New Oral Anticoagulants Markets

Transcription

1 Brochure More information from New Oral Anticoagulants Markets Description: Anticoagulants decrease the ability of the blood to create harmful blood clots that can ultimately leading to a heart attack or stroke. Although sometimes referred to as blood thinners, they do not actually thin the blood and only help prevent the formation of new blood clots. For more than 50 years and until recently, the only oral anticoagulants were vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin. Pradaxa (dabigatran), Xarelto (rivaroxaban), Eliquis (apixaban) and other new oral anticoagulants have several advantages over warfarin, including no periodical laboratory monitoring and more predictable effects with fixed doses. This TriMark Publications report provides a thorough overview of these and other new oral anticoagulants, their approved indications, drug profiles, pharmacokinetic parameters and the respective areas of market growth. The study also analyzes almost all of the companies known to be marketing, manufacturing or developing oral anticoagulant products in the U.S. and worldwide. Detailed tables and charts with sales forecasts and marketshare data are also included. Contents: 1. Introduction 1.1 Scope of this Report 1.2 Methodology 1.3 Executive Summary 2. An Overview of Anticoagulants 2.1 Scope of this Chapter Unmet Medical Needs with Existing Anticoagulants Pharmacology of Injectable Anticoagulants Marketed and Registered Drugs for Anticoagulation and Related Disorders 2.2 Oral Anticoagulants Potential Limitations of New Oral Anticoagulants Desired Attributes of Anticoagulants Comparison of New Anticoagulants Bleed Rates of New Anticoagulants 3. Selected Oral Anticoagulants 3.1 Warfarin Warfarin's Place in Clinical Therapy Drug Interaction with Warfarin Warfarin's Interactions with Food Interactions of Warfarin with Dietary Vitamin K 3.2 Dabigatran (Pradaxa) Use of Dabigatran in Particular Situations Measuring the Anticoagulant Effect of Dabigatran Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aptt) Thrombin Time (TT) and Hemoclot Ecarin Clotting Time (ECT) Prothrombin Time (PT) and INR Measures for Overdose Management of Bleeding Complications For Patients Undergoing Surgical Intervention For Dental Interventions For Spinal Anesthesia/Epidural Anesthesia/Lumbar Puncture For Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Cardioversion in Dabigatran Treated Patients For Patients with Stroke Dabigatran after Ischemic Stroke Strengths and Weaknesses of Dabigatran Strengths of Dabigatran in Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Weaknesses of Dabigatran in Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics

2 Strengths of Dabigatran in Laboratory Monitoring Weaknesses of Dabigatran in Laboratory Monitoring Strengths of Dabigatran in Clinical Efficacy Weaknesses of Dabigatran in Clinical Efficacy Strengths of Dabigatran in Controlling Bleeding Comparison of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban in Sites of Action 3.3 Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) Dosage and Administration Risk of Stroke after Discontinuation in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Risk of Bleeding Bleeding Events in ROCKET AF Trial Bleeding Events in RECORD Trial Overdosage Mechanism of Action Comparable Efficacy of Rivaroxaban Prophylaxis of Deep Vein Thrombosis 3.4 Eliquis (Apixaban) AVERROES Results 3.5 Edoxaban 3.6 Betrixaban 3.7 Pipeline Agents 3.8 Comparison of Oral Anticoagulants 3.9 Heparins 3.10 Dalteparin (Fragmin) 3.11 Enoxaparin (Lovenox) Indications and Usage Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization Procedures Use of Lovenox with Concomitant Medical Conditions Thrombocytopenia Interchangeability with Other Heparins Pregnant Women with Mechanical Prosthetic Heart Valves Laboratory Tests Pharmacodynamics Pharmacokinetics 3.12 Fondaparinux (Arixtra) 3.13 Tinzaparin (Innohep) 3.14 Semuloparin Sodium (AVE5026) 3.15 Idrabiotaparinux 3.16 Otamixaban 3.17 RB Reversal Agents and Antidotes Vitamin K Recombinant Factor VIIa Prothrombin Complex Concentrates 4. A Brief Overview of Antiplatelets 4.1 Overview of this Chapter Differences between Antiplatelets and Anticoagulants Need for Antiplatelets Side Effects of Antiplatelets Choosing an Antiplatelet Role of Platelets in Thrombosis Inhibitors of Platelet Adhesion Inhibitors of Platelet Activation Inhibitors of TXA2 Pathway Inhibitors of P2Y PAR-1 Inhibitors Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors 4.2 Antiplatelet Drugs Aspirin Aggrenox Ticagrelor (Brilinta) Clopidogrel (Plavix)

