DEVELOPMENT PHASE WORKSHOPS SUMMARY REPORT MARCH 28, 2011 ATELIERS SUR LA PHASE D ÉLABORATION RAPPORT SOMMAIRE LE 28 MARS 2011

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1 DEVELOPMENT PHASE WORKSHOPS SUMMARY REPORT MARCH 28, 2011 ATELIERS SUR LA PHASE D ÉLABORATION RAPPORT SOMMAIRE LE 28 MARS 2011

2 Acknowledgements The Department of National Defence (DND) (Chief of Land Staff (CLS), the Directorate Soldier System Program Management (DSSPM), and Defence Research and Development Canada (DRDC)) and Industry Canada (IC) would like to acknowledge the contributions and support provided by the IC Special Events team that organized the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (SSTRM) workshop venues, logistics and accommodations; the members of the SSTRM Executive Steering Committee; workshop-specific technical subcommittees; and workshop speakers for sharing their time and expertise throughout the development phase of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap. Also acknowledged are the Strategic Review Group (SRG) Inc. for facilitating the workshops, and all of the participants from across Canada, the United States and abroad who contributed to making the workshops a success. Special thanks to DND personnel for sharing their time, energy and knowledge, and whose presentations and demonstrations at the workshops were critical in helping participants understand and address the significant challenges the Canadian dismounted soldier faces today and will encounter tomorrow.

3 Table of Contents Executive Summary...iii Overview... 1 The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Project... 1 What is Roadmapping?... 1 A Collaborative Effort Industry, Government and Academia... 2 The SSTRM s Three Phases... 3 The SSTRM Workshops from Visioning to Human and Systems Integration... 7 Workshop Goals, Process and Results Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop Power, Energy and Sustainability Workshop Lethal and Non-lethal Weapons Effects Workshop Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) Workshop20 5. Sensing Workshop Survivability, Sustainability and Mobility Workshop Human and Systems Integration Workshop Conclusions...31 Appendices A. Members of Executive Steering Committee B. Members of Technical Sub-Committees List of Figures Figure 1. Roadmapping...2 Figure 2. SSTRM Stakeholders Figure 3. SSTRM Development Phase Activities 5 Figure 4. The Soldier System of Systems 6 Figure 5. The Workshop Process..9 Figure 6. Participant Input the Key to Workshop Success.10 Figure 7. Preliminary Capability Area Elements 13 II

4 Executive Summary This report describes seven workshops held as part of the Development Phase of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (SSTRM) project. The roadmap is a unique industry-government collaboration that applies Industry Canada's roadmapping principles and processes to develop a comprehensive knowledge-sharing platform and identify technology opportunities in support of the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort. Workshops are at the heart of the roadmapping process. At workshops, diverse participants meet face-to-face to collaborate on achieving consensus on the important questions the roadmap should pose and whether those questions concern future needs, on defining capability gaps, and on identifying technology alternatives to meet those future requirements. The workshop approach was highly successful with the SSTRM; not only did intense discussions and valuable information exchanges take place, but participants were also able to get to know each other and utilize each other s expertise in newly formed partnerships. Workshop Date Location 1. Visioning June 16 17, Power/Energy and Sustainability September 21 23, Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects November 24 26, 2009 Gatineau, Que. Vancouver, B.C. Toronto, Ont. 4. Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) March 9 11, 2010 Montréal, Que. 5. Sensors March 9 11, Survivability/Sustainability/Mobility May 12 13, Human and Systems Integration September 21 22, 2010 Montréal, Que. Ottawa, Ont. Gatineau, Que. This report presents brief introductions to technology roadmapping in general and the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (SSTRM) process in particular. The report then delivers a summary of each workshop that details the goals, themes and challenges identified, as well as the results that followed. The report concludes with a brief overview III

5 of the next steps in the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project as it moves to the Implementation Phase. The two appendices list the members serving on the SSTRM Executive Steering Committee (ESC) and the Technical Sub-Committees (TSCs) for the Development Phase. It should be understood that this report is preliminary, offering a concise overview of the workshops and a cursory glance at the Key Challenges and R&D Focus Areas that were discussed. A much deeper analysis of the workshop results is forthcoming in the Capstone Report, which will document the Development Phase of the SSTRM. IV

