T cnologías Espaciales de ORA CLE ORA Carlos Niño eospa ial.co ial.c m.co m.c

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1 Oracle Logo

2 Tecnologías Espaciales de ORACLE Carlos Niño 1

3 Tópicos Entender como utilizar tecnologías espaciales de ORACLE Principios Tecnológicos de manejo de información geográfica de ORACLE Características Locator, Spatial, Mapviewer, Mapbuilder, LRS, 3D y más.

4 Evolucion de GIS El pasado Hoy Application Application Application Monolithic GIS Proprietary APIs Spatial Middleware Open APIs Map Server Proprietary Files Standalone Database DBMS Tradicional Tradicional Database Con funcionalidad Espacial Middleware Proprietario Plataforma Internet

5 Oracle11g Spatial - Funcionalidad Spatial Indexing Spatial Data Types Po int s lyg Po es L in ons e1 f1 e3 e2 n2 f2 n1 e4 Oracle10g Spatial Todo dato espacial almacenado en la base de datos Accesso rapido a su data espacial Analisis Espacial con SQL SELECT a.nombre_de_cliente, a.numero_de_telefono FROM clientes_de_seguro a WHERE sdo_within_distance( a.geom, via_de_huracan_geom, distance = 20 unit = km ) = TRUE ;

6 Spatial Data Types Puntos Lineas Poligonos Poligonos con huecos Circulos Arcos Rectangulos Elementos Compound

7 R Tree Índice Espacial Cual de millones de calles tiene interacción con esta región? Primero compara geometrías simplificadas o rectángulos Aplica optimización interior Solo compara coordenadas cuando es necesario

8 Data Espacial en Tablas de Oracle Fisher Circle Coop Court 85th St. Calles CLAVE NOMBRE MATERIA VIAS 1 Fisher Cir. Asfalto 4 2 Coop Ct. Asfalto Th St. Asfalto 2 GEOMETRIA

9 R-Tree Indice Espacial En el indice, cada geometria esta simplificada como un rectangulo Mas rapido comparar rectangulos Filtro primario solo compara simplificaciones Filtro secundario solo compara lo resultados de un filtro primario Spatial Layer Primary Filter R-Tree Spatial Index Reduced Data Set Secondary Filter Spatial Operators Result Set

10 Operadores Espaciales Mucha funcionalidad con operadores Implementado como extensiones a SQL Operadores Topologicos Inside Touch Covers Equal Inside Contains Disjoint Covered By Overlap Boundary Operadores de Distancia Within Distance Nearest Neighbor 50 0 m et e rs Within Distance

11 Analisis Espacial Con SQL Encuentra edificios a 500 metros del edificio #902 SQL> SELECT a.building_id 2> FROM base_buildings a, 3> base_buildings b 4> WHERE b.building_id = 902 5> AND MDSYS.SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE( 6> a.location, b.location, 7> distance=500 unit=meter ) 8> = TRUE ; 50 0 m et er s

12 Funciones Espaciales Original Union Funciones espaciales dentro del servidor Union, Difference, Intersect, etc. Spatial Aggregates Buffer Point at bearing To_GML Geometry Validations Length Area Distance Etc Difference Intersect XOR Buffer

13 Longitude/Latitude Consideraciones Whole Earth Model (Modelo del mundo completo) P3 P1 P4 P2 P1 y P2 separado por 1 grado (aproximadamente 111 Km) P3 y P4 separado por 1 grado (aproximadamente 10 Km) Oracle Spatial puede hacer analisis directamente en dato Longitude/Latitude

14 Coordinate Systems Soporte para el modelo del mundo completo (latitude/longitude o whole Earth model ) Calculos elipticos Calculos precisos para area y distancia (soporte para unidades) Soporte para geometrias que cruzan los polos o el meridiano 180 Soporte para dato proyectado Calculos cartesianos Soporte para muchas sistemas: UTM, State Plane, y mucho mas Soporte para data que no tiene relacion al mundo, por ejemplo, sistema local (en centimetros) para piezas de un avion Suporte para EPSG Oracle 10g Version 2 en adelante

