WHITE PAPER SPON. Understanding the Benefits of Online Backup and Data Synchronization. Published September 2011 SPONSORED BY

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1 WHITE PAPER Understanding the Benefits f Online Backup and Data Synchrnizatin An Osterman Research White Paper Published September 2011 SPONSORED BY by SPON spnsred by Osterman Research, Inc. P.O. Bx 1058 Black Diamnd, Washingtn USA Tel: Fax: inf@stermanresearch.cm twitter.cm/msterman

2 Executive Summary Organizatins stre enrmus amunts f data. Fr example, a cmpany with even a relatively small number f users can generate many terabytes f cntent each year in the frm f wrd prcessing dcuments, spreadsheets, presentatins, vides, s, images, scanned dcuments and many ther cntent types. Similarly, individual users can generate many gigabytes f cntent each year that they must preserve fr crprate and/r persnal requirements. This cntent must be backed up fr a variety f reasns, including disaster recvery, business cntinuity, legal and regulatry cmpliance, theft, and just gd data prtectin practice. Hwever, there are several factrs that cmplicate the prblem f backing up data, including an increasingly dispersed wrkfrce as a result f mre emplyees wrking frm hme, mre devices n which users can generate and stre cntent, and mre stringent crprate gvernance requirements that require rganizatins t preserve cntent fr lng perids f time. Add t this the variety f prblems that culd ptentially make data temprarily inaccessible r destry it permanently, including natural disasters, pwer utages, lst devices, hardware failures and user errrs. Mrever, many rganizatins and users d nt back up their data n a regular basis because they dn t have the time, backup prcesses are t time cnsuming, r they simply frget t d s. KEY TAKEAWAYS There are fur primary takeaways discussed in this white paper: Many rganizatins and users d nt back up their data n a regular basis because they dn t have the time, backup prcesses are t time cnsuming, r they simply frget t d s. Business recrds and ther cntent, as well as persnal infrmatin, represent critical infrmatin that must be preserved, smetimes fr very lng perids r indefinitely in sme cases. A failure t prperly back up data and make it readily available t users can have disastrus cnsequences in any rganizatin. Traditinal backup capabilities are lacking in several key respects, nt least f which is the fact that many rganizatins d nt keep them in gegraphically remte lcatins t prtect against natural and ther disasters. Clud-based backup and synchrnizatin services can directly address the prblems that rganizatins and individuals face in the cntext f their data management requirements and shuld be seriusly cnsidered as a way t prtect data and t make it easily available. ABOUT THIS WHITE PAPER This white paper discusses the critical imprtance f prtecting crprate data, as well as the benefits f clud-based backup and synchrnizatin services. It als discusses the relevant fferings frm Backblaze, the spnsr f this white paper Osterman Research, Inc. 1

