Improving Sustainability in Campus Data Centers Click To Edit Master Title Style

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1 Improving Sustainability in Campus Data Centers Click To Edit Master Title Style March 31, :10-1:00 PM ET

2 Agenda Welcome and Better Buildings Overview Michigan State University Partnering with the Better Buildings Challenge to tackle building energy efficiency across campus and their data centers University of Maryland Case study on energy efficiency and optimal cooling strategies in medium size data centers Question & Answer Session

3 Today s Presenters Name Organization Lynda Boomer Michigan State University Michael Ohadi University of Maryland John Clinger ICF International

4 Better Buildings Challenge Launched December 2011 Goals: Make commercial, industrial buildings & multifamily housing 20%+ more efficient in 10 years Save more than $80B+ for US organizations Create American jobs; improve energy security Mitigate impacts of climate change How: Leadership Results Transparency Best Practice Models Recognition Catalyzing Action Launched 2011, Now 200+ Partners Commercial, Industrial, Public, Private, Higher Ed, Data Centers Represent: 3+ Billion Square Feet $2 Billion Private Financing 600+ Manufacturing plants $2 B Federal Commitment 90+ MW of Data Centers

5 Partners Represent Diverse Sectors

6 Data Centers: Part of the Better Buildings Family Organizations that own and or operate data centers can partner with DOE to lead by example in one of two ways: Better Buildings Challenge Better Buildings Data Center Accelerator Partners commit to reduce the energy intensity of their whole building portfolio (including data centers) by at least 20% within 10 years and share their results. Partners commit to reducing the energy use of at least one data center (IT load 100 kw) by at least 25% within 5 years and share their results.

7 Data Center Partner Roster Click to edit Master title style

8 Better Buildings Summit: May Registration is now open for the Better Buildings Summit, May 27-29, 2015 in Washington D.C.! Register today Learn more: energy.gov/betterbuildings/summit

9 Lynda Boomer Energy & Environment Design Administrator Michigan State University

10 Smart and Sustainable Campuses Conference MSU Campus Detail Founded in ,200 acres 538 buildings 22 million sq. ft. 49,350 students 15,000 on-campus residents 11,400 faculty and staff 1 CHP power plant 100 MW Combined = Heat + Power (electric) 2 Main Data Centers total of 9,700 square feet

11 MSU Participation in Better Buildings Challenge MSU committed to reducing energy intensity by 20 percent in close to 20 million square feet of space by the year 2020 Baseline fiscal year is To date MSU has reduced energy intensity by 16 percent in 18 million square feet of space

12 Energy Transition Goals % Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction % Campus Renewable Energy FY FY FY FY

13 Program Engagement Consolidation of multiple data centers into new data center Address scalability, energy use, and current location problems Reliability maintain current level or improve Current main data center is in flood plain, In prime location on campus Considering location options: Existing Bldg., Data Center Equipment Only Existing Bldg. + Functions, Including Staff PODs New Building

14 Top 10 MSU Data Cent. [sqft] 1) Computer Cent. (5900) 2) Admin (3800) 3) NSCL/FRIB (1900) 4) Comm. Arts (1500) 5) HPCC (1300) 6) Social Science (1100) 7) Engineering (1000) 8) Library (800) 9) Clinical Center (800) 10) Advancement (800) 11)-30) out of 66 total MSU Campus (consumes MW electricity, total annual energy input: ~ 6 BCF gas)

15 Berkey Hall

16 Student Services

17 College of Veterinary Medicine Server Room

18 College of Veterinary Medicine

19 College of Veterinary Medicine

20 Chemistry Server Room

21 Chemistry Cooling for Server Room

22 Chemistry - Server Room

23 Program Engagement Engagement Status Board approved Energy Transition Plan RFP pending for start of development Challenges/Barriers Balance future operation cost savings with need for initial investment Direct Indoor Rack Cooling

24 Program Commit & Results Goals Current PUE > 2.2 Target PUE < 1.2 Reduction of energy use by 40% Expected Outcomes Avoided MWh/year: 10,000 Savings/year: ~$1 million Avoid outages dues to cooling failures Future integration of other data centers on campus and off campus (other universities, State of Michigan, )

25 Energy Transition Goals % Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction % Campus Renewable Energy FY FY FY FY