3 Indications and Usage General Risk of Bleeding Effient (Prasugrel) 5. Coagulation Assays 5.1 Clotting Assays Chromogenic Methods Prothrombin Time Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Thrombin Time Fibrinogen (Clauss Method) Derived Fibrinogen Antithrombin Protein C Protein S Lupus Anticoagulants ProC Global Assay and APC Resistance (APCR) 5.2 Influence of New Anticoagulants on Coagulation Assays 6. Disease Conditions Targeted by Anticoagulants 6.1 Cardiovascular Diseases Stroke Ischemic Stroke Hemorragic Stroke Subarachnoid Hemorrage Global Incidence and Prevalence of Stroke Incidence of Stroke in the U.S Mortality from Heart Disease and Stroke in Selected OECD Countries Anticoagulants Used in the Treatment for Stroke Heparin Warfarin Antiplatelets Aspirin Dipyridamole Clopidogrel Transient Ischemic Attack (Mini Stroke) Drug Therapy for Mini Stroke Market for Stroke Medication 6.2 Cardiac Arrhythmia Tachycardias Bradycardias Medications for Arrhythmias Anticoagulants Used to Treat Arrhythmias Global Market for Atrial Fibrillation Drugs Novel Anticoagulants for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Clinical Data on Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Dabigatran Clinical Data on Oral Factor Xa Inhibitors Rivaroxaban Apixaban Betrixaban Edoxaban 6.3 Coronary Artery Disease Global CAD Therapeutics Market Anticoagulation in Acute Coronary Syndrome Antiplatelet Therapy Antricoagulants Therapy 6.4 Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction) Global Market for CHF Pharmaceuticals Declining Trend in the U.S. Heart Attack Rates Cost of Cardiovascular Diseases 6.5 Heart Valve Replacement Market Trends in Prosthetic Heart Valves

4 6.5.2 Market for Mechanical Heart Valves Market for Tissue Heart Valves Heart Valve Replacement and Anticoagulants Anticoagulation Therapy in Patients with Prosthetic Heart Valves 6.6 Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) Commonly Recognized Signs and Symptoms of DVT Complications of VTE Use of Risk Assessment Tools in the Diagnosis of DVT Current Anticoagulants Treatment Modalities for DVT Use of Xarelto Use of Enoxaparin: Inpatient and Outpatient Use of Fondaparinux: Inpatient Prophylactic Interventions 6.7 Joint Replacement Surgery and Risk of Blood Clot Formation Joint Replacement Surgeries in the U.S Hip and Knee Replacement Surgeries in OECD Countries Global Orthopedic Industry Hip Replacement U.S. Market for Hip Replacement Knee Replacement U.S. Knee Replacement Market Shoulder Replacement Global Shoulder Replacement Market Oral Thrombophylaxis Following Total Hip and Knee Replacement Thrombophylactic Agents Reasons for Increased Clot Risk after Surgery 6.8 Prophylactic Anticoagulation after a Hip Fracture Pharmacologic Prevention of Blood Clots after a Hip Fracture Aspirin Warfarin Heparins Fondaparinux Duration of Prophylaxis after Hip Fracture 6.9 Pulmonary Embolism (Blood Clot in the Lung) Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism Anticoagulation Therapy for Pulmonary Embolism 6.10 Oral Surgery and Anticoagulation Therapy Required Laboratory Investigations for Dental Patients on Anticoagulation 6.11 Hemodialysis Global Market for Hemodialysis Global Operators of Dialysis Clinics Global Leaders in Hemodialysis Products Global Leaders in Peritoneal Dialysis Products Anticoagulation in Hemodialysis 6.12 Cancer Global Market for Cancer Therapeutics The Cancer-Thrombosis Connection 7. Market Analysis: Anticoagulants 7.1 Overview of this Chapter 7.2 Oral Anticoagulants Vitamin K Antagonists Global Market for Warfarin The Threatened Position of Warfarin in the Anticoagulants Market Newer Oral Anticoagulants to Replace Warfarin Potential Alternatives to Warfarin Factor Xa Inhibitors Global Market for Factor Xa Inhibitors Global Market for Xarelto (Rivaroxaban) Xarelto: A Great Promise U.S. Market for Xarelto U.S. Market Share for Eliquis, Xarelto and Pradaxa Direct Thrombin Inhibitors (DTI)

