Bicycle Crash Analysis 2001 thru 2005 Overview

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Felicity Golden
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1 Pima Association of Governments Bicycle Crash Analysis 2001 thru 2005 Overview June 2007

2 Analysis Parameters Analysis covers all jurisdictions in Pima County Covers calendar years 2001 thru 2005 Analysis of Arizona Dept. of Transportation (ADOT) data received from law enforcement agencies: Arizona Dept. of Public Safety (AZDPS) Marana (Marana Police) Oro Valley (Oro Valley Police) Pascua Yaqui Tribe (P.Y. Police) Pima College (Pima College Police) Pima County (Pima County Sheriff s Dept) South Tucson (South Tucson Police) Tohono O odham Nation (T.O. Police) Tucson (TPD) U of A (UAPD) Pima Association of Governments 2

of Public Safety (AZDPS) Marana (Marana Police) Oro Valley (Oro Valley Police) Pascua Ya

3 The Tucson Region (eastern Pima County) All bike crashes reported occurred in Tucson Region. Marana Oro Valley 77 Coronado National Forest Tucson South Tucson Sahuarita Marana Oro Valley Pascua Yaqui Tribe Tohono O odham Nation Pima County 86 Saguaro National Park 10 South Tucson Pascua Yaqui Tribe Tohono O odham Nation Green Valley Sahuarita Tucson 10 Coronado National Forest Saguaro National Park 83 Pima Association of Governments 3

Tribe Tohono O odham Nation Pima County 86 Saguaro National Park 10 South Tucson Pascua Yaqui Tribe Tohono O

4 What is a Bicycle Crash? Pedacycle (a.k.a. Bicycle) Non-motorized vehicle operated by pedals and propelled by human power. Includes: bicycles, tricycles, unicycles, pedal cars, etc. Crash A traffic collision originating on a roadway ( trafficway ) that results in property damage and/or personal injury Source: simplified from Arizona Traffic Accident Report Instruction Manual & Glossary, Pima Association of Governments 4

Crash A traffic collision originating on a roadway ( trafficway ) that results in property damage and/or

5 Annual Bicycle Crashes Bicycle Crashes Year Total # Bike Crashes Total # Bike Units Bike Unit = each bicyclist involved in crash Pima Association of Governments 5

6 Crashes and Population Growth Bicycle Crashes per 100,000 Population (all of Pima County) Crash Rate Year Pima Association of Governments 6

00 36.00 34.00 32.00 30.00 39.63 38.07 36.08 33.59 34.

7 Crashes By Jurisdiction Crashes By Jurisdiction # of Crashes Year Tohono O. Nation Sahuarita Oro Valley Marana South Tucson AZDPS UofA Pima County Tucson *Jurisdictions are defined here as law enforcement jurisdictions **There were no crashes reported for Pascua Yaqui Tribe or Pima College in the 5-year study period Pima Association of Governments 7

Nation Sahuarita Oro Valley Marana South Tucson AZDPS UofA Pima County Tucson *Jurisdictions are

8 Daylight Conditions (when crashes occur) Daylight Conditions 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Year % Darkness Crashes % Dawn/Dusk Crashes % Day Crashes Pima Association of Governments 8

2004 2005 Year % Darkness Crashes % Dawn/Dusk

9 Bicyclist Actions Bicyclist Actions During Crash 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Year % going straight % leaving alley or drive % making left % making right Remaining actions are Other or Unknown Pima Association of Governments 9

leaving alley or drive % making left % making right Remaining

10 Motor Vehicle Actions Motor Vehicle Actions During Crash 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% % going straight % making left ("left hook") % making right ("right hook") % leaving alley or driveway Remaining actions are Other or Unknown Pima Association of Governments 10

("left hook") % making right ("right hook") % leaving alley or

11 Alcohol-Related Crashes Alcohol Related Crashes 10% 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Year Bicyclists Drinking Motorists Drinking Pima Association of Governments 11

12 Violations Reported (2001 thru 2005) all entries, including no improper driving Motor Vehicles Bicycles Failed to yield right-of-way (#1) Failed to yield right-of-way (#1) Inattention (#2) Drove in opposing traffic lane (#2) Made improper turn (#3) Inattention (#3) Speed too fast for conditions (#4) Disregarded traffic signal (#4) Disregarded traffic signal Ran stop sign (#5) Drove in opposing traffic lane Exceeded lawful speed Exceeded lawful speed Followed too closely Followed too closely Faulty or missing equipment Other unsafe passing Made improper turn Ran stop sign Speed too fast for conditions Other Other Unknown Unknown No improper driving No improper driving Pima Association of Governments 12

traffic signal Ran stop sign (#5) Drove in opposing traffic lane Exceeded lawful speed Exceeded lawful speed Followed too closely Followed too closely Faulty or missing

13 Top Violations for Motorists Top Violations for Motorists (as percentage of all Violation entries) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% % speed too fast % improper turn % inattention % failed to yield % no improper driving* 0% Refer to slide #12 for other violations *No evidence at time of crash/report to show violation Pima Association of Governments 13

yield % no improper driving* 0% 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Refer to slide #12 for other