3 Users Generate and Stre Enrmus Amunts f Data Users create large amunts f cntent in the frm f s, wrd prcessing dcuments, spreadsheets, presentatins, vide files, image files, audi files, instant messaging cnversatins, ntes and all srts f ther cntent and they stre this cntent fr lng perids f time. Fr example, let s assume that the typical user cnservatively prduces the fllwing: 30 s per day (a ttal f 350 kilbytes) Three wrd prcessing dcuments per day (a ttal f 300 kilbytes) One spreadsheet per day (50 kilbytes) Tw presentatins per week (500 kilbytes) One vide file every tw weeks (10 megabytes) That means that during a year s time (250 wrkdays), the typical user wuld very cnservatively generate 320 megabytes f cntent. Hwever, it s imprtant t nte that this cntent is typically shared amng many users and sent t thers inside and utside the rganizatin, all f whm will stre their wn cpies f this data. The result is that the typical user generally stres 25 t 50 gigabytes f data. With data stres grwing at rughly 40% annually, this means that users are adding rughly 10 t 20 gigabytes f strage every year. Sme f this cntent is prduced by users themselves, but mst is cntent that they receive and stre fr future use. DATA STORES CONTINUE TO GET LARGER OVER TIME Nt nly d users and crprate systems generate large amunts f data, but als this cntent must be stred fr lng perids f time fr a variety f reasns: Users have a variety f individual requirements t stre the cntent they generate, either because f crprate plicies t stre certain types f infrmatin r simply fr persnal reasns s that they can refer t lder cntent r have a recrd f what they have dne in their jb. Mre imprtantly, virtually every rganizatin has an bligatin t preserve its business recrds fr purpses f e-discvery, regulatry bligatins r industry best practice. Fr example, in the United States: Accuntants f publicly held crpratins must retain certain recrds and wrkpapers relevant t the audit r review f such crpratins financial statements fr seven years. Emplyers must retain dcuments related t hiring, prmtin, demtin, transfer, layff r terminatin fr ne year frm the date f recrd prductin r the persnnel actin invlved, whichever ccurs later. If a charge f discriminatin has been filed, r a civil actin brught against an emplyer, the emplyer must retain all persnnel recrds relevant t the charge r actin until the final dispsitin f the case. Certain types f financial services firms must maintain a recrd f each rder t purchase r sell securities fr a perid f seven years frm the date the rder recrd was created; fr the first tw years, these recrds must be kept in an easily accessible 2011 Osterman Research, Inc. 2

4 lcatin. Hiring dcuments including jb applicatins, resumes, jb inquiries, and recrds f refusals t hire must be retained fr ne year frm the date f the persnnel actin. Cde f the Califrnia Fair Emplyment and Husing Act requires emplyers and emplyment agencies t maintain and preserve any and all applicatins, persnnel, membership r emplyment referral recrds and files fr a minimum f tw years. Als, cmpanies invlved in emplyment-based legal cmplaints are nt permitted t destry recrds until all appeals r related prceedings are terminated. Business and ther recrds held by cmpanies f all sizes must be retained fr lng perids in the event they are required fr prductin during legal actins. While there is typically n cdified length f time that this cntent must be preserved, rganizatins shuld nrmally expect t retain their recrds fr a minimum f three years, but in sme cases this can be much lnger. What this means is that recrds must be stred fr significant lengths f time, resulting in data stres that cntinue t grw in size ver time. In an era f increased requirements fr crprate gvernance and greater gvernment versight, we expect data stres t cntinue t grw at an even faster rate in the future as mre data is prduced and less data is deleted. THE NUMBER OF DEVICES CONTINUES TO GROW Further cmplicating the data strage issue is the increasing number f devices that individuals use t generate and stre cntent: desktp cmputers, laptp/ntebk/netbk cmputers, smartphnes, tablet cmputers, USB sticks, etc. This nt nly increases the difficulties assciated with string data using cnventinal appraches, but it als tends t increase the verall quantity f cntent that users and In an era f increased requirements fr crprate gvernance and greater gvernment versight, we expect data stres t cntinue t grw at an even faster rate in the future as mre data is prduced and less data is deleted. rganizatins stre. Further, users must be able t access current versins f data acrss all f these devices. ORGANIZATIONS MUST STORE DATA FROM MANY SOURCES Similarly, rganizatins must stre all f the cntent n file servers, backup tapes, disk-based backup systems, archiving systems, SharePint repsitries, applicatin databases and ther data stres. Mrever, crprate systems that generate purchase rders, dcuments related t supply chain management, invices, lgs and ther files accunt fr a large share f the cntent that rganizatins must retain. This has led t a situatin in which data is prduced by multiple systems and is stred in a large number f lcatins, making data management and backup that much mre difficult. Fr example, the fllwing figure frm an Osterman Research survey cnducted earlier in 2011 shws that the typical rganizatin stres data in a diverse grup f lcatins Osterman Research, Inc. 3

