First IAA Symposium on Space & Global Security of Humanity

Transcription

1 First IAA Symposium on Space & Global Security of Humanity NOVEMBER 2-4, 2009 AMATHUS BEACH HOTEL, LIMASSOL, CYPRUS Symposium supported by the United Nations-Office of Outer Space Affairs, the Russian Federal Space Agency and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia. and organized by: International Academy of Astronautics (IАА); Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky (RAC); International Association ZNANIE. Official languages: English and Russian. This extensive scientific forum has been organized to consider the issues and prospects of the creation of International Global Monitoring Aerospace System (IGMASS), to solve global issues of contemporary humankind and to guarantee seismic, ecological and geophysical security, preventing global risks and threats of the 21st century and developing forms and methods of education on a global scale. Organizational Committee Co-Chairs: Dr. Jean Michel Contant International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) Secretary General. Dr. Valery A. Menshikov Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky, Vice President Dr. Efim M. Malitikov President of International Association ZNANIE, Chairman of Interstate Committee of CIS on Knowledge Promotion and Adult Education, Executive Secretary Symposium s Objectives. The Symposium s Organizing Committee would like to gather experts and representatives of international scientific societies, for open and comprehensive discussion on the topics of global human security, political, economic, social and ecological aspects of space exploration. In the framework of the agreement between the Russian Academy of Cosmonautics and the International Academy of Astronautics (IAA) supported by its members from USA, France, Germany, Italy, Ukraine, India, China, Tunisia, Nigeria, the symposium will also discuss the themes of the IAA study group established for exploring the IGMASS s creation and its extensive application to the Human society in view of making a cosmic study. Head of Space Agency of Kazakhstan 1

2 Symposium s Agenda: 1. Space Exploration and Global Problems of Humanity and Modern Age (Section I). Space activities and sustainable development; the role of advanced space technologies, in reducing of the risks and threats as well as disaster management and dramatic consequences of natural phenomena and technogenic events of the Modern Age. Philosophical aspects of cosmonautics: development of the ideas of cosmism and cosmic consciousness issues. 2. Foreseeable profile of International Global Monitoring Aerospace System IGMASS (Section II). Purposes of creation, main tasks, variants of deployment and functioning of the system; principles of IGMASS creation, system management, aerospace monitoring data acquisition, compilation and acceptance; economical aspects of the IGMASS s creation, development and utilization, role of IAA activities in field of IGMASS creation. 3. Global aerospace monitoring methods and techniques (engineering) of natural phenomena, emergency technogenetic disasters and catastrophes (Section III). Opportunities for using existing and future orbital, airborne and ground technical facilities, appropriate engineering aerospace monitoring for both forecasting of natural phenomena (earthquakes, tsunamis, volcano eruptions, flooding, billows etc.) and predicting of emergency situations and technogenic casualties; environmental, ecological monitoring of the Earth s surface and circum- terrestrial space by using Remote Sensing Control technologies; monitoring of local war zones, terror threats and risks, narcotic trafficking and pirates routs. 4. Up-to-date technologies of aerospace monitoring data acquisition and compilation and acceptance (Section IV). Technologies of aerospace monitoring data collecting, computer handling, multi-dimensional interpretation and processing, including neo geography methodology. 5. Development of distant learning (tele-education) and impact of using IGMASS informational resources (Section V). IGMASS and solving global human issues such as illiteracy, freedom of informational exchanges; specialist training in the fields of global aerospace monitoring; development of distant learning (education) international institutions; issues of united educational sphere establishment, based on contemporary information and aerospace technologies. Olexandr Zinchenko, Head of Ukrainian Space Agency discussing with Dr. Jean-Michel Contant, IAA General Secretary PLENARY MEETING, NOVEMBER 2, 2009 Human Welfare and Space Exploration Dr. J.M. Contant, Secretary General, IAA, Co-Chairman of Symposium s Organizing and Programming Committee, Paris, France Science and technology related to space activity have deeply impacted the society for the last fifty years. This effect has been noticed at different speed according the history and the location but the trend is now a generalization and a globalization. The rapid progress of science, the continuous human research, the exploration of infinitely small and the universe are continuously pushing away the knowledge boundaries despite however little progress are observed in human behavior. Technological developments are transforming the way of living and the way of working. Human resources 2