14 Top Violations for Bicyclists Top Violations for Bicyclists (as percentage of all Violation entries) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% % ran stop sign % disregarded signal % inattention % drove against traffic % failed to yield % no improper driving* Refer to slide #12 for other violations *No evidence at time of crash/report to show violation Pima Association of Governments 14

inattention % drove against traffic % failed to yield % no improper driving* Refer to slide #12

15 Wrong-Way Riding (2001 thru 2005) 155 total bicyclists reported for driving in opposing traffic lane (wrong-way riding) 22 in darkness 137 (88%) alcohol-related, most apparent influence 1 fatality, 16 with serious injuries, 75 with minor injuries 120 are male with average age of 30 Top corridors include 1 st Avenue, Alvernon, Broadway, Campbell, Flowing Wells, Grant, Oracle, Pima, Speedway, Stone Pima Association of Governments 15

serious injuries, 75 with minor injuries 120 are male with average age of 30 Top corridors include 1 st

16 Reported No Improper Driving Reported "no improper driving" by Mode (as percentage of all violation entries) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Motorists Bicyclists Pima Association of Governments 16

entries) 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 2001 2002 2003 2004

17 Injury Definitions Fatal: Death. Incapacitating Injury: An injury, other than a fatal, which prevents the injured person from walking, driving, or normally continuing the activities which he/she was capable of performing prior to the motor vehicle traffic accident. Includes severe lacerations, broken or distorted limbs, unconsciousness, inability to leave accident scene without assistance. Non-Incapacitating Injury: Any injury other than fatal and incapacitating which is evident to any observer at the scene of the accident. Includes bumps, abrasions, bruises, and minor lacerations. The person receiving these injuries is still able to leave the scene under their own power. Possible Injury: Any injury reported or claimed which is not a fatal, incapacitating, or nonincapacitating evident injury. Includes such situations as nausea, hysteria, complaint of pain, and injuries not evident. No Injury: A situation where there is no reason to believe that the person received any bodily harm from the motor vehicle traffic accident in which they were involved. (Source: Arizona Traffic Accident Report Instruction Manual & Glossary, 2000) Pima Association of Governments 17

the motor vehicle traffic accident. Includes severe lacerations, broken or distorted limbs, unconsciousness, inability to leave accident scene without assistance.

18 Bicyclist Injuries Bicyclist Injuries (as percentage of all Injury entries) 100% 50% 0% % Fatal 2.01% 1.17% 0.96% 1.18% 1.80% % Incapacitating 13.22% 12.90% 10.93% 11.80% 12.57% % Non-incapacitating 49.14% 49.56% 50.80% 48.38% 46.41% Remaining entries of Possible Injuries, No Injuries or Unknown bring total to 100% Pima Association of Governments 18

93% 11.80% 12.57% % Non-incapacitating 49.14% 49.56% 50.80% 48.38% 46.

19 Fatal Crashes (2001 thru 2005) 24 total bicyclist fatalities 7 in darkness 9 (38%) alcohol-related 19 going straight ahead (1 against traffic) 11 confirmed violations 4 no improper driving 21 were males with average age of 40 occurred at random locations within Tucson region Pima Association of Governments 19

confirmed violations 4 no improper driving 21 were males with average age of

20 Incapacitating Crashes (2001 thru 2005) 206 total bicyclists incapacitated 45 in darkness 22 alcohol-related 155 going straight ahead (15 against traffic) 77 confirmed violations 78 no improper driving 175 were males with average age of 35 occurred at random locations within Tucson region Pima Association of Governments 20

confirmed violations 78 no improper driving 175 were males with average age of

21 Top Crash Roadways (2001 thru 2005) Top Crash Roadways for Bicyclists 25 # of crashes Stone 22nd St Broadway Grant Oracle Speedway 2005 *Roadways vary in length, number of lanes and traffic volumes **Other high-crash roadways include 1 st Ave., Alvernon, Campbell, Craycroft, Euclid, Golf Links, and Park Ave. Pima Association of Governments 21

22 Crashes By Month (2001 thru 2005) Average # of Crashes By Month ( ) Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. average # of crashes Pima Association of Governments 22

23 Summary Findings Rate of crashes based on population has declined slightly, however, there is still a problem. Most crashes occur during daylight hours. Crashes during darkness are not as numerous as previously thought. Most crashes occur while bicyclists are going straight ahead. Wrongway riding is prevalent. Alcohol is not a major factor in crashes. There is no distinct cause or circumstance for fatal crashes. Most cyclists involved in crashes are males with an average age of 31. More analysis is needed as to specific crash causes and locations. Pima Association of Governments 23

24 Next Steps Continue to analyze data to isolate specific crash causes and locations Brainstorm with regional bike/ped safety committee to enhance education and enforcement efforts Continue to work with local jurisdictions on bicycle facility improvements and crash prevention For more information contact Gabe Thum, PAG Senior Transportation Planner (520) or Pima Association of Governments 24

Analysis Parameters. The Tucson Region (eastern Pima County) What is a Bicycle Crash? Annual Bicycle Crashes. Crashes and Population Growth

Analysis Parameters. The Tucson Region (eastern Pima County) What is a Bicycle Crash? Annual Bicycle Crashes. Crashes and Population Growth Analysis Parameters Pima Association of Governments Bicycle Crash Analysis thru 8 Overview May 9 Analysis covers all jurisdictions in Pima County Covers calendar years thru 8 Analysis of Arizona Dept.