This guide is prepared by the Occupational Safety and Health Branch Labour Department. This Edition February 2009

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2 This guide is prepared by the Occupational Safety and Health Branch Labour Department This Edition February 2009 This guide is issued free of charge and can be obtained from offices of the Occupational Safety and Health Branch of the Labour Department It can also be downloaded from website of the Department at For enquiries about addresses and telephone numbers of the offices please call Information on the services offered by the Occupational Safety and Health Council can be obtained through hotline This guide may be freely reproduced except for advertising endorsement or commercial purposes Please acknowledge the source as Guide to Occupational Diseases Prescribed for Compensation Purposes published by the Labour Department

3 Guide to Occupational Diseases Prescribed for Compensation Purposes

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5 CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 Classification of Prescribed Occupational Diseases 1 Group A Diseases Caused by Physical Agents 2 A1 Radiation illness 2 A2 Heat cataract 2 A3 Compressed air illness 2 A4 Cramp of hand or forearm 3 A5 Beat hand 3 A6 Beat knee 3 A7 Beat elbow 3 A8 Tenosynovitis of hand or forearm including elbow 4 A9 Carpal tunnel syndrome 4 Group B Diseases Caused by Biological Agents 5 B1 Anthrax 5 B2 Glanders 5 B3 Leptospirosis 6 B4 Extrinsic allergic alveolitis 6 B5 Brucellosis 7 B6 Tuberculosis 7 B7 Parenterally contracted viral hepatitis 8 B8 Infection by Streptococcus suis 8 B9 Avian chlamydiosis 8 B10 Legionnaires disease 9 B11 Severe acute respiratory syndrome 9 B12 Avian influenza A 9 Group C Diseases Caused by Chemical Agents 10 C1 Lead poisoning 10 C2 Manganese poisoning 10 C3 Phosphorous poisoning 10 C4 Arsenic poisoning 11 C5 Mercury poisoning 11 C6 Carbon bisulphide poisoning 11

6 Page C7 Benzene poisoning 12 C8 Poisoning by benzene derivatives 12 C9 Dinitrophenol poisoning 12 C10 Poisoning by halogen derivatives of hydrocarbons 13 C11 Diethylene dioxide poisoning 13 C12 Chlorinated naphthalene poisoning 13 C13 Poisoning by oxides of nitrogen 13 C14 Beryllium poisoning 14 C15 Cadmium poisoning 14 C16 Dystropy of the cornea 14 C17 Skin cancer 15 C18 Chrome ulceration 15 C19 Urinary tract cancer 15 C20 Peripheral polyneuropathy 15 C21 Localised papillomatous or keratotic new skin growth 16 C22 Occupational vitiligo 16 Group D Diseases Caused by Miscellaneous Agents 17 D1 Skin inflammation or ulceration 17 D2 Inflammation or ulceration of upper respiratory passages or mouth 17 D3 Nasal cancer 17 D4 Byssinosis 18 D5 Occupational asthma 18 Pneumoconiosis and Mesothelioma Group 19 Silicosis 19 Asbestosis 19 Mesothelioma 19 Occupational Deafness 19 Procedure for Compensation Claims 20 For diseases prescribed under the Employees Compensation Ordinance 20 For silicosis asbestosis and mesothelioma 21 For occupational deafness 21 Enquiry 21 References 21

7 Introduction An employee who is incapacitated by an occupational disease as prescribed in the relevant ordinances will be entitled to receive compensation if he/she fulfils the requirements Most of the diseases concerned are prescribed in the Second Schedule of the Employees Compensation Ordinance Silicosis asbestosis and mesothelioma are covered by the Pneumoconiosis and Mesothelioma Compensation Ordinance while noise induced deafness by reason of employment is covered by the Occupational Deafness Compensation Ordinance The aim of this book is to provide a brief description of the prescribed occupational diseases and the occupational circumstances in which they may arise More detailed information is provided in another publication named Guidance Notes on the Diagnosis of Notifiable Occupational Diseases which is intended for doctors dealing with such diseases Classification of Prescribed Occupational Diseases 1 Under Employees Compensation Ordinance: Group A Diseases Caused by Physical Agents Group B Diseases Caused by Biological Agents Group C Diseases Caused by Chemical Agents Group D Diseases Caused by Miscellaneous Agents 2 Under Pneumoconiosis and Mesothelioma Compensation Ordinance: Pneumoconiosis and Mesothelioma Diseases Caused by Silica or Asbestos 3 Under Occupational Deafness Compensation Ordinance: Occupational Deafness 1