3 in science and technologies are the corner stone of scientific discoveries and due to the various capacity of integration it appears already that many new comers, countries with important ratio of young generation will modify substantially the current distribution and ranking of aging and declining countries. The International Academy of Astronautics which has gathered worldwide expertise to conceive and publish a series of studies dealing with this subject is ready to develop itself toward new continents such as Asia-Pacific and Africa. It is clear that North African countries with a so high rate of young people are going to benefit of the latest developments in tele-medicine, tele-education, remote sensing, communication, disaster mitigation etc. It is now possible to also foresee that with political stability and willingness, dynamic and fast growing approaches, the pools of knowledge are going to move towards unexpected places by the end of the next decade. Keynote speech of Dr. Jean-Michel Contant, IAA Secretary General ROLE AND PLACE OF SPACE SYSTEMS IN GLOBAL PROCESSES OF GOING OVER TO THE INFORMATION SOCIETY OF XXI CENTURY General Anatoly N. Perminov, Head, Russian Federal Space Agency ROSCOSMOS (Moscow, Russia) The presentation considers global threats and risks to the Earth and to the sustainable development of mankind in the XXI century. The threats are divided into external and internal. The external threats concern the threats coming from the outer space which are asteroid danger and solar activity cycles that result in a global climate change. Internal threats and risks are divided into two major categories: fatal - dangerous natural processes and phenomena; Anthropogenic generated by human activity (effects on the environment, man-made emergencies and disasters, depletion of natural land resources, social disturbances, etc.). The external threats forecasting is carried out taking into account the outer space observation from the Earth, and the global internal threats forecasting is carried out taking into account the Earth observation from the outer space. in this case the external threats information is obtained by ground-based astronomical stations with the possibilities limited by the atmosphere s masking properties, and by satellite-based observatories, located on the Earth s and the Sun s orbits as well as outside the solar system that makes them free from this drawback. Modern space systems allow to form a global integrated information field directed towards the Earth that carries the data adequate to global threats and risks. The above mentioned field s main sources are: Satellites of navigation systems (GLONASS, GPS, etc.); the Earth remote sensing satellites of various classes and functions; communication satellites; satellites of search and rescue tracking system COSPAS-SARSAT; Scientific research manned and automatic space vehicles. What would be very promising is the global satellite information system for international security that allows monitoring violations of international treaties and agreements concerning missile launches and nuclear weapons proliferation. Such system can be considered an alternative to the Ballistic missile defense system data component, 3

4 created by the USA. Russian political leaders have repeatedly offered to develop the global satellite information system for international security on a cooperative basis. In view of the new US administration s refusal to deploy elements of the ballistic missile defense system in Poland and in the Czech Republic, real possibilities have appeared for this system s implementation. The global integrated information field allows multi-scale monitoring of ecological environment, hazardous natural phenomena and processes, technological disasters and emergency situations, land resources use control as well as monitoring in the interests of various economic activity sectors. The report also considers the risk management issue, including monitoring and forecasting using different adverse processes development models, management decisions informational support and execution control. General Anatoly N. Perminov, Head, Russian Federal Space Agency ROSCOSMOS Space Branch of Ukraine Dr. Oleksandr A. Zinchenko, Director General, National Space Agency of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine General global trends in space activities development demand an active search of its place by Ukraine at the markets of space services and in the international labor differentiation system. I d like to note that taking into account all the indexes Ukraine ranks in the first twenty developed space nations of the world, and in some areas in the first ten of those. The Earth Remote System (ERS) is such a branch of space activities where Ukraine has a capability to develop domestic space means in a closed-cycle for environmental monitoring from designing phase to the launch of space crafts, reception and utilization of received data. Starting from 2010, the formation of Ukrainian ERS satellite grouping on orbit is planned with