5 Lcatins in Which Data is Stred A GROWING PROPORTION OF USERS ARE WORKING REMOTELY An imprtant trend that is having significant implicatins n data strage, backup and cntent synchrnizatin is the grwing prprtin f users wh wrk remtely. The availability and deplyment f unified cmmunicatins systems and clud-based cmmunicatin technlgies make it easier fr rganizatins t let users wrk frm hme r frm ther remte lcatins n a regular basis. Emplyees are mtivated t d s because f reduced cmmute time, lwer vehicle perating csts and verall quality-f-life issues. Emplyers are mtivated t permit telewrk fr tw imprtant reasns: They can significantly reduce their real estate csts and prperty taxes by perating smaller ffices. Fr example, a 250-emplyee cmpany in which staff members average tw days per week wrking frm hme needs t prvide wrkspace fr nly 150 emplyees. If we assume a real estate cst f $20 per square ft per year and 150 square feet required per emplyee, reducing the ffice space fr 100 emplyees can result in annual real estate savings f $300,000 annually in additin t reduced pwer, cling and ther csts. Mrever, prductivity can be substantially higher when emplyees wrk frm hme. Fr example, if just 40% f an emplyee s cmmute time was devted t wrk, an emplyee with a fully burdened annual salary f $80,000 wuld generate mre than $1,500 in additinal prductivity each year fr his r her emplyer Osterman Research, Inc. 4

6 Despite the advantages t bth emplyees and emplyers f wrking remtely, there are a number f additinal prblems created frm telewrk, including the sheer number f venues at which data is stred, the increased difficulty f prtecting sensitive and cnfidential data, the difficulties assciated with reliably backing up this data, and synchrnizing data acrss multiple systems and lcatins t avid versin cntrl prblems. What Culd Happen t Yur Data? Nt nly are there prblems with managing data generated by multiple systems, stred in many lcatins and accessed by gegraphically distributed emplyees, but there are a number f majr and minr prblems that can negatively impact rganizatins and the individual users within them and the data t which they must have access: Natural disasters Natural disasters impact just abut every lcatin n earth at ne time r anther. In the United States, fr example, there is an annual average f 1.8 hurricanes i, 818 trnades ii (althugh there were 1,458 trnades in 2011 as f June 8 thiii ), 75,000 peple driven frm their hmes by flds iv, and 63.8 earthquakes f magnitude 5.0 r greater v. Fires, althugh mst nt a disaster frm natural causes, are anther majr issue fr businesses and ther nn-residential rganizatins in 2009, fr example, there were 16,500 fires in stres and ffices and 5,500 fires in institutinal prperties in the United States, nt including the large number f residential fires vi. Pwer utages Majr pwer utages in the United States are n the increase. Fr example, the Nrth American Electric Reliability Cuncil (NERC) Disturbance Analysis Wrking Grup has fund that there were 41 pwer utages impacting 50,000 r mre custmers during the perid , 58 such utages during and 92 such utages during vii. While pwer utages nrmally impact data access and backups temprarily, these utages can damage cmputer equipment and can destry data. Lst devices The prliferatin f smartphnes, laptp cmputers, tablets and ther mbile devices that cntain crprate and ther data has created anther grwing prblem, namely lst devices. Fr example, a 2008 survey by Credant Technlgies fund that mre than 3,000 laptps and 55,000 mbile phnes were left in Lndn taxis during just a six-mnth perid viii. Even as far back as 2006, a Pintsec Mbile Technlgies survey fund that during a six mnth perid users left 8,701 devices in Washingtn, DC and Baltimre-area taxis, while devices were left in taxis in the San Francisc Bay Area ix. The prblem is getting dramatically wrse as the number f mbile devices prliferate. Other prblems Althugh all f these prblems can and d create data lss, there are much mre cmmn causes f data lss. Fr example, a Ggle study x discvered there is a 36% chance f hard drive failure within a five-year perid. An analysis f Apple s Time Capsule failure rate fund 7.3% f these high-capacity devices failed after apprximately 19 mnths f use xi. Even slid-state drives have a reasnably high failure rate as high as 2.39% accrding t 2011 Osterman Research, Inc. 5