6 Overview This report describes the roadmapping process and the seven workshops held between June 2009 and September 2010 as part of the Development Phase of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap (SSTRM). The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap Project The Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap project is a groundbreaking collaborative initiative led by the Department of National Defence (DND) and the Department of Industry (Industry Canada) that aims to enhance the Canadian Forces (CF) future soldier capabilities and the preparedness of Canadian industry through open innovation. Launched in May 2009 with a kick-off event in Ottawa, this pilot project was designed to apply roadmapping principles and processes and involve industry and academia to identify capability gaps, related challenges and potential technology solutions in support of Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort. The overarching goal of the SSTRM is to understand how today's technology and tomorrow's might contribute to an enhanced soldier system that increases operational effectiveness for the individual soldier in the five NATO capability areas: Command, Control, Communications and Intelligence (C4I); Survivability; Mobility; Lethality; and Sustainability; and in other related domains such as Power and Energy and Human and System Integration. What is Roadmapping? Roadmapping is a collaborative process for developing innovative products and processes to meet future demands. It consists of defining a set of projected market demands and associated performance targets while bringing together stakeholders to work collectively and determine how technology might best be used to meet those needs. The end product of technology roadmapping is a detailed report, the technology roadmap (TRM). Canada and Industry Canada in particular has considerable experience in roadmapping. Since the process was initiated in 1995, over 35 technology roadmaps have been completed. The Industry Canada TRM process typically brings together industry, academia and government representatives in a series of workshops to identify knowledge barriers to competitiveness and to discuss ways to best meet future market demands. This knowledge exchange is driven by key questions relating to why, what, how, and when market and technological changes might take place (see Figure 1). The process combines the aspects of technology (capability) pull and technology push. 1

7 Figure 1. Roadmapping A Collaborative Effort Industry, Government and Academia The Soldier Systems TRM project is a collaborative effort that has gained strong government, industry and academic support. Its two main government stakeholders are the Department of National Defence (DND) (Army, Material Group and Defence Research and Development Canada [DRDC]) and Industry Canada. Several Figure 2: SSTRM Stakeholders other federal government departments contribute to the project as well, including Public Works and Government Services Canada (PWGSC), Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada (DFAIT) and the National Research Council (NRC). From industry, in addition to individual firms, the Canadian Association of Defence and Security Industries (CADSI) and Technopôle Defence and Security (TDS) two of Canada s leading defence Not a Procurement Activity The Soldier Systems TRM project is not part of DND or other government department procurement processes. It a knowledge-exchange exercise that aims to generate a shared view of the soldier of the future and the ways in which technology can help realize that vision. associations play a key role on the SSTRM project. Academia is also an important stakeholder (see Figure 2). 2

8 Participation in Soldier Systems TRM activities relies on the principles of clear collaboration and open innovation. Participation in the Soldier Systems TRM is free and voluntary, and open to Canadian and international manufacturing, services and technology-based companies of all sizes, as well as to researchers and other experts from academia, government and not-for-profit research organizations from Canada and around the world. Governance Soldier Systems TRM Governance The Soldier Systems TRM is governed by: A Technology Roadmap Senior Review Committee (SRC) An Executive Steering Committee (ESC) Technical Sub-Committees (TSC) in these areas: Power/Energy Weapons Effects: Lethal and Non-Lethal C4I (Control, Command, Communications, Computers, Intelligence) Sensing Survivability/Personal Protection/ Clothing and Footwear Human and Systems Integration Governance for the overall process is achieved through a strong oversight structure and a rigorous set of principles, terms of reference and code of ethics, all of which fall within the current Government of Canada policy framework. All documents related to the project are approved by the Department of Justice. The SSTRM project is governed by a Senior Review Committee, an Executive Steering Committee and six Technical Sub- Committees made up of government and industry representatives. For a detailed list of members, see Appendix A. The SSTRM s Three Phases The soldier systems roadmapping project includes three phases: definition, development and implementation. Definition Phase ( ): Activities in this phase include planning the overall project, adapting Industry Canada s roadmapping process to the SSTRM, and developing the Innovation, Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee) a web-based collaboration tool. The SSTRM is the first roadmap of such scope undertaken by the Government of Canada. Development Phase ( ): This phase entails fostering information exchange among all stakeholders who will contribute to a comprehensive Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap to support the Canadian Forces Soldier Modernization Effort (CFSME). The roadmap will contain a vision, goals, challenges, enabling technologies and R&D focus areas. The SSTRM project was officially launched through a kick-off session held in Ottawa in May

