Biodiversity changes in forest ecosystems with varied fire incidence frequency in Zante Island

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5 Biodiversity changes in forest ecosystems with varied fire incidence frequency in Zante Island 1*, 2, LoriliaR 2, 2, 2 Chaideftou E, Kefalas G, Lorilia R,Martinis A, Poirazidis C 1, 8, 14561, 2,,,, 29100, *echaideftou@bpigr DCA - ( ) 40, Jaccard, ,,, (Kazanis&Arianoutsou 2004) (Rodrigoetal 2004), (Taylor 2000) 238

6 (Arianoutsou&Neeman 2000, Rodrigoetal 2004) ,, : 1) 40 (4 ), 2) (4 ), 3) (4 ), 4) (4 ), 5) 2011 (4 ) Braun- Blanquet (1964) 100 m m ( 5 min) DCA (Detrended Correspondence Analysis) CANOCO (ter Braak & milauer 2002) - taxa taxa Jaccard (1- wayanova) PostHoc (LSDtest) Kruskal-Wallis DCA DCA taxa ( 1) ( ) ( ): 1 239

7 eigenvalues () 0,30 0, ,1% 10,3% taxa, () eigenvalues () 0,53 0, ,2% 28,6% : DCA ( ) ( 2012) Figure 1: DCA ordination diagram of vegetation samples in different fire intensity sites ( ) in Zante Island (data of July 2012) 240

8 2: DCA ( ) ( 2012) Figure 2: DCA ordination diagram of bird samples in different fire intensity sites ( ) in Zante Island (data of July 2012) 32 : taxa& 81 taxa (54 taxa) taxa 2011, 241

9 - ( taxa), P=0005, taxa 2011 (P=0001), (P=0002) (P=0033) ( 2) taxa (P=0018 P=004 ), P=0783 2: taxa () () Figure 2: Species richness of plant taxa (left) and bird species (right) under varied fire intensity 33 ( ) : 40, , , ( 3),, P=004 ( 2011) ( : P=002, : P=0003, : P=0038), (P=0054) ( 3a) (P=0215) Jaccard (%) (b)

10 3: Jaccard (a) (b) ( ) Figure 3: Jaccard similarity for flora (a) and bird fauna (b) among sites (pairwise comparisons) for each stratum of fire frequency & ( , , ) H ( , , ) (P<0001 P=0001 ) (a) Jaccard (%) (b) & & 2 & & : Jaccard (a) (b) ( ) Figure 4: Jaccard similarity for flora (a) and bird fauna (b) between non-burnt and burnt sites with different fire frequency (pairwise comparisons), ( 40 ) (P<0005) (P<0001) 40, P<0001 ( 4) DCA 243

11 (Gauch 1982) (Lachance&Lavoie 2004), taxa ( 2011) Pinushalepensis (Capitanio&Carcaillet, 2008; Kazanis&Arianoutsou 2002; 2004) taxa Pinushalepensis taxa m 2 (Schwilketal, 1997), taxa - - ( taxa ) (Capitanio&Carcaillet, 2008; Reillyetal, 2006) - (Brotonsetal, 2005) INTERREGIV NATPRO In this study we evaluated the post-fire impacts on biodiversity and ecological coherence of the Aleppo pine forest habitats in the Zante Island, Greece Data were collected in summer of 2012 in 20 sites following the stratified random sampling method on the basis of fire intensity: 1) sites with pine forests that remained nonburnt for more than 40 years, 2) sites with forests that were burnt the last time during the period , 3) sites burnt twice between 2000 and 2010, 4) sites burnt three times between 2000 and 2010, and 5) sites last time burnt in 2011 In this context the post-fire effects on plant and bird diversity of the studied habitats were investigated A total of 81 plant species and 29 bird species were recorded in the studied sites DCA ordination revealed a clear gradient of fire intensity from the intensively burnt open habitat sites to the non-burnt forest sites for more than 40 years One-way 244

12 ANOVA analysis showed that fire intensity has a significant impact on the alpha floristic diversity (plant species richness) Average plant species richness of the recently burnt sites in 2011 was significantly higher than that of the burnt sites during the period The detected differences in bird species richness were not significant although more species were found in the forested habitats With respect to flora and bird fauna, the highest similarity, calculated as Jaccard similarity index, was observed between the non-burnt sites for more than 40 years and the burnt sites during the period The lowest floristic similarity was observed between the recently burnt sites in 2011 and the burnt sites during the period , while for the birds between the recently burnt sites in 2011 and the non-burnt sites for more than 40 years According to the findings of the present study, the habitats of Zante Island showed a noticeably high recovery from fire Key words Pine woods, Phrygana, Post-fire impacts, Biodiversity 5 : 40, , , , 5) 2011 ArianoutsouM &NeemanG 2000 Post-fore regeneration of natural Pinus halepensis forest in the east Mediterranean Basin Pages in G Neeman and L Trabaud, editors Ecology, biogeography and management of Pinus halepensis and P brutia forest ecosystems in the Mediterranean Basin Backhuys, Leiden, The Netherlands Bohling 1995 Zeigerwerte der phanerogamen-flora von Naxos (Giechenland) Ein Beitrag zur okologischen kennzeichnung der mediterranen pflanzenwert Stuttgarten Beitr Naturk 533 Braun-Blanquet J 1964 Pflanzensoziologie - Grundzьge der Vegetationskunde 3 rd edn, Springer-Verlag Brotons L, Pons P & Herrando S 2005 Colonization of dynamic Mediterranean landscapes: where do birds after fire? Journal of Biogeography 32: Capitanio R & Carcaillet C 2008 Post-fire mediterranean vegetation dynamics and diversity Adiscussion of succession models, Forest Ecology and Management 255: Gauch, HGJr 1982 Multivariate analysis in community ecology Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK Kazanis D & Arianoutsou M 2002 Long term post-fire vegetation dynamics in Pinus halepensis forests of Central Greece: plant community patterns In: Viegas DX 245

13 (ed) Proceedings of the 4th international Conference of Forest Fire Research, Millpress, The Netherlands, electronic edition Kazanis D & Arianoutsou M 2004 Factors determining low Mediterranean ecosystem resilience to fire: the case of Pinus halepensis forests Proceedings of 10th MEDECOS Conference, April 25-May , Rhodes, Greece, Arianoutsou & Papanastasis (eds), 2004 Millpress Rotterdam, ISBN Lachance D & Lavoie C 2004 Vegetation of Sphagnum bogs in highly disturbed landscapes: relative influence of abiotic and anthropogenic factors Applied Vegetation Science 7: Reilly MJ, Wimberly MC & Newell CL 2006 Wildfire effects on plant species richness at multiple spatial scales in forest communities of the southern Appalachians Journal of Ecology 94: Rodrigo A, Retana J, & Picу FX 2004 Direct regeneration is not the only response of Mediterranean forests to large fires Ecology 85(3): Schwilk DW, Keeley JE & Bond WJ 1997 The intermediate disturbance hypothesis does not explain fire and diversity pattern in fynbos Plant Ecology 132: Taylor AH 2000 Fire regimes and forest changes in mid and upper montane forests of the southern Cascades, Lassen Volcanic National Park, California, USA Journal of Biogeography 27: ter Braak CJF & milauer P 2002 CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for Windows users guide: software for canonical community ordination (version 45) Microcomputerpower, Ithaca, NewYork, USA 246