Analysis of imaging methods studies for universities in Czech Republic, USA, Great Britain and Australia

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1 Analysis of imaging methods studies for universities in Czech Republic, USA, Great Britain and Australia Bartoňová, M University of South Bohemia, Ceske Budejovice, Czech republic bar.mi@seznam.cz Abstract Analysis was effected appearance to investigation the present state of radiologic education in abroad with the aim to compare knowledge level of laical and experts. Keywords: University in Czech republic, University in USA, University in Great Britain, University in Australia, Radiologic technologist, Radiographer, Education I. INTRODUCTION Education in Czech Republic Radiological assistant Law no. 96/2004 Sb., about non-medical professions says: Professional qualification to exercise a profession of radiological assistant is gained through graduation in accredited medical bachelor study programme for radiological assistants preparation three-year study in field of radiologic assistant with a diploma on college (not an university!), if first semester of studies began at the least at school year 2004/2005, or secondary medical school in field of radiologic laboratory technician, if first semester of studies began at the least at school year 1996/1997. In the framework of education in Czech republic is possible to reach position of radiological assistant or radiologic laboratory technician only through graduation of course Radiological assistant with bachelor degree in present time. Mentioned branch can be studied at following Czech universities: Charles University in Prague; Czech technical university in Prague; Masaryk university in Brno; University of West Bohemia in Pilsen; University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice; Palacký university Olomouc ; University of Ostrava. At all mentioned universities are radiological physics education for branch of radiological assistant set for two semesters. Education in abroad Radiologic Technologist Education is slightly different all over the world. To entrance to the radiologic technologies study programme it s necessary to pass high school, which is finished with graduation. Also the fulfillment of entering admission requirement and right down criminal record is need. Official education programs in radiologic sciences lead to obtaining assistancy certificate or bachelor grade. International tendency of safe care for patients prefers bachelor titles, ergo higher education, that s why the assistantship programmes are retreated. In many countries are master degrees offered too. Educational curriculum is basically worldwide similar. Usually, during official education, students have to gain knowledge from human anatomy and physiology, general, nuclear and radiation physics sciences, general chemistry, mathematics, radiopharmacology, pathology, 291

2 biology, medical imaging and diagnostics, radiologic instrumentation, medical first aid treatment, nursing, medical ethics, technologies, computer programming and management. USA Radiographic examination is usually conducted by radiologic technologists, who undergo two-year education for assistant title or four-year education for BSc. title in USA. Europe Radiologic technologists education is available in various forms in 30 countries from total number 46 European countries. It s possible to study two, three or four-year programme. Students follow basic educational courses of diagnostic imaging, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and ultrasound in any combination of these branches - during the study time. E.g. in Czech Republic students learn all of mentioned sights, but e.g. in Iceland educational syllabus includes diagnostic imaging and nuclear medicine only. Great Britain Radiologic technologists are in United Kingdom known as Radiographers. Secondary terms Diagnostic Radiographer and Therapy Radiographer are in Great Britain protected titles so they cannot be used by people who didn t undergo official education or people who aren t registered by Health Professionals Council. Absolvents of education, who got university title BSc. in diagnostic imaging, must be registered by Health Professions Council before the beginning of operating medical exposure or imaging in medical institute. Diplomas are offered in the framework of universities and their obtaining lasts 3 years in England and Wales, 4 years it lasts in Scotland. Student, future Radiologic technologist, has to spend a lot of time working in college hospital during his or her studies (form of clinical training). As soon as students obtain qualification, they are able to practice radiologic imaging and they can work as a part of diagnostic team. Radiologic technologists can get postgraduate specializations in CT, MRI, ultrasound or nuclear medicine with possibility to obtain master degree (MSc.) in especial field during home study or university courses both are finished with exams. Radiologic technologists in Great Britain participate on working in tasks, which were performed only by Radiologists in past as well (Radiologist medicine doctor, who specializes in interpretation of images, which were scanned by any radiologic method). Absolvent may write reports and diagnose pathologies, which are clear at images and he or she can consults them with physicians after graduation and registration by Health Professions Council and Society of Radiology. Australia Australian universities students decide about their specialization when they entry the study programme. Like in other countries is this specialization concerned to three basic radiology fields nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, or diagnostic imaging. Additional is possibility to enroll for course to study diagnostic ultrasound. All these specializations come under the category Medical Radiation Sciences. Courses which come under these sciences are accredited by Australian Institute of Radiography (AIR). In some cases absolvents have to undergo one year of paid structured clinical practice training after finishing academic courses National Professional Development Programme (NPDP). When is this practice training finished, graduates are qualified for getting an accreditation. That must be made in Australia in authorized radiologic institute. Education of medical imaging, radiotherapy and nuclear medicine can subsist: - graduation in three-year bachelor study programme with NPDP; 292

3 - graduation in four-year bachelor study programme; - graduation in two-year master study programme with NPDP; - graduation in two-year master study programme. Yearlong practice and inscription in official NPDP includes official registration of radiologic technologist and access to information of AIR also. Study is possible for example at following Australian universities: The University of Newcastle; Charles Sturt University; RMIT University; University of South Australia; University of Tasmania. It s also possible to study ultrasound, as the imaging method, but in Australia only as a postgraduate qualification. To entry this programme student has to have qualification in field of radiology imaging, radiotherapy, biomedicine science or nursing. Plenty of universities offer ultrasound education as a part of diagnostic radiography studies. Absolvent of course ultrasound imaging gain the Diploma of Medical Ultrasound from Australian Society for Ultrasound. Specialists, who work in this specialization after graduation in any study programme are called Diagnostic Radiographers or Medical Imaging Technologists, Radiation Therapists and Ultrasonographer or Sonographer. Lenght of radiological physics education is different. It depends on the total length of study programme. In case of four-year programme physics is taught for four semesters, two semesters in case of three-year studies. II. CONCLUSION Position of radiological physics in preparation radiological assistants or technologists at Czech and abroad universities. In Czech Republic is a graduate of Application ionizing radiation studies called Radiological assistant. Abroad are graduates of this programme called Radiologic Technologists, Diagnostic Radiographers Medical Imaging Technologists, Therapy Radiographers or Radiation Therapists, Ultrasonographers or Sonographers. General physical base in curriculum essentially matches foreign study structures. Dissimilarities can be found in structure of physical base components in profile of radiological assistant. This difference is obviously connected with possibilities of narrowed study specializations (e.g. Medical Imaging Technologist/Therapy Radiographer). On the basis of the present state investigation of knowledge from radiological physics was shown, that contents of radiological physics courses at Czech and abroad universities are similar. Only specializations variety (various graduates titles in preparation of radiological assistants in abroad) reflects on richer spectrum of orientation in abroad curriculum. It s also possible to speculate about considerable society weigh of e.g. Radiologic Technologist in abroad. Analysis was done for three universities in USA, five Australian universities and four universities in Great Britain. In all of these cases were found study programs which are related to Application ionizing radiation in medicine. Evidentially abroad study programs related with Czech preparation of radiological assistants are rather called Application ionizing radiation. 293

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