15 Via De Un Barco Que Cruza el Meridiano 180

16 Oracle Spatial Linear Referencing Systems (LRS)

17 Que es Linear Referencing (LRS)? Usado en muchas aplicaciones de GIS, como: transporte (red de calles) utilities (tuberia de petroleo, lineas electricas) Kilometro 60 Kilometro 27 Kilometro 0 (55,20,60) (50,15,53.8) (30,10,27) (5,10,0) (45,10,44) (15,5,11.2) (40,5,38)

18 LRS Concepts Corte de medida 5 a 20 Dynamic Segmentation (55,20,60) (50,15,53.8) (30,10,27) (5,10,0) (45,10,44) (15,5,11.2) (40,5,38) (53,18) queda en medida Locate Point

19 Pipeline Asset Management Example System requirements Linear reference each section of the pipeline and store: associated diameters locations valve locations Pipeline Table PIPE_ID SUS1105 SUS1106 SUS1107 GEOMETRY INSTALL_DATE... lrs geom 05-Feb-1997 lrs geom 08-Feb-1997 lrs geom 09-Feb-1997

20 Pipeline Asset Management Example (continued) Pipeline Section Table Section # Pipe_ID SUS1105 SUS1105 SUS1105 Start M. End M. Diameter Pipeline Valve Table Pipe_ID Measure SUS1105 SUS1105 SUS Valve ID Note: No explicit vertices are needed to define the pipeline sections or valves

21 LRS Application Oracle Spatial US Airspace Boundary Crossing Application Oracle Spatial functions to calculate intersection of flight paths and US airspaces. Linear Referencing to interpolate the time and altitude for entry/exit points of US airspace. Accurately charge foreign carriers for the amount of time in US airspace. (Longitude, Latitude, Altitude, Time) Actual radar blip Computed (Lon/Lat, Alt, Time)

22 Oracle Spatial Spatial Aggregate Functions

23 Spatial Aggregate Functions - Ejemplo Genera el estado de New York, agregando condados SELECT SDO_AGGR_UNION(sdo_aggr_type(a.geometry, 0.5) FROM counties WHERE state = 'New York';

24 SDO_AGGR_CONVEXHULL Imagina un elastico alrededor de pozos contaminados Dinamicamente genera una region nueva Mas analisis con la region nueva, por ejemplo: Busca empresas quimicas dentro de 10 km al limite de la region nueva Pozos sin contaminacion Pozos contaminados

25 Companeros de Oracle Spatial Geospatial Tool Providers Specialty Systems Integrators NAVIGATE Data Providers

26 Oracle Spatial 10g New Features Summary GeoRaster data type Persistent Topology data type Network Data Model Spatial Analysis and Mining Geocoder in the database Routing Engine

27 Oracle Spatial GeoRaster

28 Raster Data and Cell Size Cuadriculos grandes Cuadriculos pequenos

29 Raster/Vector Diferencias Vector Data Vector Coordinates , , , , , , , , , , , , , Raster Data

30 Grid Raster Data A Value Attribute Table (VAT) is used to map the stored numeric values to the meaning of that value An example value attribute table for geological raster data CELL VALUE GEOLOGICAL PERIOD Quaternary Tertiary Paleocene-Cretaceous Mesozoic Gondwana Early Palaeozoic Proterozoic Early Proterozoic Archaean Blank Cell (no data) Stored cell values A value attribute table can also contain user-defined columns

31 Grid Raster Data A COLORMAP table is used to map the stored numeric values to the display characteristics of that value An example COLORMAP table for geological raster data CELL VALUE 1 2 Red Green Blue

32 Geological Map of India (Grid Raster Data) Quaternary Tertiary Paleocene-Cretaceous Mesozoic Gondwana Early Palaeozoic Late Proterozoic Early Proterozoic Archaean

