Increase In Vulnerabilities Of Mobile Broadband Network Infrastructure

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1 THE AVALANCHE OF VULNERABILITIES A PERSPECTIVE Mike Ahmadi Global Director of Critical Systems Security, Codenomicon

2 UNKNOWN VULNERABILITIES ARE BAD KNOWN VULNERABILITIES ARE A HUGE PROBLEM 2 Hospital central monitoring system with 1683 known vulnerabilities 378 of the vulnerabilities are in one (Java) runtime environment, meaning just updating the version will fix 378 vulnerabilities. This system is widely used throughout hospitals including government hospitals 2014 All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

3 MEDICAL ISSUES ARE WIDESPREAD 3 Infusion Pump Patient Monitor Brain Wave Monitoring Device (OS) Drug Library Brain Wave Monitoring Infusion Pump: Patient Monitor: Device: Drug Library: 55 Known 818 Known 181 Known Vulnerabilities 440 Known Vulnerabilities Vulnerabilities Vulnerabilities 182 Missing Exploit 49 Missing Exploit 6/17/2015 Mitigation Techniques Mitigation Techniques 2014 All Rights Reserved

4 LET S LOOK AT AN INDUSTRIAL CONTROL SYSTEM 4 SCADA system with over 20,000 licenses worldwide Customer reference list on website (including government customers) 702 exact match vulnerabilities in 10 components. 374 vulnerabilities in 1 java runtime Over 150 NIST CVSS critical in one component 2014 All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

5 SERIOUS NATURE OF SPECIFIC VULNERABILITIES 5 Over 150 vulnerabilities in Java scored CRITICAL Critical commonly means remotely executable with no authentication This means that there are potentially at least 150 fairly trivial ways to exploit the system 2014 All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

6 UNIQUE VULNERABILITIES GRAPH OVER TIME 6 Huge increase in number of vulnerabilities entering NIST CVE database in the last 3 years Massive spike since 2013 for common software components (such as Java, 2014 OpenSSL) All Rights Reserved Vulnerabilities in package combination of increase in discovered vulnerabilities and addition of new features Version Releases Over 1000% increase in CVEs between 2012 release and 2014 release 6/17/2015

7 INCREASE IN MALWARE ATTACKS ON INDUSTRIAL 3500% CONTROL SYSTEMS % 2866% 2500% 2000% 1500% 1000% 704% 500% 100% 0% source: Kaspersky Labs 2014 All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015 7

8 1200 GRAPH OF VULNERABILITIES IN HOSPITAL MONITORING SYSTEM OVER TIME 1000 As of total of 1094 unique CVEs Affected this software via now 30 vulnerable components. That is about 0.8 new CVEs / day Newest component on software was compiled in Nov This indicates That it was released with at least 509 unique CVEs affecting 24 components around end of 2012 or early Oldest compiled component on the software image was from Dec /15/2002 3/15/2003 3/15/2004 3/15/2005 3/15/2006 3/15/2007 3/15/2008 3/15/2009 3/15/2010 3/15/2011 3/15/2012 3/15/2013 3/15/ All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

9 CODE DECAY OVER TIME ROUTER Date of the oldest component found in the software ( ) 48 new unique CVEs affecting the product 12 months before release 289 new unique CVEs affecting the product during first 12 months of operations (approx 0.78 new CVEs per day during first 6 months) 600% Increase In Unique Vulnerabilities Discovered In Last Year Product Released / compiled ( ) Released with total of 400 unique CVEs 689 unique CVEs as of /31/2013 2/28/2008 4/28/2008 6/28/2008 8/28/ /28/ /28/2008 2/28/2009 4/30/2009 6/30/2009 8/31/ /31/ /31/2009 2/28/2010 4/30/2010 6/30/2010 8/31/ /31/ /31/2010 2/28/2011 4/30/2011 6/30/2011 8/31/ /31/ /31/2011 2/29/2012 4/30/2012 6/30/2012 8/31/ /31/ /31/2012 2/28/2013 4/30/2013 6/30/2013 8/31/ /31/2013 2/28/2014 4/30/2014 6/30/2014 8/31/ /31/ /31/ All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015 9