9 Implementation Phase ( ): The third phase involves implementing the Action Plan (a key element of the SSTRM Capstone Report) and establishing the Soldier Systems Interdepartmental Project Management Office (ipmo), an integrated DND/IC team that acts as a catalyst to maintain government, industry and academic engagement and collaboration for the purpose of developing novel solutions for the key challenges and enabling technologies identified in the roadmap. Amongst other things, implementation activities will include an annual workshop and collaboration initiatives such as technology standards, support and monitoring. SSTRM Project Enablers Development of the SSTRM was conducted through the use of novel software tools and a series of face-to-face workshops. Software Tools A: Web-based Knowledge Management Tool A key enabler of the SSTRM project is the Innovation, Collaboration and Exchange Environment (ICee), a password-protected, web-based collaboration tool comprising a database application and a wiki used to capture and share information and collaborate on topics relevant to the soldier systems capabilities identified by DND. This technology knowledge base is then used to build the roadmap. B: Roadmapping Software Specialized software will be used in the Implementation Phase to structure the elements of knowledge gathered through the SSTRM project, creating links between them and depicting them graphically. The software tool Vision Strategist TM from Sopheon was acquired for this purpose. Workshops The Development Phase included seven facilitated workshops that addressed the following themes and capabilities: Visioning; Power/Energy; Weapons; C4I; Sensing; Survivability, Sustainability and Mobility (including Personal Protective Equipment); and Human Factors and Integration. These workshops aimed to bring together members of the soldier system community of interest to share their knowledge and contribute to the development of the roadmap. Over 1,550 participants from national and international companies and research organizations attended the workshops. All workshop content (agendas, presentations and reports) is posted on the ICee tool. SSTRM participants were invited throughout the process to refine the content on the ICee that will be used to feed the Capstone Report (see Figure 3). 4

10 Figure 3: SSTRM Development Phase Activities 5

11 Scope: The Soldier System The SSTRM project focuses on the technology needs of the soldier as the centre of a complex and integrated system of other advanced technological systems. The soldier system (see Figure 4) incorporates anything related to the life and work of a ground force combatant, including integration with other platforms (e.g. vehicles). Figure 4: The Soldier System of Systems The focus of the Soldier Systems TRM the soldier system is defined within NATO as the integration of everything the soldier wears, carries, consumes and controls for enhanced individual and collective (small unit) capability. It centres on the needs of the dismounted soldier, who is often away from the supply network and must be selfsufficient for up to 72 hours. It also includes the linkages between the dismounted soldier and his or her mobility platform, which must also integrate fully and seamlessly with the soldier's systems. To achieve an integrated soldier system that enables individual soldiers to operate in the digitized battlespace in effective teams, all of the five NATO system capability areas mobility; command, control, communication, computer and intelligence (C4I); lethality; sustainability; and survivability must be addressed concurrently using a human factors approach. 6

12 The SSTRM Workshops from Visioning to Human and Systems Integration The workshops were the most important and visible component of the overall project and involved a full range of participants from industry, academia, and not-for-profit research organizations. These sessions provided the principal forum for participants and stakeholders to interact and exchange knowledge of soldier modernization. Among others things, a key intent of the workshops was to engage stakeholders in a discussion about future soldier capability gaps and needs, challenges and technology solutions. Therefore, the discussions and networking that occurred at the workshops were one of several inputs into the overall project process. The workshops included in the Development Phase of the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap are described below. 1. Visioning and Future Capabilities: Focused on an initial vision for each of the technical areas to be refined in subsequent workshops. 2. Power/Energy/Sustainability: Focused on the power and energy systems that drive all aspects of the soldier system. 3. Lethal and Non-Lethal Weapons Effects: Focused on the dismounted soldier's weapons effects, both lethal and non-lethal. 4. Command, Control, Communications, Computing and Intelligence (C4I): Focused on various aspects of command, control, communications, computing and intelligence. 5. Sensors: Focused on systems and devices that the soldier uses to understand the battle environment, including surveillance, target acquisition, night observation and other operational activities. 6. Survivability, Sustainability and Mobility: Focused on the full spectrum of clothing, footwear, and other equipment to protect the soldier from environmental and battle-related elements. 7. Human and Systems Integration: Focused on integrating all aspects of the soldier system addressed in the preceding technical workshops, and on the human factor. All related documentation about the SSTRM (Principles, Terms of References, Ethics Code, Workshop Agendas and Presentations) is available on the SSTRM website at 7