8 2 Group A Diseases Caused by Physical Agents Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease A1 Inflammation ulceration Acute inflammation of exposed area Medical or industrial radiography or malignant disease of dermatitis loss of hair skin ulceration and gas mantles manufacturing the skin or subcutaneous cancer luminizing of watch maintenance tissues or of the bones or Anaemia of Xray machines blood dyscrasia or Leukaemia cataract due to electro Cataracts magnetic radiations other Tumours than radiant heat or to ionising particles A2 Heat cataract Cataracts caused by prolonged/frequent Glass manufacturing iron steel heat exposure of the eye foundries work furnace operator A3 Dysbarism including Barotrauma: damage in ear lung and Compressed air worker diver decompression sickness sinuses eg rupture of ear drum barotrauma and osteonecrosis Decompression illness: joint pain numbness clumsiness and paralysis Osteonecrosis: bones and joints damage leading to shoulder and hip pain in particular

9 3 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease A 4 Cramp of the hand or Spasm tremor or pain in the hand or Typing stenographing knitting forearm due to repetitive forearm brought about by performing movements repetitive movements of finger hand or arm A5 Subcutaneous cellulitis of Inflammation of the subcutaneous soft Manual labour the hand Beat hand tissue of the hand caused by prolonged friction or pressure The affected part is swollen and tender A6 Bursitis or subcutaneous Inflammation of the subcutaneous soft Cleaner working on the knees cellulitis arising at or tissue or bursa of the knee caused by miner carpet layer about the knee due to prolonged friction or pressure severe or prolonged The affected part is swollen and tender external friction or pressure at or about the knee Beat knee A7 Bursitis or subcutaneous Inflammation of the subcutaneous soft Miner bricklayer cellulitis arising at or tissue or bursa of the elbow caused by about the elbow due to prolonged friction or pressure severe or prolonged The affected part is swollen and tender external friction or pressure at or about the elbow Beat elbow

10 4 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease A8 Traumatic inflammation Inflammation of the tendons or tendon Manual labour typist cleaner of the tendons of the hand sheaths of the hand or forearm caused by assembler or forearm including unaccustomed or repetitive movements of elbow or of the the hand and forearm eg pain swelling associated tendon sheaths and tenderness in the wrist forearm or elbow A9 Carpal tunnel syndrome Use of handheld powered tools which Use of pneumatic drill chained transmit vibrations to the hand Prolonged saw grinding tool use of these tools can result in compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel at the wrist

11 5 Group B Diseases Caused by Biological Agents Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease B1 Anthrax A disease of cows and horses caused by Butcher abattoir worker Bacillus anthracis which can be transmitted veterinary personnel tannery to human through contact with such animals wool worker and their products such as hairs hides or excretment The infection gains entrance through a small cut or scratch Clinical features: Skin ulceration pneumonia B2 Glanders A disease of horses caused by Malleomyces Horse handler stable cleaner mallei which can be transmitted to human veterinary personnel jockey Clinical features: Fever vomiting diarrhoea joint pain necrosis of nasal septum and ulceration of the throat and mouth Pustular eruptions over body deep ulcers of the nose and painful subcutaneous abscesses can occur in severe cases

12 6 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease B3 Infection by leptospira A disease of rats dogs and other mammals Sewage cleaner pig and dog caused by Leptospira interrogans which can handler veterinary personnel be transmitted to human through contact with infected animals or their urine Clinical features: Headache malaise jaundice Can cause serious illness with fever and collapse B4 Pulmonary disease due to Allergic inflammation of the lungs caused Farm worker the inhalation of the dust by inhalation of mouldy hay or other of mouldy hay or other decaying vegetable matter mouldy vegetable produce and characterized by Clinical features : symptoms and signs attributable to a reaction Acute: breathlessness fever malaise in the peripheral part of muscle pain and headache in few hours bronchopulmonary after exposure to the dust system and giving rise to Chronic: repeated attacks can cause a defect in gas exchange irreversible fibrosis of the lungs Farmer s lung