10 700 SMART TV SET Nov End of hours average lifespan of LCD TV screen Smart TV lineup launched: Nov/Dec 2011 One year product cycle One year standard warranty for parts and labor from the date of purchase Last firmware / SW update: Mar 2013 (*Approx. 178 unique CVEs affecting product at the moment of SW EoL) Approx new CVEs / day over the course of 23 months Today. March 1, unique CVEs in 23 components Nov 2014: security update to patch curl, openssl, flash_player, ffmpeg, libpng and freetype Estimated 2065 CVEs affecting Product by Nov 2022 based on historic 0.58 CWEs per day 7 more years of expected operation of the LCD TV ( based on 100,000 hours average lifespan ) 0 (* date may not be fully accurate, as e.g. partial OTA updates may have been delivered after this date as well ( see sec. update on Nov 2014) 2014 All Rights Reserved 6/17/ years 11/1/2022

11 INFORMATION WORKFLOW FED Database (420 Known Vulnerabilities) The Cloud HIE Database (420 Known Vulnerabilities) 11 Bank (HSC) Customer Database (420 Known Vulnerabilities) Hospital EHR Database (420 Known Vulnerabilities) Backup Server (30 Known Vulnerabilities) Patient Monitoring System (1580 Known Vulnerabilities) Infusion Pump (41 Known Vulnerabilities) Cash Data Analysis System (231 Known Vulnerabilities) Route r/firewall (689 Known Vulnerabilities) Router/Firewall (689 Known Vulnerabilities) Patient 2014 All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015 ATTACKER WORKFLOW

12 MEDJACK NOW THERE S A NAME FOR IT Report issued by security organization TrapX. From the article TrapX found that while many hospitals, for example, maintain solid IT departments with firewalls and other security solutions, these vulnerable medical devices are often left without patching. Attacker uses unpatched devices to get wherever they want to go. 12 Source: profilesmedjack threat/article/418811/ 2014 All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

13 ROYCE BILL: CYBER SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AND TRANSPARENCY ACT KEY PROVISIONS 13 For government agencies, software contracts must include clauses requiring: a confidentially supplied list, or a bill of materials, of each binary component that is used in the software, firmware, or product; the contractor to verify that products do not contain known security vulnerabilities and to notify the purchasing agency of any known vulnerabilities or defects; product designs to allow fixes with patches, updates, or replacements; and the contractor to provide timely repairs for discovered vulnerabilities All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

14 OPPOSITION ARGUMENTS We already do this: The data indicates that if this is already being done no action is being taken to resolve the issue. More likely it is not being done or being done quite poorly, and leaving us all at risk. Sharing a Bill of Materials means giving up proprietary information: FDA already requires an ingredient list. Coca Cola can supply an ingredient list without sharing trade secrets. I cannot control my supply chain: You already do in selection of products based on feature requirements. This requires too much work: Tools are completely automated and easy to use. This bill is being backed by organizations that stand to benefit from such legislation: Actually, we all benefit from better security. The entire software security industry is built on identifying and mitigating security issues All Rights Reserved 6/17/

15 THE INSURANCE INDUSTRY PUSHES BACK 15 Cottage Health System gets breached forced to pay class action settlement of $4.125 million ($81 per record) Insurer files suit in court for a Declaratory Judgment against Columbia for Cottage s Failure to Follow Minimum Required Practices All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

16 SOME MINIMUM REQUIRED PRACTICES IN DETAIL 16 Check for security patches and apply within 30 days Replace factory default settings Re assess risk yearly and apply changes Require 3 rd parties to protect information with safeguards at least as good as your own PERFORM DUE DILLIGENCE ON 3 RD PARTIES TO ENSURE THAT THEIR SAFEGUARDS ARE AS GOOD AS YOUR OWN AUDIT 3 RD PARTIES TO ENSURE THEY CONTINUOSLY SATISFY YOUR STANDARDS FOR SAFEGUARDING SENSITIVE INFORMATION 2014 All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

17 BUILDING A CYBERSECURITY CERTIFICATION LAB Aligned with international standards (62443) Creating program due to demand Creating program due to need Active lobbying to promote message All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

18 18 Mike Ahmadi Global Director, Critical Systems Security Codenomicon Ltd. questions Phone: (925) All Rights Reserved 6/17/2015

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