optical, at the first stage, and later on radio-frequency bands, so as elaboration of the National geo-informational support system, which foresees exploitation of the informational services for the interested consumers with scientific-methodological assistance of the National Space Agency of Ukraine (NSAU). Moreover, it is planned an active movement on the world market of supply on commercial creation of the space craft grouping for geo-monitoring systems of the countries, prone to contingencies, development of the international virtual ERS grouping systems, joint development of aerospace data processing technologies, elaboration of the legal base etc. Efficiency improvement in utilization of satellite data is a priority of the National Space Program of Ukraine for One of the active areas is establishment of the ongoing interagency system of space geo-informational support GEO-UA for the informational assistance of managerial decisions and providing of sustainable development. Development of the first thematic informational services GEO-UA has been started already in the following applicable areas: agricultural resources control; monitoring of the Black Sea and Azov Sea waters; providing of space weather information. To the end of current year, the Concept of national policy implementation in the field of space activities till 2030 will be elaborated and approved. This Concept determines priorities and 4

5 strategic areas of space activities, so as the mechanisms and means for implementation of the state policy in this field. In particular, the document foresees broadening of strategic partnership with Russian Federation and Brazil, execution of the joint scientific-technical programs with regional economic groups (EU, CIS) and powerful states regional leaders (USA, China, India) by means of participation in the international programs and realization of the own prestigious projects. One of important results of state policy realization is elaboration of the National system of geo-informational support, as a part of European Global space observation system on behalf of environment preservation and security GMES and Global Earth Observation Space System GEOSS, so as the activation of cooperation in the Global system of the oceans and seas observation GOOS. Along with, NSAU together with structural subdivisions of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is a member of European international system of spatial data INSPIRE, collaborates with European Space Agency, space agencies of the Russian Federation, Germany, France, CIS member-states and other countries (in total over 20). Thereby, Ukraine supports an idea of elaboration of the International Global Aerospace Monitoring System (IGMASS) of the global natural and manmade acts. Ukrainian experts as members of the research group, organized within International Academy of Astronautics are actively working on this issue. The System is considered by us as an effective additional international mechanism, recognized by UN, which would give an opportunity to use the present aerospace capabilities of Ukraine with a goal to provide global forecast and prevention of the natural disasters and manmade catastrophes. Space and Security of Humanity Prof. Valery A. Menshikov, IAA Trustee, Director, A. A. Maksimov Space Systems Research Institute, Head of IGMASS Project of IAA, Yubileinyy, Moscow Region, Russia The paper is devoted to the issues and prospects of the creation of International Global Monitoring Aerospace System (IGMASS), to solve global issues of contemporary humankind and to guarantee seismic, ecological and geophysical security, preventing global risks and threats of the 21st century and developing forms and methods of distance education on a global scale. The authors analyze contemporary world s space activities and sustainable development; the role of advanced space technologies in reducing the risks and threats posed by dramatic phenomena and man-caused disasters of the present on the basis of some philosophical aspects of cosmonautics: development of the ideas of cosmism and cosmic consciousness issues. Prof. Valery A. Menshikov, IAA Trustee, Director, of the Maksimov Space Systems Research Institute, Head of IGMASS Project of IAA In the paper you can also be introduced with the purposes of creation, main tasks, variants of deployment and functioning of the International Global Monitoring Aerospace System; main principles of its creation, system management, aerospace monitoring data acquisition, compilation, using and acceptance; humanitarian, economic and ecological aspects of the IGMASS s appearance, development and utilization, role of IAA activities in field of solving dozens complicated questions mentioned above. 5

