SENTERNOVEM TASKGROUP SOIL+
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1 SENTERNOVEM TASKGROUP SOIL+
2 SOIL+, EXPERTISE ON SOIL AND SEDIMENTS NEW RISK-BASED SOIL QUALITY STANDARDS IN THE NETHERLANDS Dr. Ton Honders WASCON 2009
3 THE TEAM 1. MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT, SPATIAL PLANNING AND HOUSING (VROM) Marc Pruijn, Herman Walthaus 2. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT (VROM) Johannes Lijzen, Piet Otte, Arjen Wintersen 3. SENTERNOVEM / TASKGROUP SOIL+ Ton Honders
4 MENU 1. NEW LEGISLATION ON SUSTAINABLE LANDMANAGEMENT: WHAT HAPPENED TO THE BUILDING MATERIALS DECREE? THE PROCESS FOR IMPROVEMENT FIT FOR USE PRINCIPLE 2. DERIVATION PROCESS FOR SOIL QUALITY STANDARDS TYPES OF RISKS DEFINED LANDUSE SCHEMES RISK SCENARIO S SOIL QUALITY STANDARDS 3. RISK ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS 4. AN EXAMPLE 5. EPILOGUE
5 WHAT HAPPENED TO THE BUILDING MATERIALS DECREE (99-07)? Leachability CONCENTRATION AND LEACHING STANDARDS FOR BUILDING MATERIALS, SOIL AND (AQUATIC) SEDIMENTS Dutch soil standards Non reusable soil Clean soil Class II reusable soil Non reusable soil Class I reusable soil Concentration
6 EVALUATION BUILDING MATERIALS DECREE PROBLEM AREAS 1. POOR ENFORCEABILITY 2. RELATIVELY HIGH COSTS 3. LIMITATIONS FOR LOCAL TAILOR-MADE SOLUTIONS 4. UNPRACTICAL HANDLING / SAMPLING PROCEDURES 5. LEGISLATIVE INCONSISTENCIES NEW SCIENTIFIC INSIGHTS 1. ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS (ECOLOGICAL, HUMAN TOXICOLOGICAL) 2. LEACHING MECHANISMS / LEACHABILITY DATABASES
7 TOWARDS IMPROVED LEGISLATION THE PROCESS 03 - POLICY LETTER INCREASED REUSE OF SECONDARY MATERIALS WHILST MAINTAINING SOIL PROTECTION IMPROVED WORKABILITY AND LOWER COSTS BASED ON FIT FOR USE AND STANDSTILL CONSULTATION AND DEVELOPMENT ALL STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED (PUBLIC & PRIVATE) NEW ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STANDARDS NEW RULES FOR APPLICATION OF BUILDING MATERIALS, SOIL AND SEDIMENTS QA/QC LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
8 DEMING CIRCLE PUTTING LEGISLATION INTO PRACTICE AND PRACTICE INTO LEGISLATION POLICY FORMULATION EVALUATION 5-10 YRS CYCLE COMMUNICATION IMPLEMENTATION
9 STANDSTILL BASIC PRINCIPLES BEST PRACTICE FIT FOR USE
10 THE DUTCH SYSTEM INTERVENTION VALUE SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT SITE REMEDIATION CONTAMINANT CONCENTRATION
11 SOIL QUALITY STANDARDS AND LANDUSE SCHEMES AGRICULTURE NATURE RESIDENCE INDUSTRY REMEDIATION
12 NEW SOIL QUALITY STANDARDS 1. BACKGROUND VALUES 2. FIT FOR USE WHAT DO WE WANT TO PROTECT? DEFINED LANDUSE FUNCTIONS FOR EACH LANDUSE FUNCTION DEFINED RISK LEVELS FOR: HUMANS ECOLOGY AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 3. WHAT HAPPENED TO THE LEACHING STANDARDS?
13 BACKGROUND VALUES 1. BASELINE SURVEY 100 SAMPLING LOCATIONS STRATIFIED SELECTION: SOIL TYPE LANDUSE NO SUSPECTED ANTROPOGENIC CONTAMINATION DEPTH: TOPSOIL 0-10 cm SUBSOIL cm 2. CHEMICAL ANALYSIS = 252 COMPOUNDS 3. COSTS = 1.5 MEuro 4. BACKGROUND VALUES TOPSOIL DATA 95 % PERCENTILE VALUES
14 RISK-BASED SOIL QUALITY STANDARDS PROTECTION OF: 1. HUMAN HEALTH 2. ECOSYSTEMS: SOIL FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES ANIMALS PLANTS 3. QUALITY OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS
15 DERIVATION OF SOIL QUALITY STANDARDS 1. POLICY: TARGET SPECIES TO PROTECT LEVEL OF PROTECTION 2. SCIENCE: TOXICITY OF COMPOUNDS MODELLING OF EXPOSURE
16 HUMAN RISKS 1. MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE RISK REFERENCE DOSE IN g per kg Bodyweight per day DERIVED FROM EU AND WHO STANDARDS 2. MODELING OF EXPOSURE (CSOIL) PATHWAYS (CSOIL MODEL): INGESTION OF SOIL PARTICLES CROP CONSUMPTION INHALATION OF INDOOR AIR DRINKING WATER