13 Workshop Goals, Process and Results Workshop Goals Through presentations, discussions, information exchange and networking, the goals of the technical workshops were to: 1. Identify the needs, challenges, drivers and capability goals of the necessary technologies associated with soldier system future requirements in specific areas (e.g. power, weapons effects, survivability) and the gaps and challenges associated with those needs and drivers. 2. Identify possible solutions to address the gaps and challenges. 3. Identify the technologies needed to develop the identified solutions. 4. Define future research and development (R&D) collaboration needs and opportunities. Workshop Process Although each workshop focused on a distinct area of the soldier system, all workshops shared common goals and followed the same general process. To meet these goals, the workshops adhered to a carefully designed process that included a mix of presentations, demonstrations and working sessions. Although all workshops used the same structure, the process was refined from one workshop to another. At each workshop, a recap of the previous workshop was presented. 8

14 Figure 5. The Workshop Process Presentations To Set the Scene: The considerable knowledge and expertise that participants brought to the workshops was augmented with presentations by industry, academia, Army staff and other government representatives. These focused on the full range of challenges and technical aspects associated with capability areas. Demonstrations: Demonstrations by Canadian Army personnel illustrated baseline challenges and portrayed situations faced by dismounted soldiers in the field. These included depictions of the typical load a soldier carries, the challenges of communicating while on operations, the need for various capabilities in weapons to address different tasks, and the ways in which all of the components of the dismounted soldier's technical environment must work together to optimize soldier system effectiveness. The demonstrations were an invaluable component of the workshops. Participants witnessed the reality of various aspects of situations dismounted soldiers face, soldiers' needs in those situations, and current deficiencies in meeting those needs. Equipment used in the demonstrations ranged widely, from personal protective gear and weapons to a light armoured vehicle. Demonstration complexity varied from individual soldiers to a complete rifle section with an accompanying vehicle. Working Sessions: Another important element of every workshop was a series of breakout sessions, typically four per workshop one for each of the four steps in the process during which participants worked together through brainstorming and discussion to identify the vision, deficiencies, priorities and challenges, and to suggest R&D solutions, options, development areas, and science and technology (S&T) and R&D potential focus areas. 9

15 During these sessions, participants were seated in groups of 7 to 10, typically according to a technology domain, theme or area of interest. The workshop facilitator organized the groups and ensured that each table had a mix of participants from industry, academia, and government with a range of minimum expertise. Participants at each table worked together to address a set of pre-defined questions. Group findings were recorded on flipcharts, and other materials were completed by participants during these sessions. One particular method used to encourage interaction and dialogue from all participants was a brainstorming session (which typically took place in the third session of each workshop) where all participants posted their individual answers or results on a wall (see Figure 6). This approach fostered broad interaction among participants and provided a strong tool with which to structure discussions and visualize areas of concentration. Full details of these sessions are captured in the reports for each workshop. Each working session was followed by a debriefing session, during which representatives of selected tables presented the results of their discussions. Figure 6. Participant Input the Key to Workshop Success 10

16 Workshop Results Following each workshop, a report was written that summarized key workshop findings and included the agenda, abstracts of the presentations, and results of the working sessions. Additional volumes were generated to provide complete presentations. These reports are available on the websites of the ICee tool, accessible from the Soldier Systems Technology Roadmap website: The summaries in this report What follows in this report is a summary of each of the workshops, presented in five components: Participation Scope Working Sessions Key Challenges Results (R&D focus areas) A breakdown of workshop participation. This consists of the number of individuals and corresponding percentage representing industry, academia and government, as well as the number of organizations represented at a particular workshop. A brief description of the specific workshop topic area (e.g. Power/Energy, Weapons, Sensing, etc.). A list of the specific session questions used in the workshop for discussion. Area-specific points to focus on, based on initial themes or needs provided by the TSCs, and on additional themes or needs that emerged during discussions by workshop participants. Areas identified by workshop participants as having the greatest potential for research and development collaborations to build solutions that address the technical challenges and meet the needs of the future dismounted soldier. 11