33 Raster Data Concepts (Digital Imagery) Digital Imagery - a specialized type of raster data Examples include: Satellite imagery Airborne photographs others

34 Image Data Some bands may accentuate different features

35 Blocking Index very large rasters into smaller blocks Interleave multi-band raster Band sequential (BSQ) Band interleaved by pixel (BIP) Band interleaved by line (BIL) 4 4 blocks

36 Pyramids Pyramid level 2 Pyramid level 1 Pyramid level 0 (raw data) Pyramid level

37 GeoRaster: Compression Natively support two industry standard compression techniques JPEG (lossy) JPEG-B (abbreviated baseline JPEG format) JPEG-F (full-format baseline JPEG format) DEFLATE (lossless) (a.k.a. ZIP) All GeoRaster operations work on compressed/uncompressed GeoRaster objects Automatic decompression on sub-set operations

38 Advanced New Feature Geocoder Geocoding Engine included in the database Generates latitude/longitude (points) from address Supports: International addressing standardization Formatted and unformatted addresses Transaction and batch capabilities Base data available from NAVTEQ & TeleAtlas Navteq partners (ADCI) Download sample data from ADCI Servlet model new in 10g Release 2 Regional partners around the world, for example Gempi for Brasil support

39 Advanced New Feature Router Routing algorithms included in the database Generates driving directions XML API Base data available from NAVTEQ & TeleAtlas Download sample data from ADCI Regional partners around the world, for example Gempi for Brasil support

40 Oracle Spatial Modelo Topologico

41 Introducion Modelo Topologico Modelo Objecto G5 n3 e1 e10 e3 f1 G1 n2 e2 G2 n4 f2 n1 e4 n5 n6 e5 G3 G4 e6 n7 f3 e8 n8 f0 e9 e7 n9

42 Un Ejemplo Topologico Parcelas Parcela 1 asociado con poligono F1 Parcela 2 asociado con poligono F2 Las dos parcelas incluyen a segmento E3 Rios Rio 1 asociado con segmento E3 (y segmentos E1 y E5) E4 Parcela 2 E3 E1 N1 F2 N2 E2 E5 N3 F1 Parcela 1 Rio 1 N4

43 Oracle Spatial Network Data Model (Modelo de Red)

44 Network Data Model (Modelo de Red) Open Data Model For Graph Analysis Store network (graph) structure in the database Maintains connectivity of the network Attributes at link and node level Supports Network solutions (Tracing & Routing) Transportation and Transit Solutions Field Service, Logistics Location based Services and Telematics Bio-Info Pathways (Life Sciences) Biological Pathways Protein-Protein Interaction Network Viewer

45 Oracle Spatial 10g Spatial Analysis and Mining

46 Spatial Analytic Functions Discovery based on Spatial Patterns Cluster analisis (analisis agrupado) Location prospecting (candidatos probables)

47 SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_GEOMETRY: Example ( , ) New York Queens King s % COUNTY COVERED COUNTY ST TOTPOP BY WINDOW Queens NY Kings NY New York NY SELECT SDO_SAM.AGGREGATES_FOR_GEOMETRY( 'GEOD_COUNTIES', 'GEOM', 'sum', 'totpop', SDO_GEOMETRY(2001, 8307, SDO_POINT_TYPE( , ,NULL), NULL, NULL), 'distance=3 unit=mile') FROM DUAL;

48 Standards Are Important SQL/MM Methods and OGC Standards GET_WKB() Get Well Known Text GET_WKT() Get Well Known Binary set long 500; SELECT A.GEOM.GET_WKT() FROM polygon_table a WHERE id = 1; A.GEOM.GET_WKT() POLYGON (( , , , , ))

49 Fully exploit and support Standardsbased, IT Architecture Scalability - large data volume Availability tens of thousands of users Security protect sensitive location data Performance timely query response Accessibility to enterprise applications Manageability leverage IT resources

