Aivojen kuvantaminen ja stimulaatio. Brain imaging and stimulation
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1 Aivojen kuvantaminen ja stimulaatio Brain imaging and stimulation
2 Brain imaging developed in Helsinki MRI MEG EEG Navigated TMS NIRS Ultra-Low-Field MRI &MEG
3 World expenditure on drugs, medical equipment and devices ~700 billion USD / year TECHNOLOGY $200 B/yr Anaesthesia& critical care Other equipment equipment 1% 8% Other medical devices 19% Other countries 16 % Australia + Australia+Can Canada ada 3% USA 45 % Japan 14 % Pharmaceuticals 72% DRUGS: $500 B/yr Europe 22 %
4 Medical device technology Dozens of companies in Finland Ani Biotech Oy Biohit Oyj Bioretec Oy ConMed Linvatec Biomaterials Oy Delfin Technologies Oy Diter-Elektroniikka Oy Ab Elekta Oy Emicaid Oy Franke Finland Oy GE Healthcare Kojair Tech Oy Labmaster Oy Medikro Oy Mega Elektroniikka Oy Merivaara Oy Nexstim Oy Onesys Medical Oy Planmeca Oy Polar Electro Oy STERIS Finn-Aqua Thermo Electron Oy Turun Biolaakso Oy...
5 Transcranial Magnetic Aivojen magneettinen stimulaatio Stimulation (TMS) Aivojen magneettistimulaatio
6 TMS in numbers 1. Magnetic field ramped up from 0 to 2 tesla in 100 microseconds! 2. Weak currents induced in nervous tissue: 0.1 ma/mm2 3. Cell membrane depolarizes: mv 4. Generation of action potentials - excitatory neurons - inhibitory neurons
7 TMS combined with EEG Cortical excitability Functional connectivity State of the cortex! Ilmoniemi et al. NeuroReport 1997 Kähkönen et al. NeuroImage 2001 Komssi et al. Clin. Neurophysiol Nikulin et al. Eur. J. Neurosci Komssi et al. Hum. Brain Mapp Kähkönen et al. Clin. Neurophysiol Bender et al. Ann. Neurol Massimini et al. Science 2005 Ilmoniemi & Kicic Brain Topogr Mäki & Ilmoniemi NeuroImage 2011 Hanna Mäki Väitöskirja 2011
8 TMS project Studies of the mechanisms of TMS Modelling neurons Development of signal processing methods Inverse problem, Bayesian approach, information theory Interference suppression with, e.g., ICA Development of experiment set-ups Multi-coil techniques / multi-target stimulation Connectivity estimation Brain research Collaboration with psychologists and medical doctors (BioMag lab at HUS, for example)
9 Looking for a... Summer intern who is interested in Electromagnetism Brain imaging Mathematical optimization Biophysics TMS technology Contact: Prof. Risto Ilmoniemi
10 Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Cellular currents in an active neuron population give rise to extracranial electric potentials and magnetic fields EEG = measuring the potential differences on the scalp MEG = measuring the extracranial magnetic fields
11 MEG instrumentation MEG signals are very weak, about one billionth of Earth's magnetic field! Magnetically shielded room Superconducting SQUID sensors in liquid helium
12 High-resolution MEG Currently, the large gap between sensors and brain severely limits the spatial resolution of MEG Emerging sensor technologies could allow substantial reduction of that distance and thus enable capturing much more detailed information on neural activity Increased spatial resolution directly exploitable in neuroscientific studies ~30 40 mm
13 Wanted for the High-Res MEG project A summer intern who is interested in neuroscience and neuroimaging able to carry out simple simulations on Matlab or Python able to contribute in constructing the measurement set-up (hardware, electronics, software, ) Contact: Prof. Lauri Parkkonen lauri.parkkonen@aalto.fi
14 MEG-MRI A hybrid device capable of both MEG and ultra-lowfield MRI A large EU-funded project with 13 partners across Europe (5 in Finland)
15 MEG-MRI Prototype instrument at BECS
16 Summer intern for MEG-MRI A person interested in helping enhance the current MEGMRI electronics contributing to the data processing algorithms using the system for actual measurements, e.g., to characterize MRI contrasts at ultra low fields Contact: Prof. Lauri Parkkonen lauri.parkkonen@aalto.fi
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