7 hardware.fr xii. One surce estimates that 4mm DAT tapes have an annual failure rate f 11.1% xiii. Add t this the ccasinal leaky sprinkler pipe abve a user s PC r a server rm, the cup f cffee spilled n a laptp keybard, r the USB stick that gets left behind at a client s ffice never t be seen again. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN DATA IS LOST? When data is lst there are three primary cnsequences that can ccur: The least harmful cnsequence is that users must rekey in lst data (assuming they are even able t d s), resulting in majr prductivity lsses as users create their wrk a secnd time. This can lead t majr delays in prjects, missed deadlines, missed sales pprtunities, unhappy clients and ther serius prblems. Lst data can als have mre serius cnsequences, including the inability t recver lst intellectual prperty, an inability t recreate data that has been generated by past emplyees, missing and recrds f ther cmmunicatins, lst business and tax recrds, etc. This can create serius prblems n a number f levels, with ramificatins that may greatly exceed the prductivity lsses that can result frm lst data. While sme statistics, such as thse indicating that the majrity f businesses that lse data g ut f business a shrt time later, appear t be mre hype than reality xiv, businesses that lse data fr any reasn are at a severe disadvantage relative t thse that d nt lse data. Data is stred in a grwing number f lcatins, including the large number f traditinal data stres within the wrkplace, as well as mbile devices, prtable strage devices, emplyees hme cmputers and ther venues. Lss f data carries with it enrmus cnsequences that, in sme cases, culd put an rganizatin ut f business. WHAT DOES ALL OF THIS MEAN? Summarizing the preceding few pages reveals that there are fur fundamental issues that any decisin maker shuld take int accunt when frmulating a data management plan: Users and rganizatins are creating and string large and grwing quantities f data. This data must be stred fr lnger perids and fr a variety f reasns, including thse driven by legal cnsideratins, regulatry requirements, crprate best practice and individual user needs. Data is stred in a grwing number f lcatins, including the large number f traditinal data stres within the wrkplace, as well as mbile devices, prtable strage devices, emplyees hme cmputers and ther venues. Lss f data carries with it enrmus cnsequences that, in sme cases, culd put an rganizatin ut f business Osterman Research, Inc. 6

8 Best Practices fr Backup and Data Synchrnizatin There are seven key practices that any rganizatin regardless f its size r the industry in which it participates shuld fllw. These are als gd advice fr individual users wh need t prtect persnal recrds, images, vides and ther cntent: 1. Prtect data It is abslutely critical that all data be prtected by making backups f this data n a realtime r near real-time basis. Gd practice dictates that all data is backed up t tape r disk, but best practice requires that all data is backed up t a gegraphically distant lcatin, such as a secndary lcatin r the clud. Ding s is critical t prtect against a variety f eventualities, such as a hurricane, trnad, fld, fire r ther catastrphe that heavily damages r destrys a crprate lcatin, as well as the data it huses. Backing up t a distant lcatin is als critical in case a crprate lcatin becmes inaccessible r unusable due t a snwstrm, plice actin, terrrist attack, r a utility failure (such as a brken gas main) that causes an evacuatin f a particular area; r in the event f a pwer utage. 2. Encrypt data It is essential that data is encrypted behind the crprate firewall and/r n the client befre being sent ver the Internet. This will ensure that data is prtected bth in transit and at rest. It als ensures that in the unlikely event f a data breach at the remte lcatin, user data cannt be accessed. 3. Make backups autmatic and cntinuus Backups shuld be autmatic s that users r administratrs are nt required t intervene in the backup prcess. This will ensure that backups are nt dependent n individuals remembering t backup cntent stres. As a crllary t this pint, backups shuld be cntinuus and as clse t real time as pssible s that newly created data is nt lst in the event f a pwer failure r ther prblem. 4. Make data easily accessible in case f disaster Nt nly is it critical t back up data, preferably t a distant lcatin, but it is just as critical t make this data available easily and quickly fr purpses f server restratin, giving users the ability t access their individual data when wrking at a new lcatin, r bringing a new facility nline rapidly. Fr example, if users need t mve t new, temprary ffices after an earthquake, it is imperative that users in the new lcatin r thse wrking frm hme have access t all f their data as quickly as pssible. 5. Make data easily accessible t users in near real time Anther imprtant part f any data prtectin and management strategy is the ability t make all data easily accessible t users in as clse t real time as pssible. Fr example, data backup and synchrnizatin capabilities are very imprtant fr users wh cllabrate in gegraphically separate lcatins s that they can have access t the latest versins f dcuments, spreadsheets and ther cntent. An inability t prvide rapid access t the mst current infrmatin can lead t emplyee dwntime while waiting fr cntent t be sent thrugh , versin cntrl prblems and ther impediments t efficient wrk Osterman Research, Inc. 7