50 Local Partitioned Spatial Indexes Major benefits are performance and manageability of very large data sets EXCHANGE PARTITION INCLUDING INDEXES supported for spatial indexes too Customer example: Requirement: Ingest and maintain 2 days of weather data online 270,000 samples every 30 seconds Implemented with: 30 second partitions (5760 partitions over 2 days) New partitions rolled on, older partitions rolled off

51 Transportable Tablespaces and Spatial Very fast way to move large spatial dataset from one instance to another Can also archive data in TTS format, for example, rolling partitions that age out Spatial data - Transportable Spatial index - Also Transports

52 Oracle Application Server MapViewer

53 Oracle Application Server SOA MapViewer Web Map Server (genera mapas para el web) Viene incluido en el Oracle Application Server. No tiene costo adicional. Integrado con Oracle Spatial y Oracle Locator Es una manera facil para publicar mapas generados con el dato espacial almacenado en el tipo de dato nativo espacial de Oracle API: XML API Java API JSP Tag library OGC WMS API AJAX en la version MapViewer SOA

54 Oracle Application Server MapViewer Genera Mapas al Web Title Earthquakes Themes Legend Footnote

55 Display: Generate Powerful Maps

56 MapViewer with JDeveloper and Oracle BI Enterprise Edition Oracle JDeveloper Oracle BI EE

57 Oracle Application Server Version SOA Mapbuilder and MapViewer

58 MapBuilder SOA

59 MapViewer SOA - (Oracle Maps)

60 Oracle Locator Sin Costo Adicional Oracle Locator All Vector Data Types Spatial Operators Topological Distance Distance Function SDO_UTIL package Coordinate Transformations Long Transactions Table Partitioning* Object Replication* Oracle Label Security Viene incluido sin costo adicional con: Oracle XE Oracle Standard Edition Oracle Standard Edition One Oracle Enterprise Edition

61 Oracle Spatial All Locator features GeoRaster Data Type Topology Data Type Network Data Model Geocoding Routing Linear Referencing Spatial functions aggregates centroid, union, intersection, etc 3D Data type LIDAR and TIN Data Types WFS-T, CSW (Web Services) Oracle Enterprise Edition Lisenced Option

62 Aplicaciones Espaciales No Siempre Necesitan un GIS Toda organizacion quiere reducir costos La Tecnologia Espacial de Oracle contiene: Oracle Locator Oracle Standard Edition Oracle Enterprise Edition Oracle Application Server MapViewer Java Edition Standard Edition Enterprise Edition Utilize lo que ya tiene

63 Oracle 11g Spatial features

64 3D Data Management Oracle Spatial 11g

65 3-D Spatial Types 3D Types for points/lines/polygons/solids Specialized types for large volumes of 3D point data POINT CLOUD - Represent scenes as a set of 3-d points obtained using laser scanners etc. TIN triangulated surface representation 3D Coordinate Systems Address growing number of 3-d applications GIS, CAD/CAM VR, Medical Applications City Modeling

66 SDO_GEOMETRY for 3D Data Points Lines Simple Surfaces Y (4,2,2) (2,0,2) All points of a surface lie in a 3D plane A 3 point 3D polygon is the simplest surface Z A simple surface can have any polygonal shape (4,0,4) Composite surfaces has one or more connected simple surfaces It can be closed or open The simple surfaces in a composite surface can not cross each other surface of a cube is an example of a composite surface Cube has six simple surfaces Each simple surface is a 3D square

67 SDO_GEOMETRY for 3D Data Simple Solids Solids are composed of closed surfaces It has to have one outer surface and one or more interior surfaces Cube is an example of a simple solid A pyramid is another example of a simple solid Composite Solids Consists of n simple solids as a connected solid Can be represented as a simple solid with a composite surface Topologically there is an equivalent simple solid, but the composite solid representation is easier Example: A building composed of rooms Simple, composite solids: Always define a single contiguous volume

68 SDO_GEOMETRY for 3-D Data Support for multi-points, multi-lines, multi-surfaces, multi-solids Multi-solid is different from composite solid Follows GML3, ISO Specifications Export and Import support for CityGML