5 Global Market for Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Global Market for Pradaxa (Dabigatran) Dawning of the Age of Dabigatran Pradaxa: Bringing Potential Sea Change in AF Dabigatran?s First Year in the Market 7.3 Parenteral Anticoagulants Pharmacology of Parenteral Anticoagulants Adverse Effects of Parenteral Anticoagulants Parenteral Thrombin Inhibitors Parenteral Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors Market for Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) Market for Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) Distribution of LMWH Sales per Indication Global Market for Lovenox Lovenox: The Broadest Label Pentasaccharide Anticogulants Fondaparinux (Arixtra) Arixtra: A Missed Opportunity Parenteral Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Bivalirudin (Angiomax) 7.4 Market for Venous Thromboembolic Drugs 7.5 Market for Direct Thrombin Inhibitors 7.6 Comparisons of Market Opportunities for Anti-Thrombotic Agents 7.7 Global Market for Anticoagulants Market Share of Anticoagulants by Type 7.8 U.S. Market for Anticoagulants 7.9 More Anticoagulants in Pipeline 8. Market for Antiplatelets 8.1 Overview of this Chapter 8.2 The Threatened Market of Plavix Patent Loss of Plavix Patent Loss of Plavix and Competitive Advantages for New Entrants 8.3 Market for Effient (Prasugrel) Slow Uptake of Effient 8.4 Market for Pletal (Cilostazol) 8.5 Market for Activase (Alteplase) 8.6 Market for Aggrenox 8.7 Market for CardioAspirin 8.8 Market for Opalmon 8.9 Market for Integrilin (Eptifibatide) 8.10 Market for ReoPro (Abciximab) 8.11 Market for Brilinta 8.12 Market for Diagnostic Assays of Platelet Function 8.13 The Anti-Platelet Pipeline 9. Deals in Anti-Thrombotic Therapeutics Sector 9.1 Sanofi?s Extensive Anti-Thrombotic Partnering Landscape 9.2 Daiichi Sankyo?s Licensing Portfolio 9.3 Merck & Co. Agreements for Arterial Thrombotic Therapeutics 9.4 Deals between Bristol-Myer?s Squibb and Pfizer 9.5 Partnership between Ortho-McNeil and Bayer for Xarelto 10. Utilization of Anticoagulants and Antiplatelets in the U.S Anti-Thrombotic Drugs Used in Asia-Pacific Countries 10.2 Antiplatelets Used in Asia-Pacific for Stroke Prevention 10.3 Antithrombotic Strategy According to CHADS Antithrombotic Strategy for Patients with No Risk Factors (CHADS2=0) 10.5 Antithrombotic Strategy for Patients with 1 Risk Factor (CHADS2=1) 10.6 Antithrombotic Strategy for Patients with (CHADS2=2) Score Adjustment of INR According to Age 10.8 Antithrombotic Treatment for Paroxysmal vs. Persistent AF 10.9 Oral Anticoagulation during Tooth Extraction

6 10.10 Oral Anticoagulation during Endoscopy or General Surgery Oral Anticoagulation during Cardioversion for Persistent AF and Paroxysmal AF Awareness Levels about New Anticoagulants Reasons for Prescribing Dabigatran 11. Selected Company Profiles 11.1 Akers Biosciences, Inc PIFA Heparin/Platelet Factor 4 Rapid Assay 11.2 Anthera Pharmaceuticals, Inc Varespladib/A ARYx Therapeutics, Inc Tecarfarin Tecarfarin Development Status 11.4 AstraZeneca, PLC Brilinta (Ticagrelor) 11.5 Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH Boehringer?s Dedication to Innovation Boehringer?s Therapeutic Breakthrough Registration Study RE-LY 11.6 Cipla Limited 11.7 Daiichi Sankyo Company Ltd LIXIANA 11.8 Eisai Co., Ltd Fragmin 11.9 Eli Lilly & Co Effient (Daiichi Sankyo) General Risk of Bleeding Coronary Artery By-Pass Graft Surgery-Related Bleeding Discontinuation of Effient Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Hypersensitivity Including Angiodema Clinical Studies Genentech, Inc Activase (Altepase) GlaxoSmithKline PLC Fondaparinux Medicure, Inc Aggrastat Merck & Co., Inc SCH Novartis AG Elinogrel Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical, Inc Rivaroxaban (Xarelto) Pfizer, Inc Eliquis (Apixaban) Pharmion, LLC Tinzaparin (Innohep) Portola Pharmaceuticals, Inc Sanofi Lovenox (Enoxaparin) Idrabiotaparinux The Medicines Company Argatroban Angiomax (Bivalirudin) Appendix 1: Innovations in Cardiac Rhythm Management with New Anticoagulants Appendix 1.1: Dual Antiplatelet Therapy Appendix 1.2: Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Appendix 1.3: Factor Xa Inhibitors Appendix 1.4: Comparing the Trials Appendix 1.5: Interventions Targeting the Left Atrial Appendage Appendix 2: Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