13 7 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease B5 Infection by organisms of A disease of cows pigs sheep and dogs Butcher veterinary personnel the genus brucella which can be transmitted to human farm worker diary worker through contact with tissue blood urine and body fluid of infected animals Clinical features: Fever and rigors generalized ache headache anorexia and fatigue Meningitis and inflammation of the lungs may complicate the illness B6 Tuberculosis Infected by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Health care worker medical laboratory worker pathologist Clinical features: Low grade fever night postmortem worker sweating fatigue anorexia weight loss and persistent cough blood stained sputum and chest pain Infection of other organs eg lymph nodes joints kidney may occur

14 8 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease B7 Parenterally contracted Infected by hepatitis virus by contact of Health care worker medical viral hepatitis skin wound or mucous membranes with laboratory worker pathologist infected blood blood products or internal postmortem worker body fluids eg needlestick injuries Clinical features: Malaise nausea vomiting anorexia headache upper abdominal discomfort jaundice B8 Infection by Streptococcus A disease of pigs that can affect human via Handling and selling of pork suis skin wound or inhalation butcher pig farmer Clinical features: Acute meningitis with severe headache neck stiffness vomiting and fever B9 Avian chlamydiosis Infected by Chlamydia psittaci which is Pet shop worker poultry farmer present in infected birds their feathers and poultry handler veterinary discharges personnel feather and down processor Clinical features: Chills fever malaise headache sore throat muscle ache joint pain cough and blood stained sputum Heart and liver may be infected

15 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease B10 Legionnaires disease Infected by Legionella pneumophila Repair and maintenance of fresh water cooling system or hot water Clinical features: Headache fever malais service system muscle ache cough and breathlessness Severe lung infection and respiratory failure may occur B11 Severe acute respiratory Infected by a coronavirus known as SARS Medical and nursing staff syndrome associated coronavirus which can be medical research and laboratory worker transmitted by respiratory droplets produced pathologist postmortem or when an infected person coughs or sneezes funeral services worker Clinical features: High fever chills headache an overall feeling of discomfort body aches dry nonproductive cough and diarrhea Pneumonia and respiratory failure may occur B12 Avian influenza A Infected by Avian influenza A viruses which Pet shop worker poultry farmer can be transmitted to human through contact poultry handler veterinary personnel with infected poultry or birds research and laboratory worker Clinical features: typical influenzalike symptoms eg fever cough sore throat muscle aches and conjunctivitis 9 Pneumonia and respiratory failure may occur

16 10 Group C Diseases Caused by Chemical Agents Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease C1 Poisoning by lead or a Fatigue anorexia anaemia joint pain Lead smelting manufacture of compound of lead muscle pain and weakness paralysis batteries application of lead colicky abdominal pain and constipation paint handling of leaded petrol C2 Poisoning by manganese Fatigue anorexia headache weakness of Manufacture of dry cell battery or a compound of the legs muscular cramps slurred speech electroplating paint application manganese clumsiness tremor and mental disturbance C3 Poisoning by phosphorus Yellow phosphorus poisoning: Handling and manufacture of or an inorganic compound Acute: abdominal pain vomiting general pesticides fertilizers and of phosphorus or the weakness and jaundice explosives anticholinesterase or Chronic: thickening of jaw bone phossy pseudo anticholinesterase jaw which is prone to infection and action of organic necrosis phosphorus compounds Phosphine poisoning: headache weakness chest pain breathlessness nausea vomiting convulsion coma and death Organophosphate poisoning: sweating excessive saliva and tearing breathlessness tremor and convulsion

17 11 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease C4 Poisoning by arsenic or Acute: abdominal pain profound vomiting Manufacture or handling of a compound or arsenic rice water stools convulsion pesticides alloys and pigments Use of arsine gas in the electronic Chronic: skin inflammation and ulceration industry painless ulceration and perforation of nasal septum tingling in hands and feet liver damage Also associated with skin cancer C5 Poisoning by mercury or Acute: pain inflammation and necrosis of Manufacture or handling of some a compound of mercury mucosa in mouth and throat nausea scientific equipment eg thermometers vomiting abdominal pain and even kidney batteries antifouling paints damage pesticides amalgam used in dentistry Chronic: inflammation of gums excessive saliva metal taste tremor slurred speech visual field defect mental disturbance and kidney damage C6 Poisoning by carbon Acute: headache breathlessness vomiting Manufacture of artificial silk bisulphide palpitations acute mental disturbance and cellophane vulcanisation of coma rubber Chronic: mental disturbance abdominal pain muscle weakness numbness visual disturbance and cardiovascular disease