17 HUMAN RISKS EXPOSURE PATHWAYS BY THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT (RIVM) ENGLISH VERSION AVAILABLE ON representati ve SOIL CONTENT distribution over soil compartments concentration in SOIL AIR concentration in PORE WATER transferprocesses transport to SOIL SURFACE dilution in IND OOR and OUTDOOR AIR transport to GROUNDW ATER transport to DRINKING WATER permeation in to DRINKING WATER uptak e by / dep osition on VEGETABLES direct exposure ingestion, in halation, dermal uptake of SOIL inhalation, dermal uptake of AIR indirect exposure consumption of DRINKING WATER, dermal contact, inhalation when SHOWER IN G consumption of (ROOT and LEAFY) VEGETABLES
18 PAF (potentially affected fraction) ECOLOGICAL RISKS HC Concentration in soil (mg/kg)
19 1. BASED ON: AGRICULTURAL RISKS FOOD QUALITY CRITERIA PRODUCT CRITERIA FOR ANIMAL FODDER ANIMAL HEALTH FYTOTOXICITY 2. GENERALLY BASED ON MEASURED SOIL PLANT CONCENTRATIONS
20 AGRICULTURAL RISKS THE MODEL soil plant relation Soil crop Soil plant relation consumption Soil crop animal Soil Soil - plant relation Crop consumption Soil ingestion Transposition to organs Animal Organ or product kidney/liver/meat Soil ingestion
21 RISK SCENARIO S 1. DEFINED LANDUSE SCHEMES 2. LEVELS OF PROTECTION OF TARGET SPECIES (POLICY CHOICE)
22 DEFINED RISK SCENARIO S LANDUSE ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION HUMAN - CROP HUMAN INGESTION CONSUMPTION RESIDENCE AVERAGE LIMITED AVERAGE KINDERGARTEN AVERAGE NONE AVERAGE VEGETABLE GARDEN AVERAGE HIGH AVERAGE AGRICULTURE AVERAGE LIMITED AVERAGE NATURE HIGH NONE LOW ROADSIDE SHOULDERS MODERATE NONE LOW INDUSTRY MODERATE NONE LOW
23 SOIL QUALITY STANDARDS - LEAD LANDUSE ECOLOGICAL RISKS HUMAN RISKS AGRICULTURAL RISKS NATIONAL VALUE RESIDENCE KINDERGARTEN VEGETABLE GARDEN AGRICULTURE NATURE ROADSIDE SHOULDERS INDUSTRY
24 => LEACHING WHAT HAPPENED TO THE LEACHING STANDARDS FOR INFRASTRUCTURAL WORKS > 5000 m3 => CONCENTRATION
25 INSTRUMENTS UNLIMITED APLICATION SANSCRIT RISK TOOLBOX
26 CASE STUDY RISK TOOLBOX 1. CENTRE OF AN OLD TOWN (MAASTRICHT) 2. CONTAMINATION FROM: RANDOM GARBAGE DUMP FROM THE MIDDLE AGES METALLURGICAL AND CERAMIC INDUSTRIES FLOODING 3. SEVERAL SOIL QUALITY ZONES BASED ON CONTAMINATION CONTOURS
27 Risico index HUMAN RISKS Maastricht_ophoging - humane risico's - P Zink Nikkel Lood Kwik 0 Groen met natuurwaarden Moestuin Speelplaatsen Wonen met tuin Arseen Koper Cadmium
28 Risico index Risico index HUMAN RISKS (EFFECT OF BIO-AVAILABILITY) Maastricht_ophoging - humane risico's - P90 Maastricht_overig - humane risico's - P90 Verminderde beschikbaarheid lood Groen met natuurwaarden Moestuin Speelplaatsen Wonen met tuin Arseen Koper Cadmium Zink Nikkel Lood Kwik Groen met natuurwaarden Moestuin Speelplaatsen Wonen met tuin Arseen Cadmium Zink Nikkel Lood Kwik Koper BA (Pb) = 0.75 BA (Pb)= 0.6
29 Risico index ECOLOGICAL RISKS Maastricht_overig - ecologische risico's P Bebouwing/industrie (7) Groen (6) Moestuinen (3) Speelplaatsen (2) Wonen tuin (1) Zink Nikkel Lood Kwik Koper Chroom Cadmium Arseen
30 AGRICULTURAL RISKS Maastricht_overig - landbouw risico's Inclusief gemeten lood in aardappel Cadmium in biet Cadmium in gras voor Koe Cadmium in gras voor Schaap Cadmium in Lever van Koe Cadmium in Lever van Schaap Cadmium in Melk van Koe Cadmium in Nier van Koe Cadmium in Nier van Schaap Cadmium in sla Cadmium in snijmais Cadmium in tarwe Cadmium in Vlees van Koe Cadmium in Vlees van Schaap Lood in aardappel Zink in biet Zink in gras voor Koe Zink in gras voor Schaap Zink in snijmais Overschrijding norm
31 SUMMARY 1. POLICY DECISONS ON FIT FOR USE PRINCIPLE 2. BASED ON THOROUGH RISK ANALYSIS LANDUSE SCHEMES LEVELS OF PROTECTION ECOLOGICAL, HUMAN AND AGRICULTURAL RISKS 3. SOFTWARE TOOLS AVAILABLE 4. TO ENSURE PROPER PRACTICAL APPLICATION 5. OF NATIONAL POLICIES
32 QUESTIONS? FURTHER INFORMATION:
33 APPLICATION MATRIX LANDUSE AGRICULTURE / NATURE RESIDENCE INDUSTRY APPLIED SOIL QUALITY AGRICULTURE / NATURE YES YES YES RESIDENCE NO YES YES INDUSTRY NO NO YES
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