6 Training of Experts for International Aerospace System for Monitoring оf Global Geophysical Phenomena and Forecasting of Natural and Man-Made Disasters Prof. Efim M. Malitikov, Chairman, Interstate Committee of CIS on Knowledge Promotion and Adult Education, President, International Association Znanie, Co-Chairman of Symposium s Organizing Committee, Minsk, CIS Apart form technical means, International Global Monitoring Aerospace System (IGMASS) has to be provided with workforce. In Russia alone the number of workplaces will exceed 100 thousand, while in the world it could be more than one million approximately. However neither Russia, nor any other country has enough quantity of workers with adequate qualification. Therefore one of the aims of IGMASS is mass education of experts on monitoring and forecasting of natural disasters, as well as experts in allied sciences and analogous art. Prof. Efim M. Malitikov, President, International Association Znanie Taking into consideration global nature of IGMASS one should state that traditional pedagogy with classroom or lection systems is unable to complete the task. On one hand, potential workers of IGMASS live in various and quite often hard-to-reach and remote from university centers parts of the world. On the other hand, in order to educate large amount of experts we need a whole army of teachers, who have to be trained preliminary. International Association Znanie is suggesting using satellite technologies of distance education for professional training of experts for IGMASS. Consequently, the system of distance education has to be considered as an integral part of IGMASS project in general. The Association is ready to take upon itself the training of experts for IGMASS. We have everything necessary for this at our disposal. Some years ago the Association established World University for Long Distance Education in London. Gradually, it will become distributor of the best educational content of leading universities and professors of the world, a planetary knowledge exchange. International Cooperation on Small Satellite Development Ms. Larisa Beach - Vice-President, Space Systems, Neptee (on behalf of Dr. Milind Pimprikar, Founder and Chairman, CANEUS Int. and Centre for Large Space Structures & Systems), Toronto, Canada CANEUS Participants from Canada, Europe, USA and Asia agreed that in order to open up the market for small satellites and facilitate dialogue between the many stakeholders in the industry, it was necessary to create an international consortium for the coordination and standardization of the small satellite industry. The CANEUS Small Satellite Sector Consortium aims to take an approach similar to that designed for the semiconductor industry, namely the SEMATECH industry group. The Small Sat Sector Consortium focuses on providing opportunities for industry representatives to participate in cutting-edge technical discussions while establishing the future direction of the small satellite industry. It oversees five projects and initiatives dedicated to (a) developing standards so as to ensure international interoperability, (b) identifying launch opportunities and services, (c) providing stakeholder liaison and strategic development, (d) addressing Intellectual Property and ITAR issues in accordance with CANEUS International s broader mission, and (e) organizing launch certification services. This presentation describes Small Satellite developments within the international cooperation framework of the CANEUS network. Space Monitoring and Natural Disasters: Case study Post Tsunami Banda Aceh District Prof. Carlo Ulivieri, Head, Department of Aerospace and Astronautics Engineering, La Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Remotely sensed data reveals an unparallel view of the Earth for systems that require synoptic or periodic observations such as control, surveying and environment monitoring. The advancement of remote sensing has made remote sensed data more affordable and available to integrate with different data sources. The potential of high and 6

7 low resolution satellite data, integrated with a geographic information system has been widely demonstrated and offers excellent opportunities to be used as a basis and as input in planning logistics for response scenarios, planning evacuation routes, creating a long term database on risk assessment and relief management. The natural disasters strike countries, developed and developing, causing enormous destruction and creating human suffering and producing a negative impact on national economies. The Indian subcontinent is prone to all types of natural disaster whether they be flood, drought, cyclone earthquake or forest fire etc. The available statistics evidences that 60% of the total area of the Indian subcontinent is vulnerable to seismic activity of varying intensity. Remote sensing is used for the management of the post emergency in Banda Aceh (On 26 Dec 2004, a magnitude 9.0 earthquake occurred off the west coast of northern Sumatra, Indonesia.). An application of remote sensing and GIS in a post Tsunami case has been illustrated. The active and passive data are used for the areas of Banda Aceh City and the Andaman islands and then compared. The multi sensor data and the different digital image processing methods used were effective tools for the monitoring and the management. The results are the change detection maps for the post emergency management. The integration with the GIS system was able to enhance the result of the change detection algorithm. The objectives of using remote sensing data for tsunami disaster monitoring are the cartographic