69 Some 3D SDO_GEOMETRY operations Spatial Indexing: R-trees SQL Spatial Operator support SDO_FILTER, SDO_ANYINTERACT, SDO_WITHIN_DISTANCE, SDO_NN PL/SQL Functions VALIDATE_GEOMETRY SDO_DISTANCE, SDO_GEOM.ANYINTERACT SDO_AREA, SDO_LENGTH, SDO_VOLUME SDO_CS.TRANSFORM (e.g. to/from CityGML)

70 Specialized Types for High Density 3D Point Data Large volumes of point data acquired by sensors LIDAR Sensors used to collect data inside buildings Millions of points used to model a scene SDO_GEOMETRY is not suitable for such data POINT CLOUD data type introduced to efficiently manage this type of point data TIN to create triangulation of such points

71 POINT CLOUD in Oracle Baltimore_PC table... zone_id population POINT_CLOUD SDO_PC point cloud point cloud 2 SDO_PC object PC_ID BLK_TABLE MORE METADATA... Ordinary Oracle table with a POINT_CLOUD column Each point cloud instance is associated with a block table

72 Each Point Cloud is Blocked TABLE of SDO_PC_BLK type Objid Table Column: Blkid PC_BLK_EXTENT: SDO_GEOMETRY Pts: OTHER LOB ATTRS POINT_CLOUD Point cloud partitioned into multiple blocks for granularity of access Each block is uniquely identified by Objid and Blkid Each point in the lob can have attributes stored in an optional table

73 Operations Spatial Operators Any spatial operator to search block extents: ANYINTERACT INSIDE Within Distance Nearest Neighbor Etc., CLIP_PC (Clip Point Cloud) 2D or 3D query window Returns points for any block whose extent intersects the query window Only points that intersect the query window are returned.

74 Operations Spatial Operators PC_BLK_TABLE CREATE PC Block Point Data CLIP_PC

75 TIN: Triangulated Irregular Network Definition Vector-based topological data model used to represent terrain/surface Contain a network of irregularly spaced triangles 3D surface representation derived from irregularly spaced points Each sample point has an x, y coordinate and a z value or surface value Node No X Y Z

76 TIN in Oracle Baltimore_TIN table... zone_id population TIN - SDO_TIN tin tin2 SDO_TIN object TIN_ID BLK_TABLE MORE METADATA... Ordinary Oracle table with a TIN column Each TIN instance instance is associated with a block table

77 Each TIN is Blocked TABLE of SDO_TIN_BLK type Objid Table Column: Blkid TIN_BLK_EXTENT: SDO_GEOMETRY Triangles: LOB OTHER ATTRS TIN TIN partitioned into multiple blocks for granularity of access Each block is uniquely identified by Objid and Blkid Each block has a LOB with all the triangles for that block Each point in the LOB can have attributes stored in an optional table

78 Operations Spatial Operators Any spatial operator to search block extents: ANYINTERACT INSIDE Within Distance Nearest Neighbor Etc., CLIP_TIN (Clip TIN) 2D or 3D query window Returns points for any block whose extent intersects the query window Only triangles that intersect the query window are returned.

79 Operations Spatial Operators TIN_BLK_TABLE CREATE TIN Point Data (table/point cloud) CLIP_TIN

80 3D Coordinate Systems Vertical Coordinate System One dimensional Height with regard to a base source. For example, with regard to sea level. Compound Coordinate System Geographic-2D (longitude/latitude) plus a vertical coordinate system Projected-2D plus a vertical coordinate system Geographic-3D Coordinate System Height with regard to the surface of an ellipsoid.

81 Spatial Feature Web Services WFS Transactional CSW 2.0 Catalog Service Web

82 Mas Recursos Examples, white papers, downloads, discussion forum, sample data, customer successes, partner information, more

83 Ejemplos On line ORACLE SPATIAL

84 Preguntas & Inquietudes