18 12 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease C7 Poisoning of benzene or Acute: headache nausea dizziness Manufacture or handling of a homologue of benzene convulsion coma solvents adhesives dyes paints and plastics Chronic: depression of bone marrow Processing of petroleum tiredness pallor palpitation breathlessness easy bruising prolonged clotting frequent infections Can cause leukaemia Neurological effects behavioural changes vertigo unsteadiness C8 Poisoning by a nitro or Acute: headache breathlessness cyanosis Dry cleaning degreasing amino or chloro weakness nausea vomiting abdominal painting and lacquering derivative of benzene or pain and collapse of a homologue of benzene or poisoning by Chronic: jaundice weakness skin nitrochlorobenzene inflammation headache and dizziness C9 Poisoning by Acute: stomach upset loss of appetite Manufacture of dyes wood dinitrophenol or a nausea vomiting headache vertigo high preservatives photographic homologue or by fever profuse sweating breathlessness developers handling of substituted dinitrophenols liver kidney damage collapse or even dinitroocresol a pesticide or by the salts of such death substances Chronic: cataract and decrease of white blood cell count

19 13 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease C10 Poisoning by halogen Eye and skin irritation headache dizziness Degreasing dry cleaning derivatives of nausea mental disturbance liver and manufacture and repair of hydrocarbons of the kidney damage refrigerators and fire extinguishers aliphatic series C11 Poisoning by diethylene Eye nose and throat irritation headache Manufacture of polishing compounds dioxide Dioxan vertigo drowsiness nausea vomiting cosmetics and paint strippers liver and kidney damage C12 Poisoning by chlorinated Acne over exposed skin surfaces liver Manufacture of insulated wires naphthalene damage electroplating C13 Poisoning by oxides of Nitrogen dioxide is a reddishbrown gas Firing of explosives in quarries nitrogen with a pungent odour welding Clinical features: Cough headache throat irritation chest tightness Although these symptoms may resolve within 30 minutes delayed effects such as lung damage collapse or even death may occur

20 14 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease C14 Poisoning by beryllium or Acute: Respiratory tract inflammation Manufacture of alloys a compound of beryllium eg cough fever chest pain blood stained semiconductor components sputum breathlessness beryllium ceramics Skin inflammation or nodules caused by implantation of beryllium Chronic: fatigue weight loss rash joint pain and progressive lung damage C15 Poisoning by cadmium Acute: throat irritation cough chest Electroplating welding soldering tightness pain breathlessness chills manufacture of batteries plastics sweating back limb pains headache and cadmium alloys dizziness nausea anorexia and abdominal pain Severe lung or kidney damage Chronic: kidney or lung damage C16 Dystrophy of the cornea Irritation pain redness swelling of Handling of mineral oil tar pitch including ulceration of the eye vision may be impaired bitumen soot and arsenic the corneal surface of the eye

21 15 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease C17 Primary epitheliomatous Rapidly growing skin lesions may be Handling of mineral oil tar pitch cancer of the skin associated with surrounding new growths bitumen soot and arsenic nonhealing ulcers on arms or other parts of the body exposed to the chemicals C18 Chrome ulceration Skin lumps which progress to ulcer over Chromium plating dyeing and including perforation of area exposed to chromium tanning the nasal septum Inhalation of mists containing chromium salts or direct contact with contaminated fingers may lead to ulceration followed by perforation of the nasal septum C19 Primary neoplasm of the Caused by prolonged exposure to certain Dyeing printing epithelial lining of the aromatic amines eg αnaphthylamine Manufacture of rubber dye and urinary tract renal pelvis βnaphthylamine benzidine paint ureter bladder and urethra including Clinical feature: Blood in the urine papilloma carcinomainsitu and invasive carcinoma C20 Peripheral polyneuropathy Caused by nhexane or methylnbutylketone Manufacture of shoes raincoats handbags Clinical features: Limbs weakness Printing furnitureassembling hands feet numbness tyreretreading