9 6. Make backup and sync as simple and painless as pssible Finally, but certainly nt least imprtant, is making backup and synchrnizatin as painless as pssible fr users and IT staff alike. Because these capabilities can be a majr surce f difficulty and a significant cnsumer f time fr IT administratrs, they shuld be as painless as pssible t deply, cnfigure and manage. 7. Strage shuld be unlimited r inexpensive Because data strage requirements will likely be greater than mst individuals r rganizatins anticipate, it is imprtant t use a prvider that will prvide either unlimited strage r strage that will be and remain inexpensive as data stres increase in size. Why Cnsider Clud-Based Backup and Sync? There is a grwing number f clud-based backup and/r synchrnizatin (backup/sync) services that will autmatically cpy cntent t remte strage systems and make it available frm any Internet-cnnected cmputer with the apprpriate access credentials. There are several reasns that any rganizatin shuld cnsider using such a service: Data will be prtected A clud-based backup/sync service, by autmatically and cntinuusly migrating cntent t remte strage systems, will prvide the inherent prtectin f data that rganizatins require. Further, because the data is mved autmatically t a remte lcatin (and further backed up frm there), the best practice f keeping crprate data in at least tw gegraphically separate lcatins can be achieved. This means that even if ne r mre lcatins that huse crprate data becmes inaccessible due t a catastrphe r a less serius incident, all data is prtected and can be accessed frm any ther lcatin. Clud-based backup/sync services are superir t traditinal practices that back up data t tape r ther media and then stre these backups in a remte lcatin because f tw inherent limitatins f this practice: These backups, even if perfrmed nightly, will nt capture data stred between backup windws. Fr example, if the nightly backup ccurs between 2:00am and 6:00am each mrning and a disaster ccurs at 3:00pm ne day, up t nine hurs f data will be lst and is ptentially nt recverable. Mrever, shipping r driving tapes and ther media t a remte lcatin is expensive and time-cnsuming, and can expse this cntent t lss frm theft r negligence. A clud-based backup/sync service, by autmatically and cntinuusly migrating cntent t remte strage systems, will prvide the inherent prtectin f data that rganizatins require. Further, because the data is mved autmatically t a remte lcatin (and further backed up frm there), the best practice f keeping crprate data in at least tw gegraphically separate lcatins can be achieved Osterman Research, Inc. 8