7 Appendix 2.1: Hormonal Effects on Venus Thromboembolism Appendix 2.2: Assessing Venous Thromboembolism Risks of Oral Contraceptives Appendix 2.3: Recent Research INDEX OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Almost 100 Years of Anticoagulation Therapy Figure 2.2: Site of Action of New Anticoagulants Figure 3.1: Pathway of Dabigatran Action Figure 3.2: Sites of Action of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban Figure 3.3: Time to First Occurrence of Stroke by Treatment Group Figure 3.4: Apixaban in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Figure 3.5: Management of Bleeding Complications (For all Oral Anticoagulants) Figure 3.6: Blood Coagulation System Context for Heparin Anticoagulant Action Figure 4.1: Role of Platelets in Thrombosis Figure 4.2: Sites of Actions of Antiplatelets Figure 6.1: Global Incidence and Prevalence of Stroke Figure 6.2: U.S. Hospitalization Rates for Stroke for those Aged 65 and Over, Figure 6.3: Mortality Rates for Ischemic Heart Disease in Selected OECD Countries, 2009 Figure 6.4: Global Market for Stroke Medications, Figure 6.5: Global Market for Atrial Fibrillation Drugs, Figure 6.6: Coagulation Cascade Figure 6.7: Cumulative Hazard Rates for the Primary Endpoint in the RE-LY Trial Figure 6.8: Percentage of Cumulative Hazard Rates for the Primary Endpoint in the RE-LY Trial Figure 6.9: All-Cause Mortality in the RE-LY Trial Figure 6.10: Global CAD Therapeutics Market, Figure 6.11: Management of UA/NSTEMI Figure 6.12: Global Market for CHF Pharmaceuticals, Figure 6.13: Global Market for Prosthetic Heart Valves, Figure 6.14: Global Market for Mechanical Heart Valves, Figure 6.15: Global Market for Tissue Heart Valves, Figure 6.16: Recommendations from the Seventh ACCP Consensus Conference Figure 6.17: Algorithm for Antithrombotic Therapy for Prosthetic Heart Valves Figure 6.18: Phases of VT and Conventional Treatments with Anticoagulants Figure 6.19: Estimated Increase of THR and TKR in the U.S., Figure 6.20: Hip Replacement Surgery in OECD Countries, 2009 Figure 6.21: Knee Replacement Surgeries in OECD Countries, 2009 Figure 6.22: U.S. Hip Replacement Market, Figure 6.23: U.S. Knee Replacement Market, Figure 6.24: Global Shoulder Replacement Market, Figure 6.25: Global Market for Hemodialysis, Figure 6.26: Percent Global Operators of Dialysis Clinics by Country, 2011 Figure 6.27: Global Leaders in Dialysis Products Figure 6.28: Global Hemodialysis Products Market by Vendor, 2011 Figure 6.29: Global Leaders in Peritoneal Dialysis Products Market, 2011 Figure 6.30: Global Market for Cancer Therapeutics, Figure 7.1: Estimated Global Market for Coagulation Testing, Figure 7.2: Anticoagulant Market Segments Figure 7.3: Mechanism of Action of Warfarin Figure 7.4: Global Market for Warfarin, Figure 7.5: Global Market for Factor Xa Inhibitors, Figure 7.6: Global Market for Rivaroxaban, Figure 7.7: U.S. Market for Xarelto, Figure 7.8: Estimated U.S. Market Share of New Anticoagulants in 2019 Figure 7.9: Binding Sites of Univalent and Bivalent DTIs Figure 7.10: Global Market for Direct Thrombin Inhibitors, Figure 7.11: Global Market for Pradaxa (Dabigatran), Figure 7.12: Mechanism of Thrombin Inhibition Figure 7.13: Mechanism of Action of Indirect Thrombin Inhibitors Figure 7.14: Global Market for Unfractionated Heparin (UFH), Figure 7.15: Global Market for LMWHs, Figure 7.16: Distribution of LMWH Sales per Indication