mapping of land and water, change accuracy assessment in the coastal and in the inland area and the emphasizing how high frequency of the suitable sensor for land cover changes and its large extent acquisition are very useful for mapping and for emergency relief logistics The different earth observation data give a synoptic overview and provides very useful environmental information, for a wide range of scales with details of a few meters. Remote sensing data were useful for a post-tsunami damage evaluation, mapping the new situation and updating the database for the area reconstruction. In terms of benefits to emergency responders, urban damage functions generated from remote sensing coverage allow an accelerated rate of response, while guiding the scale of response efforts and resource allocation. They provide further critical information to international aid agencies, supporting logistical planning and deployment of equipment. The Aims and Tasks of Space Activity within the Framework of Belorussian National Space Program Prof. Alexander V. Tuzikov, Director General, «Joint Institute of Informatics Problem», Belorussian National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, Belorussia Formation of the National Space Programme is specified by socio-political significance and national importance and is determined by a series of tasks, which can be most effectively solved with the help of space technologies and systems, that have a significant impact on socio-economic situation in the country, safety of people living on its territory, more rational nature management, improving ecological situation in the areas of active human impact on the environment. The development tasks of space activities in the Republic of Belarus are inter-industrial and interdepartmental; therefore it is the programme that provides solution of numerous socio-economic, organizational and economical, legal, scientific and other tasks, connected with the resources, executors and realization time. The implementation in the programme of the mechanism of using state support along with other types of investment aimed at settlement strategic directions of space industry development is very important. It requires integration and management of the efforts of scientific, educational and industrial organizations in different fields headed by the state. The main aim of the National Space Programme is the development and effective use of scientific and technological potential of Belarus in the development of space facilities and technologies to gain social and economic objectives to the benefit of branches of economy, safety of people and increasing level of science and education within the country. The main tasks of the Belorussian Space programme are: development of earth remote sensing spacecrafts and advanced technology of space engineering; establishment of ground infrastructure for receiving, processing and importing space information and spacecraft management; development of information space technologies and systems, their implementation in various fields of social and economic life; carrying out researches, scientific and engineering work on developing basic blocks, systems and advanced technology of space engineering; implementation of the system of training, retraining and personnel development in the field of space activities; formation of the national policy in the field of space activities. 7

8 Prospects of the Russian Space Assets Integration into the International Emergencies Monitoring and Mitigation Systems Dr. Valeriy V.Borisov, Deputy Director General, FSUE TSNIIMASH, Korolyev, Moscow Region, Russia The report considers actual issues of the natural and man-caused emergencies early warning and mitigation using the space assets potential. The spacecraft of today are of a number of unique capabilities stipulating high efficiency of their application for this purpose, including the global observation capacity and quick data download. It is shown that the satellite monitoring system provide for the early warning of the emergencies caused by the lithospheric, meteorological, geological and anthropogenic processes. The quick receiving of the monitoring information from the spacecraft significantly improves the emergencies forecasting by an order of magnitude. The global quick response monitoring can be accomplished by mean of the international early warning and mitigation space systems deployment only. The paper considers a number of the actual international projects, including GEOSS, GMES, Sentinel Asia, DMC and UN SPIDER. The prospects are discussed of Russian Earth remote sensing satellite constellations deployment that could provide data for the integrated early warning and mitigation systems as well as existing approaches to the Earth remote sensing data processing and integration into the emergencies identification and mitigation system. The recommendations are provided for the national spacecraft further integration into the international space-based emergencies early warning and mitigation systems. Small Satellite Earth Monitoring Missions - Potential and Trends Dr. Rainer Sandau, Chief Scientist, German Aerospace Centre, Bonn, Germany