10 Crprate gvernance bligatins will be easier t satisfy Clud-based backup/sync services make crprate gvernance bligatins easier t satisfy by autmatically making backups f critical business recrds that must be retained fr legal, regulatry r ther reasns. By migrating these recrds t clud-based strage and establishing the apprpriate retentin perids fr them, rganizatins can be assured that they will have preserved critical cntent fr the apprpriate length f time. While a backup f this cntent is nt an archive in the sense that the infrmatin has nt been indexed and therefre made easily searchable, at least the retentin f this cntent a key requirement will have been accmplished. Emplyee prductivity will be imprved Anther imprtant benefit f a backup/sync service is that emplyees are given ready access t cntent regardless f their lcatin. Fr example, an emplyee wh creates a dcument at wrk and then wants t cntinue wrking n the dcument after he r she arrives at hme can easily access that dcument. The updated dcument will then be available when the emplyee is at wrk the next day. Other emplyee-fcused benefits f a backup/sync service include emplyees nt having t recreate lst cntent, nt having t ask thers fr cpies f files, r experiencing versin cntrl prblems that can lead t lst prductivity and ther prblems. Clud-based strage can be less expensive Clud-based backup/sync services can als be less expensive than their n-premises cunterparts when all f the csts f the latter are included. These include the cst f the tape drives, servers r ther hardware and sftware elements necessary t perfrm the backups; the media n which the backups are stred; the transprtatin f media t a remte lcatin fr safekeeping; the IT labr required t manage and trublesht backup systems; and the pprtunity cst f having internal IT staff manage what is, fr all intents and purpses, a relatively mundane aspect f data management. There are ther, intangible benefits Clud-based backup/sync services can als prvide a number f benefits that may be mre difficult t identify r quantify, but are nnetheless imprtant t cnsider. Fr example, lsing data can create a perceptin f crprate mismanagement custmers and business partners may fear that their data may be at risk and may have smehw becme cmprmised as a result. Emplyees may becme angry when they realize that they might have t recreate days wrth f cntent in advance f a meeting r presentatin. Even if IT regularly backs up cntent t tape r disk, finding and restring this cntent if IT even has the bandwidth t perfrm these tasks can take several hurs. Questins Yu May Want t Ask Osterman Research recmmends that decisin makers cnsider asking at least sme f the fllwing questins when evaluating vendrs f nline backup and/r synchrnizatin services: 2011 Osterman Research, Inc. 9

11 QUESTIONS TO ASK OF YOUR SENIOR MANAGEMENT Are yu cmfrtable with the ntin f having crprate data stred in the clud? Yu shuld be, s if nt, why nt? Hw vulnerable is ur rganizatin t data lss? If yu (senir management) are nt cmfrtable with having crprate data stred in the clud, what is ur disaster recvery and business cntinuity plan fr recvering data assets after a natural disaster, pwer utage, fire, fld, etc.? Have yu cnducted a direct and pprtunity cst analysis f prviding disaster recvery and business cntinuity capabilities using n-premises/internally managed systems? Have yu evaluated the csts f nline backup and/r data synchrnizatin services relative t n-premises/internally managed systems? QUESTIONS TO ASK OF A PROSPECTIVE PROVIDER: COMPANY BASICS Is yur cmpany financially viable? Hw lng have yu been in business? Hw many custmers d yu supprt and hw has this changed ver the past six mnths? The past year? What size and type f custmers d yu supprt? Can yu prvide referenceable custmers that are similar t ur rganizatin? What crprate certificatins r audits d yu ffer? What happens t ur data if we want t switch t anther prvider? QUESTIONS TO ASK OF A PROSPECTIVE PROVIDER: WHAT S INCLUDED? What is the minimum number f users that yu require fr an accunt? Hw much data can be stred per user? In aggregate? D yu prvide unlimited strage fr a fixed price? If there is a maximum amunt f strage fr ur cmpany, can this strage be allcated differentially acrss yur users, r is it a fixed amunt per user? Hw much des strage cst per gigabyte beynd the basic amunt included in each accunt? 2011 Osterman Research, Inc. 10

