->16/ data 50 Clo Clo Clo Air temperature ( C) PMV-PPD (clo 0.8) 14,00 12,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00-0,60-0,50-0,40-0,30-0,20-0,10 0,00 PMV 23
24 PPD Outside temperature ( C) Results monitoring V1 landscape office winter Outside temperature 22/02/ /03/2012 (on roof H.H.) DNI 1 (facade) 22/2 -->6/3 100,0 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0, PMV-PPD 22/2/ /03/2012 (Clo 1.0) 14,00 data Clo 0.5 Clo 1.0 Clo ,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00-0,60-0,40-0,20 0,00 0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 PMV 24
25 Conclusions SPF heating rather low Thermal comfort: Subcooling in summer control changes No balance heating-cooling Occupation Long term ground temperature Global and detailed analysis possible with collected data 25
26 Economical comparison (1) Building+Installation (Source: Airdeck) Electricity consumption 2011 (2010: start up floor heating) * electricity price m² = bruto conditioned surface 26
27 Economical comparison (1) Building+Installation(Source: Airdeck) 1,26 /y/m² compared to 1,04 /y/m² (difference in bruto conditioned floor surface) Cost HP + pumps HP-unit AHU pumps distribution E100: old building years old. Cost heating/cooling rather high (KUL mechanica (only heating) 9 /y/m²) Less insights in investment costs 27
28 Economical comparison (2) Installation(Source: PhD Clara Verhelst) 26 BHE ref 14 BHE ref 7 BHE ref Identical building, other technical installation Ref: chiller + gas boiler GCHP + back up gas boiler + backup chiller Scenario with 10% energy price inflation X = HC/CC: heating curve/cooling curve; O = MPC: model predictive control 28
29 Economical comparison (2) Installation(Source: PhD Clara Verhelst) HP: heat pump, HE: heat exchanger, GB: Gas boiler, CH: chiller, CT: cooling tower, GHE: ground heat exchanger, TRT: thermal response test. 29
30 Economical comparison (2) Installation(Source: PhD Clara Verhelst) Ref 7 BHE 14 BHE 26 BHE7 Bffix: cost of the TRT + additional costs (engineering study, control, monitoring equipment) Bfvar: costs which scale with the borefield size, i.e. the cost of the BHEs, the horizontal piping and the collectors. 30
31 Content Project introduction Reference case: Hollandsch Huys Results Other project results 31
32 Other project results First draft: State of the art Design Methods (September 2012) Database GEOTABS cases: Real GEOTABS projects online: (October 2012) Database online: (September 2012) Comfort survey GEOTABS buildings (7) vs. non-geotabs buildings (25) Report per case Global report September
33 Other project results REHVA handbook (January 2013) Design Control Cases Simulation tools (ongoing) New control strategies (MPC) Tested through simulation (finished) Tested through real implementation (Sept 2012) Belgium Europe 33
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