There is an increasing need for Earth Observation (EO) missions to meet the information requirements in connection with monitoring of global natural and man-caused phenomena. This is perhaps most clearly seen in the many current moves for international co-operation in the field of environment where measurements from Earth Observing satellites are an essential element. This is especially so where we need to acquire, analyze and use data documenting the condition of the Earth s resources and environment on a long-term (permanent) basis. Dr. Rainer Sandau, Chief Scientist, German Aerospace Centre, Bonn, Germany In 2008 the Group on Earth Observations, which currently numbers some 74 countries, the European Commission and 51 participating organizations, has concrete plans for its Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS). In 2008 the European Union s Space Council continued to advance Europe s Space Policy, reaffirming the need for rapid implementation of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) programme. There are more initiatives in place or on the way based on the motivation to monitor the environmental phenomena globally. From the space-borne remote sensing point of view, the only way to meet the information requirements is to pursue activities to develop and operate cost-effective Earth observations missions, especially small satellite missions. Actually, cost-effective Earth observation missions are supported by four contemporary trends: Advances in electronic miniaturization and progress in many other fields of technology in combination with the associated performance capability; The recent appearance on the market of new small launchers (e.g. through the use of modified military missiles to launch small satellites); 8

9 The possibility of independence in space (small satellites can provide an affordable way for many countries to achieve Earth Observation and/or defense capability, without relying on inputs from the major space-faring nations); Ongoing reduction in mission complexity as well as in those costs associated with management; with meeting safety regulations etc. Some advantages of small satellite missions, complementing the large complex missions, are: more frequent mission opportunities and therefore faster return of science and application data, larger variety of missions and therefore also greater diversification of potential users, more rapid expansion of the technical and/or scientific knowledge base, fast implementation of space systems addressing new questions to be answered. The actual status of small satellite missions is summarized taking into account the ground segment, the launch segment, and the space segment. The latter is elaborated in more detail in terms of performance and prospects. Constellations and formations are other aspects considered. Development of Adaptation principles of Space-rocket Complexes to be used for Missions of Mitigation of Asteroids and Comets Threat Dr. Vladimir G. Degtyar, Director General, Constructor General, Open JSC «Academician V.P. Makeev State Rocket Centre», Moscow, Russia Task analysis, connected with the necessity of mitigation of asteroid and comet threat shows that the task can be solved upon essential condition such as: early detection and characterization of a dangerous space object (DSO); timely and safe transportation of striking modules to the DSO, providing run-away of the dangerous object from the falling trajectory or its destruction to safe elements; development of spacecrafts and launch vehicles with characteristics that provide guaranteed reduction to acceptable limits of risk in security and ecological compatibility. Systems conceptual studies show that to solve these tasks is possible through the development and use on the existing and future missile systems of universal striking space vehicle ( Kapkan ), which contains several striking modules and space vehicle-scout ( Kaissa ). Providing guaranteed security requires the use of missile systems for spacecraft launches, which are operating on environmentally friendly propellants, and at the same time implementation capacity a wide range of orbits, a short period for preparation for launch, ecological security. Analysis of the ways of providing security now allows defining in quality launch vehicles for offered space vehicles LV "Soyuz-2" and future LV "Rus-M", which by their characteristics carrying capacity, range capability, reliability and environmental friendliness more completely meet the requirements of mitigation of asteroid and comet threat. Realization of the proposals will provide protection of the Earth from DSO up to 300 m in diameter for LV "Soyuz-2" and up to m in diameter for LV "Rus-M". Launch Services & Solutions: Serving Security of Humanity Mr. Mishel Doubovick - Vice-President, Arianespace Since 1980, Arianespace has placed space at the center of everyday life: for Science (understanding the Universe, Earth, monitoring the environment, for security, delivering information, communications, connecting the world. In this new global, digital, interactive and mobile world, Arianespace is launching the most advanced satellites (broadband connectivity, mobile