22 16 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease C21 Localized new growth of Skin growth on arms or other parts of the Handling of mineral oil tar pitch the skin papillomatous or body exposed to the chemicals bitumen soot and arsenic keratotic C22 Occupational vitiligo Depigmentation of skin at site of contact Shoemaking use of adhesives with certain chemicals eg hydroquinone paratertiarybutyl phenol

23 17 Group D Diseases Caused by Miscellaneous Agents Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease D1 Inflammation or Red swollen itchy painful skin and Work with solvents detergents ulceration of the skin blisters formation over site of contact with oils eg cleaners painters produced by dust liquid irritants or allergens maintenance workers and hairor vapour including the dressers condition known as chloracne but excluding chrome ulceration D2 Inflammation or Cough Handling of certain chemicals ulceration of the mucous Redness pain discharge ulcer formation eg chromate arsenic soda membrane of the upper and bleeding of the lining of the mouth respiratory passages or throat and nose mouth produced by dust liquid or vapour D3 Carcinoma of the nasal Related to inhalation of wood dusts Manufacture or repair of wooden cavity or associated air goods footwear sinuses nasal carcinoma Clinical features: Facial swelling pain nasal obstruction blood stained or foul smelling nasal discharge

24 18 Item Description of Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Occupational Disease Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease D4 Byssinosis Disease of the lungs associated with Carding spinning workers prolonged exposure to raw cotton dust Clinical features: Chest tightness breathlessness cough wheezing which may be worse on the first day at work after a weekend or vacation may progress to permanent lung damage D5 Occupational asthma The disease is characterized by episodic Exposure to isocyanates airway obstruction induced by any formaldehyde proteolytic enzymes sensitizing agents inhaled at work flour and wheat Clinical features: Attacks of sneezing running nose cough breathlessness or wheezing may develop within minutes of exposure or be delayed for hours after the worker has left the workplace

25 19 Pneumoconiosis and Mesothelioma Group Diseases Caused by Inhalation of Silica or Asbestos Disease Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease Silicosis Fibrosis of the lungs due to inhalation of free silica dust Quarries construction mining tunnelling sand blasting Clinical features: Cough and breathlessness jadepolishing stone splitting manufacture of glass and pottery Asbestosis Fibrosis of the lungs due to inhalation of asbestos dust Brake clutch maintenance and repairing insulation processes Clinical features: Breathlessness cough and chest pain building demolition Mesothelioma A primary malignant neoplasm of the mesothelial tissue Brake clutch maintenance and due to inhalation of asbestos dust repairing insulation processes building demolition Clinical features: Breathlessness cough chest pain abdominal pain and weight loss Occupational Deafness Disease Brief Notes Some Examples of Trades / Processes / Occupations which may give rise to the disease Occupational deafness Hearing loss of both ears caused by prolonged Use of power driven grinding tools exposure to loud noise on metal percussive drilling tools on rocks use of chain saws jet/internal combustion engine manufacture of textile and plastic printing rifle shooting

26 PROCEDURE FOR COMPENSATION CLAIMS A For Diseases Prescribed Under the Employees Compensation Ordinance What should an Employer do? : Notification of Occupational Disease If an employee suffers from occupational disease prescribed under the Employees Compensation Ordinance the employer should submit a Notice of Occupational Disease Form 2A in duplicate to the Labour Department within 14 days of the employee s incapacity or in the case of death within 7 days of the death of the employee What should an Employee do? An employee who has been diagnosed to have suffered from a prescribed occupational disease should follow the instructions of the medical practitioner in receiving medical treatment He/she should submit the sick leave certificates to the employer as soon as possible and keep a photocopy for reference The employee should also attend medical clearance at the Occupational Medicine Unit as directed by the notification issued by the Employees Compensation Division of the Labour Department Once the employee s condition is considered to be stable by a medical professional the Occupational Medicine Unit would determine whether the employee should be referred to the Employees Compensation Assessment Board for assessing the permanent incapacity Compensation An employee who suffers incapacity arising from a prescribed occupational disease is entitled to receive compensation under the Employees Compensation Ordinance if the disease is due to the nature of any prescribed occupation in which he/she was employed at any time within a prescribed period During the period of temporary incapacity ie sick leave arising from an occupational disease the employee shall be entitled to receive periodical payments at the rate of fourfifths of his/her normal earnings The periodical payments are payable on the employee s normal pay days The employer shall also pay medical expenses incurred by the employee for receiving medical treatment The medical expenses payable are subject to a daily maximum listed in Employees Compensation Ordinance If the employee suffers from permanent incapacity from the prescribed occupational disease he/she shall be entitled to receive the compensation for permanent incapacity The amount depends on his/her monthly earnings age and the percentage of loss of earning capacity as determined by the Employees Compensation Assessment Board 20