12 QUESTIONS TO ASK OF A PROSPECTIVE PROVIDER: INFRASTRUCTURE Hw many data centers d yu perate? Is data replicated between data centers fr redundancy? What are the specs and certificatins fr the data center(s)? Is the data center SAS 70 Type II certified? If s, fr hw many years? Are yu using yur wn technlgy r anther vendr s? Hw scalable is yur infrastructure? D yur data centers have backup generatrs, redundant telecmmunicatin links, etc.? QUESTIONS TO ASK OF A PROSPECTIVE PROVIDER: RELIABILITY What Service Level Agreements d yu ffer? Hw much dwntime has yur system experienced during the past mnth? Six mnths? QUESTIONS TO ASK OF A PROSPECTIVE PROVIDER: SECURITY Hw physically secure is yur data center? What intrusin detectin systems are in place? D yu encrypt all data at the client cmputer? If s, d yu prvide a private key ptin? QUESTIONS TO ASK OF A PROSPECTIVE PROVIDER: SUPPORT D yu prvide 24 x 7 technical supprt? If 24 x 7 supprt is prvided, is it live supprt during nn-business hurs r d yu have t submit and and receive a respnse the next business day? D yu prvide different means f cmmunicatin including phne, and nline chat? Is nly ne IT administratr able t cntact supprt with questins r can any emplyee with a questin r issue cntact a supprt representative? It is imprtant t nte that nt every questin will be imprtant t every ptential custmer f an nline backup r data synchrnizatin service, nr will an affirmative answer t every questin discussed abve be necessary. This is particularly true when nline backup services, fr example, are used nly fr disaster recvery purpses they may be called upn nly rarely, and s things like rapid respnse t technical supprt questins may be unnecessary Osterman Research, Inc. 11

13 Summary Users and rganizatins are creating and string grwing quantities f data that must be preserved fr lng perids, and that must be available in the event f disaster r anther prblem that culd make primary cntent stres unavailable. As a result, every rganizatin shuld implement a data management plan t ensure that critical business data is available cntinuusly frm any lcatin. Clud-based backup/sync services will make autmatic and cntinuus cpies f data t remte strage where it will be prtected and made available n demand frm any lcatin withut interventin frm individual users r IT staff. Spnsr f This White Paper Backblaze nline backup autmatically backs up all laptp and desktp data. The service prvides unlimited strage fr just $3.96/cmputer/mnth. Key features: Autmatic, cntinuus, and incremental nline backup Unlimited strage and bandwidth Fully encrypted Backs up external drives Restre files via the web r FedEx DVD r hard drive Cmputer lcatin service fr lst/stlen systems Windws XP, Vista, 7 and Mac OS X Backblaze 500 Ben Franklin Ct. San Mate, CA Built upn ur highly efficient clud strage, the Backblaze nline backup service enables easyt-use, rapid, cst-efficient backup f all crprate laptps and desktps. Backblaze was selected as a winner f the AlwaysOn Glbal 250 private cmpanies fr game-changing technlgy and market value. CNET said, Backblaze takes the guess wrk ut f backing up yur data, and The New Yrk Times said Backblaze's backup applicatin is ne f the easiest t use. Get started with a free nline backup trial tday r cntact us t learn mre abut business nline backup Osterman Research, Inc. 12

14 2011 Osterman Research, Inc. All rights reserved. N part f this dcument may be reprduced in any frm by any means, nr may it be distributed withut the permissin f Osterman Research, Inc., nr may it be resld r distributed by any entity ther than Osterman Research, Inc., withut prir written authrizatin f Osterman Research, Inc. Osterman Research, Inc. des nt prvide legal advice. Nthing in this dcument cnstitutes legal advice, nr shall this dcument r any sftware prduct r ther ffering referenced herein serve as a substitute fr the reader s cmpliance with any laws (including but nt limited t any act, statue, regulatin, rule, directive, administrative rder, executive rder, etc. (cllectively, Laws )) referenced in this dcument. If necessary, the reader shuld cnsult with cmpetent legal cunsel regarding any Laws referenced herein. Osterman Research, Inc. makes n representatin r warranty regarding the cmpleteness r accuracy f the infrmatin cntained in this dcument. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED REPRESENTATIONS, CONDITIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE DISCLAIMED, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE DETERMINED TO BE ILLEGAL. i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix x Failure Trends in a Large Disk Drive Ppulatin, Ggle, Inc., February 2007 xi xii xiii xiv Osterman Research, Inc. 13