8 Figure 7.17: Global Market for Lovenox (Enoxaparin), Figure 7.18: Sales of Arixtra, Figure 7.19: U.S. Sales of Angiomax, Figure 7.20: Global Market for Venous Thromboembolic Drugs, Figure 7.21: Global Market for Direct Thrombin Inhibitors, Figure 7.22: Overall Global Market for Anticoagulants, Figure 7.23: Global Market Share of Anticoagulants by Type, 2011 Figure 7.24: U.S. Market for Anticoagulants, Figure 8.1: Global Market for Antiplatelets, Figure 8.2: The Declining Market for Plavix, Figure 8.3: Market for Effient (Prasugrel), Figure 8.4: Market for Pletal, Figure 8.5: Market for Activase (Alteplase), Figure 8.6: Market for Aggrenox, Figure 8.7: Market for CardioAspirin, Figure 8.8: Market for Opalmon (Limaprost), Figure 8.9: Market for Integrilin, Figure 8.10: Market for ReoPro, Figure 8.11: Estimated Market for Diagnostic Assays of Platelet Function, Figure 10.1: Anti-Thrombotics Prescribed for Stroke Prevention in Asia-Pacific, 2012 Figure 10.2: Antiplatelets Prescribed for Stroke Prevention in Asia-Pacific, 2012 Figure 10.3: Antithrombotic Strategy According to CHADS2 Score, 2012 Figure 10.4: Antithrombotic Strategy for Patients with No Risk Factors (CHADS2=0), 2012 Figure 10.5: Antithrombotic Strategy for Patients with 1 Risk Factor (CHADS2=1), 2012 Figure 10.6: Antithrombotic Strategy for Patients with (CADS2=2) Score 2, 2012 Figure 10.7: Adjustment of INR According to Age Figure 10.8: Antithrombotic Treatment for Paroxysmal vs. Persistent AF Figure 10.9: Oral Anticoagulation during Tooth Extraction Figure 10.10: Oral Anticoagulation during Endoscopy or General Surgery Figure 10.11: Oral Anticoagulation during Cardioversion for Persistent AF Figure 10.12: Awareness Levels about New Anticoagulants Figure 10.13: Awareness about Dabigatran Figure 10.14: Top Three Reasons for Prescribing Dabigatran in Place of Warfarin Figure 11.1: Boehringer?s Pipeline (84 Products in Development) Figure 11.2: The 3D Structure of Dabigatran in Complex with Thrombin Figure 11.3: Non-CABC-Related TIMI Major or Minor Bleeding Events Figure 11.4: Time to First Event of CV Death, MI or Stroke (TRITON-TIMI 38) Figure A1.1: Transesophageal Echocardiogram Showing Thrombus in the Left Atrial Appendage INDEX OF TABLES Table 2.1: Limitations and Consequences of Vitamin K Antagonists Table 2.2: Pharmacokinetics of Injectable Anticoagulants Table 2.3: Marketed and Registered Drugs for Anticoagulation and Related Disorders Table 2.4: Desired Attributes of Newly Developed Anticoagulants Table 2.5: Comparison of New Anticoagulants Table 3.1: Examples of Drugs that Interact with Warfarin Table 3.2: Vitamin K Content of Selected Vegetables Table 3.3: Weekly Requirements of Vegetables Based on Age and Gender Table 3.4: Vitamin K Content of Commonly Used Oils Table 3.5: Vitamin K Content in the Oil of Fast and Processed Foods Table 3.6: Vitamin K Content in Nutritional Supplements per 8 OZ Table 3.7: Mean Dabigatran Plasma Concentration and the 25th-75th Percentiles Table 3.8: Discontinuation Rules before Surgical Procedures Table 3.9: Strengths and Weaknesses of Dabigatran Compared with Others Table 3.10: Bleeding Events in ROCKET AF Trial Table 3.11: Bleeding Events in Patients Undergoing Hip or Knee Replacement Surgeries (RECORD) Table 3.12: Other Adverse Reactions Reported in RECORD 1-3 Studies Table 3.13: Clinical Outcomes of EINSTEIN PE Table 3.14: Primary Composite Endpoint Results in ROCKET AF Study Table 3.15: Key Efficacy Analysis Results from RECORD Trial Table 3.16: Phase III AF Trials