26 Dr. Michael Ohadi Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland

27 Optimum Cooling of Data Centers a Case Study for a Data Center at UMD Smart & Sustainable Campuses Conference March 2015 Michael M. Ohadi, Professor of Mech. Engr. A. James Clark School of Engineering

28 Outline of the 15 Minutes presentation Operation Parameters and Energy Efficiency Measures A Case Study on Energy Efficiency of a Medium Size Data Center Questions and Discussions M. Ohadi, May Proprietary> Any reproduction requires written permission of M. Ohadi

29 Date Centers Not common buildings Are mission critical facilities that often operate 7/24/365 and require high reliability/high quality power and cooling

30 Introduction Source: ASHRAE - Save Energy Now Presentation Series, Source: Schneider Electric, 2011 University of Maryland Copyright 2011 CALCE

31 Introduction In a conventional/older data center typically 50% (or less) of the electrical power input to the data center can go to the IT equipment vs. more than 90% in a modern, energy efficient data center Source: Schneider Electric, University of Maryland Copyright 2011 CALCE

32 Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) Expressed as the ratio of total data center input power to IT load power. Lower PUE means less energy overhead is consumed in powering the IT load, which means higher electrical efficiency for the data center. Source: Schneider Electric, University of Maryland Copyright 2011 CALCE

33 33 PUEs: Reported and Calculated PUE EPA Energy Star Average 1.91 Intel Jones Farm, Hillsboro 1.41 T-Systems & Intel DC2020 Test Lab, Munich 1.24 Leibniz Supercomputing Centre (LRZ) 1.15 Google 1.14 National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) 1.10 Yahoo, Lockport 1.08 Facebook, Prineville 1.07 National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 1.06

34 A Recent case Study on a medium-size Data Center on UMD Campus M. Ohadi, May Proprietary> Any reproduction requires written permission of M. Ohadi

35 Introduction Located at the A. V. Williams Building on campus Area around 355 m² 59 racks, distributed mainly in two sections 6 CRACs (Computer Room Air Conditioning) in data center and 3 CRACS in UPS room 35/26

36 Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs) 36/26

37 ECM 1 Turn off 2 CRACs The total thermal load is kw. CRACs 3, 6, 8 supply warm air more harm than good. At the minimum CRACs 3 and 6 should be turned off. Jan. 18th Inlet Outlet ΔT Power T ( C) T ( C) ( C) (kw) CRAC CRAC CRAC CRAC CRAC CRAC Total Measured Power /26

38 ECM 1 Turn off 2 CRACs 6Sigma by Future Facility Inc. 38/26

39 ECM 1 Turn off 2 CRACs 40 Temperature (*C) Outlet Row R RH (%)RH (%) Outlet Row R /05/13 16:30: /05/13 22:45: /06/13 05:00: /06/13 11:15:00.0 Date & Time Hot spot temperature at Row R is decreased 10 C after turning off the two CRACs. 39/26

40 ECM 2 Increase CRAC set point Maximum server inlet temperature with humidity: 27 C (80.6 F), 30 % Minimum server inlet temperature with humidity: 11 C (51.8 F), 70 % /23/12 10/09/12 10/26/12 12/13/12 01/18/13 02/07/13 02/26/13 03/25/13 04/08/13 27 C Date Inlet at R04 in Row R Temperature Humidity 11 C 40/26

41 ECM 2 Increase CRAC set point Modify the CRAC set point (return temperature) of 20 C to 25 C 11 C 16 C (70%)(55%) 27 C (30%) 32 C (23%) 41/26

42 ECM 3 Cold Aisle Containment Lu, T., Lü, X., Remes, M., Viljanen,M., "Investigation of air management and energy performance in a data center in Finland: Case study" in Energy and Buildings n43, /26