27 B For Silicosis Asbestosis and Mesothelioma Please refer to publications of the Pneumoconiosis Compensation Fund Board C For Occupational Deafness Please refer to publications of the Occupational Deafness Compensation Board Enquiry Enquiry on compensation matters : Enquiry on pneumoconiosis and mesothelioma compensation : Enquiry on occupational deafness compensation : References 1 A Concise Guide to the Employees Compensation Ordinance 2 How to Claim Employees Compensation for Workrelated Injuries 3 Employees Compensation Ordinance 4 Guide to Pneumoconiosis and Mesothelioma Compensation Ordinance 5 Pneumoconiosis and Mesothelioma Compensation Ordinance 6 Pamphlets on the Occupational Deafness Compensation Scheme 7 Occupational Deafness Compensation Ordinance 21

28 Published by the Occupational Safety and Health Branch Labour Department Printed by the Government Logistics Department Printed with environmentally friendly ink on paper made from woodpulp derived from sustainable forests

29 = = E /01F OLOMMVJRJle_S

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31 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENF ^ = ^ N KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EOF ^ O KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EOF ^ P KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EOF ^ Q KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EOF ^ R KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EPF ^ S KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EPF ^ T KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EPF ^ U E F KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EPF ^ V KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EPF _ = _ N KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EQF _ O KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EQF _ P KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EQF _ Q KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ERF _ R KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ERF _ S KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ERF _ T KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ESF _ U KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ESF _ V KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ESF

32 _ NM KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ETF _ NN KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ETF _ NO KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ETF ` = ` N KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EUF ` O KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EUF ` P KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EUF ` Q =K KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EVF ` R KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EVF ` S KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK EVF ` T KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENMF ` U KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENMF ` V KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENMF ` NM KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENNF ` NN KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENNF ` NO KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENNF ` NP KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENNF ` NQ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENOF ` NR KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENOF ` NS KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENOF ` NT KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENOF ` NU KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENPF ` NV KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENPF

33 ` OM KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENPF ` ON E F KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENPF ` OO KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENPF a = a N KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENQF a O KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENQF a P KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENQF a Q KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENQF a R KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENRF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENSF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENSF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENSF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENTF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENUF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENUF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENVF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENVF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENVF KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK ENVF

34 N / : ; < 5 = A B C D E F G H B C O / 0 1 Ē F / E F / : ; < = A B C D E ENF ^ _ ` a EOF E F = EPF E F

35 O ^K == ========================================================== ^N E F u ^O ^P ^Q

36 P ^R E ^S E ^T E ^U E F ^V

37 Q _K == _N _O _P

38 R _Q E _R _S

39 S _T _U _V

40 T _NM E p^op F ==== _NN _NO

41 U `K == `N `O `P ================================================================

42 F `S `R `Q E V

43 NM `T ====================================================================================================================== `U `V E F

44 NN `NM `NN E F `NO `NP

45 NO `NQ `NR `NS E F `NT

46 NP E F = E F `ON `OM `NV `NU `OO α β

47 NQ ak == an E F ao ap E F aq

48 NR ar

49 NS =============================================================== ======================================================= ====================================================================

50 NT / 0

51 NU E^F = NQ E O^F T / : ; < = A B C D E / / / / 8 9 : ; / : ; 2 3 < = 6 A E F / / / / 0 1 2

52 NV E_F / E`F / 0 1 OTNT=NTTN OURO=QUOO OTOP=NOUU NK = OK = PK = QK = E F RK = E F SK = = TK = E F

53

54

55 = / : ÜííéWLLïïïKä~ÄçìêKÖçîKÜâLéìÄäáÅLÅçåíÉåíO VKÜíã / 0 1 ORRV=OOVT OTPV=VMMM / 0 1 / : ; < = A

56