9 Table 3.17: Drugs in Development for Anticoagulation and Related Disorders Table 3.18: Comparison of Oral Anticoagulants Table 3.19: Pharmacokinetic Parameters after Five Days of 1.5 mg/kg SC Once Daily Doses of Enoxaparin Sodium Using 100 mg/ml or 200 mg/ml Concentrations Table 3.20: Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Fondaparinux and Other Anticoagulants Table 3.21: Composition of 20,000 Anti-Xa IU/mL Innohep Table 3.22: Comparison of Characteristics of AVE5026, Idrabiotaparinux, Otamixaban and RB006 Table 4.1: Comparison of Top Five Antiplatelets Table 4.2: Estimated Yearly Incidence of Bleeding with Antiplatelets Table 4.3: Summary of Evidence for Antiplatelets Table 4.4: Cost of Antiplatelets Table 4.5: Information on Ticagrelor Table 4.6: Product Information on Clopidogrel Table 4.7: CURE Incidence of Bleeding Complications (% Patients) Table 4.8: Incidence of Bleeding Event in COMMIT (% Patients) Table 5.1: Influence of Anticoagulants on Routine Coagulation Assays Table 5.2: Influence of Anticoagulants on Thrombophilia Assays Table 6.1: ACC/AHS Recommendations for Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with NSTEMI or UA Table 6.2: Dosing of LMWH, Fondaparinux and Bivalirudin in Patients with NSTEMI or UA Table 6.3: ACC/AHA Recommendations for Anticoagulants Therapy in Patients with NSTEMI or UA Table 6.4: Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with STEMI Table 6.5: Anticoagulants Therapy in Patients with STEMI Who Receive Fibrinolytic Therapy Table 6.6: Anticoagulants Therapy in Patients with STEMI Who Undergo Primary PCI Table 6.7: ACCP Recommendations for Thromboprophylactic Strategy Based on Risk for VTE Table 6.8: Anticoagulants Treatments for VTE Table 6.9: Projections of Crude Cardiovascular Disease Prevalence, Table 6.10: Projected Direct Medical Costs for Cardiovascular Diseases, Table 6.11: Hamilton Score Table 6.12: Modified Wells Score Table 6.13: Low Molecular Weight Heparin or Pentasaccharide Indications for VTE Treatment Table 6.14: Drugs to Prevent Thromboembolism after Hip Fracture Table 6.15: Complete Blood Count Components Table 7.1: Oral Anticoagulants Utilization and Cost per Claim Table 7.2: Oral Anticoagulation Utilization by Age Band, 2011 Table 7.3: Users New to Anticoagulation Therapy and Switch Rate, 2011 Table 7.4: Alternatives to Warfarin Table 7.5: FDA-Approved Direct Thrombin Inhibitors Table 7.6: FDA-Approved Parenteral Anticoagulants Table 7.7: Pharmacokinetics of Parenteral Anticoagulants Table 7.8: Adverse Effects of Parenteral Anticoagulants Table 7.9: Available Forms of Parenteral Anticoagulants Table 7.10: Characteristics of Available LMWH Table 7.11: Risk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism Table 7.12: Anti-Thrombotic Agents Market, 2012 and 2019 Table 7.13: Partial List of Anticoagulants in Development Table 8.1: Comparison of Antiplatelets Table 8.2: History of Prasugrel Table 9.1: Selected Sanofi?s Agreements for Antithrombotics Table 9.2: Selected Daiichi Sankyo?s Agreements for Anti-Thrombotics Table 9.3: Agreements for Integrilin Table 9.4: Agreements for Aggrastat Table 9.5: Notable High-Value Deals for Anti-Thrombotics Table 11.1: Cipla?s Anticoagulant and Antithrombotic Products Table 11.2: Dosage and Administration of Fragmin Table 11.3: Patients with Outcome Events in TRITON-TIMI 38 Table 11.4: Medication Information for Tinzaparin Table 11.5: Product Pipeline from Portola Table 11.6: Dosage and Administration of Lovenox Table A1.1: Risk Factors for Thromboembolism and Latest Guideline Management Recommendations Table A1.2: Comparison of the Three Studies of New Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation

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