43 ECM 3 Cold Aisle Containment 15.7 kw 15.1k $/year 43/26

44 Fan Power HP Eneregy Consumption kwh ECM 4 Variable Speed Drive Variable Speed Drive: Fan Power(HP)/Fan RPM Constant Speed Variable Speed Fan RPM Power (kw) Efficiency Average (RPM) Variable Speed Drive: Eneregy consumption kwh/ Fan RPM Hours of Operation Fan RPM Number of Units Energy Use (kwh) , ,642 Energy Saving (kwh) 113,000 Energy Saving ($) $12,425 Cost of VSD equipment $ Harmonic Transformer $20420 VSD installation costs $ 4160 Payback period years 3.6 Source: ebay, "EBAY DATA CENTER RETROFITS: THE COSTS AND BENEFITS OF ULTRASONIC HUMIDIFICATION AND VARIABLE SPEED DRIVES ", U. E. P. Agency, ed. 44/26

45 ECM 5 Fresh Air cooling Weather Information* to Washington DC: Environment temperature below 35 C with 20 % < Humidity < 80 % is 86% of year hours. 134 kw savings of the cooling power is obtained. Installation cost (Duct, fans, filter etc.) Sever Inlet T Annual hours Savings US$/year A1 32 C 83 % 129 kw 125 k A2 35 C 86 % 134 kw 130 k A3 40 C 93 % 145 kw 140 k A4 46 C 97 % 151 kw 146 k 45 UMD University of Maryland * - Washington DC Reagan AP 45/26

46 Summary of Short term ECMs Q save (kw) US$/year Ton(CO 2 )/year Payback Period ECM 1 Turn off 2 CRACs ,7k 61.9 Immediate ECM 2 Cold aisles containment k or 6 month ECM 3 CRAC set point ECM 4 Variable Speed Drive k 16.8k Immediate k years ECM 5 Fresh air cooling Emission factors of CO2 to electric kwh 46/26

47 Message 1 Because data centers provide cooling for electronics they need to be very smart buildings and at the forefront of innovative solutions M. Ohadi, May Proprietary> Any reproduction requires written permission of M. Ohadi

48 Message2 Cooling is a major operational expense for Data Centers. Thus, savings in cooling through innovative solutions and modern infrastructure can improve the profit margins substantially M. Ohadi, May Proprietary> Any reproduction requires written permission of M. Ohadi

49 Message 3 Our case study example demonstrated the saving figures for one of the four (soon to be five) medium data centers on an academic campus think the potential savings for all campuses across the country. M. Ohadi, May Proprietary> Any reproduction requires written permission of M. Ohadi

50 Message 4 Optimum operation of a data center is not just about cooling. It is the Ten-principles Chart that was demonstrated M. Ohadi, May Proprietary> Any reproduction requires written permission of M. Ohadi

51 Ten disciplines of Data Center Enterprise Management, Adopted with permission Remote Monitoring Provides required information for remote access to service /manage the data center operations across one or more data centers in the enterprise Energy Management Overall optimization and management of the energy usage profile against forecasted demand, contracted rates, and alternate available energy source rates Maintenance Management Involves work order ticketing using prescribed work flows for submittal, creation, tracking, expenditures, take away lessons, and spare parts availability Overall Management Asset Management & Capacity Planning Identifies all assets within the IT & facilities domains, shows their location, calculates power and cooling needs, performs what-if scenarios when adding, moving, or changing servers Server Optimization Analyzes CPU utilization and application critically in conjunction with server temperatures to adjust candidate servers to operate more efficiently through reduced power draw IT Load Management Analyzes the current and forecasted server, power and cooling demand along with utility contract rates to balance the load across multiple data center sites Building Management Manages and controls the cooling system, physical security, fire protection, leak detection, and any additional security monitoring Change Management Enforces that changes are tracked and made in a prescriptive work flow using a common database to ensure that data is represented the same throughout the system Facilities Enterprise Data Historian Provides a scalable data repository for the local data center that integrates within an enterprise level historian to optimize data retrieval at each location Power Management Often included as part of Facilities Management, this discipline meters and manages the delivery of power to the servers from primary and alternate sources Security

52 M. Ohadi, May Proprietary> Any reproduction requires written permission of M. Ohadi

53 Question & Answer Session

54 Additional Questions? Feel Free to Contact Us Today s Presenters Lynda Boomer Michigan State University Boomer@ipf.msu.edu Dr. Michael Ohadi University of Maryland Ohadi@umd.edu DOE Program Leads Holly Carr Higher Education Lead holly.carr@ee.doe.gov John Clinger Data Center Lead John.Clinger@icfi.com 54 Follow us on