ISACA New York Metropolitan December 2011
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1 Audi=ng Firewalls Michael Hamelin Chief Security Architect, Tufin ISACA New York Metropolitan December 2011
2 whoami Michael Hamelin Chief Security Architect, Tufin Technologies 16 Years in Security, Hacking, Networking /hackerjoe /in/hamelin tufin.com/blog /TufinTech 2
3 Survey Says One in 10 IT professionals cheat on firewall audits
4 Audi=ng Firewalls We have all done it the hard way
5 Why are Audits so difficult we need to cheat? Firewall Audits tradigonally have been very difficult to complete Firewall Audits are oken poorly defined Auditors tradigonally are not technical individuals We are pressured to pass audits over building security We do what ever we need to get rid of the auditor 5
6 Engineering vs Audi=ng We build firewall policies for access Rules Users Servers Services Auditors try and protect businesses Assets Risks People Processes Access rules and assets don't usually match up 6
7 Auditors Don t Trust Technology Truth is Auditors don t all want to learn technology Auditors want to compare implementa=on to standards or to policy Technology minu=a can waste everyone s =me Tools should understand technology Tools should allow ques=ons about policy Tools should allow ques=ons about business risk
8 Audi=ng by hand How long to Audit a firewall? How long to Audit a Cisco router config? Just READING over a large configuragon 65,000 lines is 1083 pages 1083 pages is about 3249 mins 3249 mins is roughly 54 hours. basically 8 days of work How many mistakes will you miss in 54 hours?
9 Lifecycle of a firewall RuleBase We must make sure Audit is part of the rule lifecycle We also need to think about Risk Assessment and Compliance as part of the Design / Approval stages 9
10 Lets look at how firewall audits mature Level 1 AudiGng like an engineer, rule by rule Following fixed audit standards Level 2 Looking at risks based on basic direcgons (Inbound vs Outbound) Level 3 Looking at the device configuragons Looking at people and processes Level 4 Zone based risk assessment Level 5 Compliance (asset) based assessments 10
11 Firewall Maintenance We can start with the basic firewall maintenance
12 Engineers Look at Firewall Audits like Engineers Level 1 - We look for for rules with flaws Rules with ANY Rules with 3 ANY fields Rules with 2 ANY fields Rules with 1 ANY field Rules with no comments Rules with too many hosts/objects/services Rules with services we don t like, risky protocols Rules that are shadowed Rules that are unused 12
13 Bad things we have learned to do Auditors look for ANY in a rule base. We have learned to place in negated objects We have learned to place in IP Protocol instead of ANY 13
14 Lets look harder at that ANY check Firewalls can Hide ANY What about almost ANY
15 Automate Level 1 Everything in the Level 1 Audi=ng can be automated today with tools on the market Good (My minimum recommendagon) Run the tests at least once a quarter Beher Run the test once a month Best Run the test on every change event in real Gme with triggers Check Point gives us a safety net Save Policy we should use it to trigger our new analysis a_er a Save and before an Install 15
16 Lets look at how firewall audits mature Level 1 AudiGng like an engineer, rule by rule Following fixed audit standards Level 2 Looking at risks based on basic direcgons (Inbound vs Outbound) Level 3 Looking at the device configuragons Looking at people and processes Level 4 Zone based risk assessment Level 5 Compliance (asset) based assessments 16
17 Level 2 Looking at rules with more intelligence Are there any rules that violate our corporate security policy? Are there any rules that allow risky services inbound from the Internet? while you may have a different list of what is considered risky for your company, most start with protocols that pass login creden?als in the clear like pop, imap, hap, netbios, etc Are there any rules that allow risky services outbound to the Internet? Are there any rules that allow direct traffic from the Internet to the internal network (not the DMZ)? 17
18 Automate Level 2 Everything in the Level 2 Audi=ng can be automated today with tools on the market 18
19 Lets look at how firewall audits mature Level 1 AudiGng like an engineer, rule by rule Following fixed audit standards Level 2 Looking at risks based on basic direcgons (Inbound vs Outbound) Level 3 Looking at the device configuragons Looking at people and processes Level 4 Zone based risk assessment Level 5 Compliance (asset) based assessments 19
20 Level 3 Looking at people and processes Who made the changes Why did they make them Were they authorized to make them Looking at the device configura=ons Physical configuragons OS configuragons Default firewall configuragons 20
21 People and Processes 21 Is the requester documented, and is s/he authorized to make firewall change requests? Is the business reason for the change documented? Are there proper reviewer and approval signatures (electronic or physical)? Were the approvals recorded before the change was implemented? Are the approvers all authorized to approve firewall changes (you will need to ask for a list of authorized individuals)? Are the changes well documented in the change =cket? Is there documenta=on of risk analysis for each change? Is there documenta=on of the change window and/or install date for each change? Is there an expira=on date for the change?
22 Device Audit vs Policy Audit Devices Audits Checking services Checking user accounts Checking sokware versions Checking SSH banners Checking NTP servers Checking any configuragon Policy Audits Dangerous protocols Unused policies Risky flows Unauthorized connecgons Checking Traffic vs Policy
23 Automate Level 3 Much of Level 3 Audi=ng can be automated today with tools on the market Mastering Level 3 involves pudng in pace a solid workflow 23
24 Lets look at how firewall audits mature Level 1 AudiGng like an engineer, rule by rule Following fixed audit standards Level 2 Looking at risks based on basic direcgons (Inbound vs Outbound) Level 3 Looking at the device configuragons Looking at people and processes Level 4 Zone based risk assessment Level 5 Compliance (asset) based assessments 24
25 Level 4 Zone based risk assessment Security tesgng based on your zones maybe it s 3 zones maybe its more like 100 zones Traffic paeerns are defined by zones Zones typically are defined by separate trust levels 25
26 Policies that allow risky services NIST and others standards have tried to define risks by protocol Truth is protocols alone are not a good indica=on of the Risk Risk should include Data, network loca=on and direc=on of traffic
27 27
28 Internet AT&T Hosted DMZ Router Sealand Hosted AT&T SeaLand B2B Router Chase Hosted Chase Internal Servers
29
30 Lets look at some examples Connec=ons allowed from DMZ back to Internal Networks Groups with extra networks Mistyped netmask compromising confiden=ality Mul=ple firewalls passing the same risky flows
31 Lets look at how firewall audits mature Level 1 AudiGng like an engineer, rule by rule Following fixed audit standards Level 2 Looking at risks based on basic direcgons (Inbound vs Outbound) Level 3 Looking at the device configuragons Looking at people and processes Level 4 Zone based risk assessment Level 5 Compliance (asset) based assessments 31
32 Level 5 Audi=ng by Policy Zones Take the zones concept up to the business level It is about protec=ng assets and data ConfidenGal Systems with Internet Accesses SPI databases with access from Internet or DMZ CriGcal Systems with risky protocol access 32
33 Internet AT&T Hosted DMZ Router Sealand Hosted AT&T SeaLand B2B Router Chase Hosted Chase Internal Servers
34 Michael Hamelin Thank You
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