communications, navigation, Earth observation) serving 73 customers, Arianespace has already launched 276 payloads representing more than 50% of operational commercial satellites. From contract signature to in orbit delivery, Arianespace is committed to: provide financing, insurance and schedule assurance, procure launchers from industrial manufacturers and monitor their quality, perform the missions: mission analyses and interface validation, satellite, launcher and combined operations, launch facilities and launch operations. With orders from 29 customers worldwide, Arianespace has the largest order book in the industry: 28 GTO satellites to launch (Ariane 5, Soyuz), 7 Ariane 5 institutional launches (6 ATV), 11 Soyuz specific launches Arianespace can launch the heaviest payloads: the capacity to launch any mass, dual launch with Ariane 5 ECA: twice as many launch opportunities as the competition. Arianespace can also launch smaller programs: the perfect solution to address replacement needs and new markets (especially for Earth monitoring). This option is particularly optimized for quick program delivery combined operations of Ariane 5 and Soyuz at CSG will allow a flawless dual launch system. 9

10 As the launch services world leader, Arianespace is continuing providing Launch Services & Solutions. Success proven organization, qualified and stabilized launchers configuration sustained high Ariane 5 ECA launch rate in 2009: 6 launches, 11 spacecrafts, strengthened order book securing availability permanently and in the long-run. In 2009: 10 new launch contracts for GTO satellites, 4 new contracts for Soyuz launches. This is a reference for any program dedicated to space and global security of humanity Russian-Belarusian System of Remote Sensing of the Earth as a Prototype of the International Global Monitoring Aerospace System (IGMASS) Prof. Kirill A. Boyarchuk, Deputy Director General-Designer General, All-Russia Research Institute of Electro-mechanics with the Plant named after A.G. Iosifian VNIIEM, Moscow, Russia Earth monitoring is one of the urgent tasks of the national economy and science focused on such global issues as man-induced climatic change and the state of environment. The satellite data is the most important source of information for environmental monitoring; effective use of the satellite data is possible only along with the application of state-of-the-art information technologies ensuring automatic receiving, processing, archiving and timely provision of emergency data to the relevant state services. The international community is trying to solve this problem using the remote sensing systems that have already been launched and that will be launched in future, for instance the European GMES system (Global Monitoring of Environment and Security) and to some extent the US National System for Geospatial Intelligence (NSGI); both of these projects make use of the GIS based on the networking technologies; the information on the service area from different sources including the SC, aircraft, ground and sea-based sensors, as well as the socio-economic data is collected (for example the demographic, sanitary and epidemiological and cadastral data, etc.). The development and implementation of an integrated program of space-based Earth remote sensing systems application reflecting the convergence of information and communication technologies, as well as network technologies is one of the components of a sustainable development of any modern society. Canopus-V and Belarusian satellite will be placed in orbit using one launch vehicle with subsequent separation of these satellites. Therefore we can speak about the creation of an international Earth remote sensing space system. The Neoglobus environment is a complete (uninterrapted) global coverage with orthotransformed, geo-fixed space images. Cartographic (mathematical) basis of Neoglobus can be made up by different cartographical projections. Global space images are based on space images of medium and high resolution received, for instance, from Meteor-M, Canopus-V and Belarusian Satellite. Actual Issues of Cosmonautics of XXI Century Prof. Anatoliy S. Koroteev, President, Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky, Director, Keldysh Research Centre, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia Contemporary space activity characterizes by wide spectrum of tasks and requirements to their maintenance. Traditional directions of space activities are: global satellite communications and television, high-accuracy satellite navigation, weather and ecological monitoring, Earth remote sensing for natural resources exploration and cartography, fundamental space researches in the field of planetology, studying of Sun and Solar Earth interactions, searching for extraterrestrial forms of life, investigation of Universe structure, manned missions on long-term orbital stations with the realization of vast program of scientific-applied researches and solving of a number of important tasks in interests of the defense and the providing of strategic security. Therefore due to modern cosmonautics mainly solves tasks of informational support; power supplies of nowadays spacecrafts (1 5 kw per 1 ton of spacecraft weight) are insufficient for advanced space tasks In the nearest future advanced space activity will require new power recourses for the number of perspective missions. Among them: perfection of the space technologies and informational support (communications, environmental monitoring, etc.) on the basis of nanotechnologies introduction and other advanced engineering decisions; development of space manufacturing technologies, using space vacuum, «zero» gravity, extraterrestrial raw materials and energetic resources (manufacturing of products with properties that are unachievable in case of ground-based production); development of permanently manned space stations with crew s long staying onboard with the purpose of the life support technology development for the interplanetary missions; creation of manned lunar bases and step-by-step infrastructure development for studying and exploration of the Moon; realization of the manned missions to Mars; development of a system for Earth protection from asteroid and comet threats; development of a system for power supply from the space to the Earth and other different purpose space vehicles 10

11 with high level of power supply. Solution of these advanced space tasks at medium-term ( ) and longterm (after ) perspective requires substantial increasing of the power level of space systems. Prof. Anatoliy S. Koroteev, President, Russian Academy of Cosmonautics named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky What s why returning of nuclear power engineering to space on new technological level and development of nuclear power propulsion systems are necessary condition for solving of important advanced tasks in near and deep space, development of the cosmonautics of XXI century. Main advantages of such approach are: independence of power production from orbit lighting, spacecraft orientation and distance from the Sun (deep space mission is possible); feasibility of high-power systems; opportunity to use high-efficient plasma thrusters. The School of Aerospace Engineering of University of Roma: From Aeronautics to Astronautics Prof. Filippo Graziani, Dean, the School of Aerospace Engineering, University of Rome, Italy The presentation was devoted to the main spheres of today s learning activities of The School of Aerospace Engineering of University of Roma: it includes Laurea degree in Astronautical Engineering (2 years); PhD Courses in Aerospace Engineering (3 years); Master in Satellites and Orbiting Structures (1 year); Master in Aerospace Nanotechnologies (1 year) and special Astronautical classes for high.school students. Practice of Hands-on space education includes following directions of the School activities: Improving students training courses, Stimulating interest and creativity, Enriching imagination, Promoting space culture along with team work (work together), Interactive work (exchange information), Multidisciplinary work (global view into the learning and teaching questions). Space engineering is system engineering6 what s why the school widely use student s Practical work (put in practice theoretical knowledge) and Challenging work (linked to the state-of-the-art technology and scientific challenges). The School has and supports study and scientific contacts with the number of International institutions/ Among them: Stanford University (USA) Microsatellites, Dniepropetrovs k University (Ukraine) LUNISAT Project, Kiev Polytechnic Institute (Ukraine) Solar Panels, Yuzhnoye Plant (Ukraine) Lunar Vehicle, Keldysh Institute for Applied Mathematics (Russia) Sensors, Moscow Lomonosov State University (Russia) Attitude Control, Southampton University Electric propulsion for Microsatellites, University of Beira Interior (Covilha) Microsatellites Dynamics, University of Londrina (Brazil) Scaled Rockets, SUPAERO Satellites Constellations, NASA Joint Campaign for Space Debris Monitoring (IADC Program), NASA-JPL Cassini Mission and Beijeen University (China)- Navig ation Since 1990 an educational program has been established at the Scuola di Ingegneria Aerospaziale for didactical purposes. The tradition of manufacturing and launching satellites is still continuing at the Scuola di Ingegneria Aerospaziale even if in smaller scale. The Gruppo di Astrodinamica dell Università degli Studi la Sapienza (G.A.U.S.S.) has promoted since the early 90 the UNISAT Program for educational purposes in order to involve directly the students in the design and realization of university microsatellites launched from the Baikonour (Kazakistan) cosmodrome using the DNIEPR L.V.. Space Debris optical observations program (SPADE Program) is also operative. 11

12 Finally, School s practice of space education dives an unique opportunities for promoting space culture, enriching imagination, stimulating their interest and creativity, exchanging design and manufacturing experiences, acquisition of launch opportunities and test facilities, frequencies permission (e.g. educational frequency band), planning ground station network and iimproving students training courses and team-working in the frame of International cooperation, useful negotiation and mutual understanding. 12