17 1. Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop Participation Total: 224 Academic: 2 (1%) Government: 86 (38%) Industry: 136 (61%) Organizations Represented: 97 Scope Working Sessions The opening exercise for the SSTRM was this Visioning and Future Capabilities workshop that brought together stakeholders to "think outside the box" and explore ways to work together to define and achieve specific goals. Sessions focused on the visioning drivers. In each of four breakout sessions, participants addressed these questions: 1. How does your specific industry segment relate to this technology area (e.g. soldier-level power/energy/sustainability)? 2. Based on DND's vision for "15 years out" for this technology area, what does technology need to be able to do in 10 years, and in 5 years? (Or, perhaps in the other direction: short-, medium- and longer-term?) Always maintain the soldier-level perspective: "why" the soldier needs this technology. 3. If a technical discussion is to be held on this technology area (e.g. power/energy/sustainability), is there a fundamental question that definitely needs to be considered by DND/CF/DRDC? Optional, if time permits: 4. What categories can this area break down into to ensure a holistic/integrated discussion about technologies? 5. What must be considered when discussing how this technology area links to other soldier-level technology areas (connectivity/integration)? Key Challenges Participants identified the following challenges: 1. Reduce weight New capabilities must ensure that the weight of a soldier's equipment decreases. 2. Integration All components of all systems must work together seamlessly to meet the dismounted soldier's needs. 3. Modularity The components of the soldier system must be configurable to accommodate a range of different missions. 4. Optimize power Electrical power, which is expensive, and which drives the soldier system, must be optimized. 5. Increase lethal and non-lethal capabilities A range of weapon capabilities must be available to address different roles and requirements. 6. Increase C4I/Sensor capabilities Enable voice and data handling for better navigation, target acquisition, communications and connectivity with other soldiers/teams/sensors/vehicles. 7. Improve survivability 12

18 Protective gear must be improved to shield the soldier from a range of environmental factors, including ballistic and blast issues related to the combat role. Results (R&D Focus Areas) Participants addressed the above questions for each of four technical areas: Power/Energy/ Sustainability; C4I and Sensors; Survivability and Personal Protective Equipment; and Lethal and Non-lethal Weapons. They recorded their responses on flipcharts, which were collected and used to generate the workshop report and help prepare the structure and content of subsequent workshops. For an example of the type of participant input compiled, see Figure 7 below. Details of all participant input are in the Visioning and Future Capabilities Workshop Report. The Visioning and Future Capabilities workshop provided the first opportunity to collectively discuss and capture a broad range of stakeholder information, and to begin developing the roadmap for future technology development. The information generated through this initial exercise served as the starting point for subsequent discussions that took place at the later workshops on individual capability areas. Figure 7 illustrates how the information from this workshop was represented for each of the capability areas. 13

19 Figure 7. Preliminary Capability Area Elements Future Capabilities Capability Area 5 years 10 years 15 years Power/Energy Weapons Effects C4I/Sensing Miniaturization Weight reduction System interoperability Power rail Improved accuracy Integrated lethal and non-lethal capabilities Sensors integrated into materials Miniaturization Wireless soldier network Hardware/software integration Rechargeable power sources Self-generating power sources Robust soldier-tosoldier network Removable sights Variable-power laser Large-scale deployment of integrated system Wireless voice, data and video Device integration and reduced power needs Dynamic power management (DPM) Power and equipment fully integrated Alternative power sources (bio fuel) Smart targeting Caseless ammunition Less weight, better integrated target acquisition Cross-functional integration with body armour Fully integrated future army Micro UAVs Survivability and Personal Protective Equipment Lighter, more efficient clothing Integration with other components of soldier system Greater functionality (durable, antimicrobial, etc.) Smart fibers Automatic environment control/first aid Embedded microsensors Phase-changing materials Multi-function system (ballistic, biological, etc.) Exo-mechanical load assist 14

20 2. Power, Energy and Sustainability Workshop Participation Total: 94 Academic: 4 (4%) Government: 29 (31%) Industry: 61 (65%) Organizations Represented: 52 Scope Working Sessions Key Challenges Results (R&D Focus Areas) Power/Energy was selected as the topic of the first "technical" SSTRM workshop due to its role as a primary driver and enabler of all soldier-level capabilities and because it affects every other aspect of the soldier system. Participants were asked to collaboratively discuss a series of questions in order to: 1. Determine the needs and drivers of the necessary technology associated with soldier system power/energy requirements, and the gaps and challenges associated with those needs and drivers. 2. Identify possible products to address those gaps and challenges. 3. Specify the technologies needed to develop the identified products. 4. Define actual areas related to power/energy/sustainability and the soldier system for further collaboration and development. 1. Storage 2. Generation 3. Harvesting 4. Transmission 5. Control 6. Legacy and support 7. Management and distribution Participants identified these initial S&T and R&D areas of focus: Mechanical generation: hand crank Mechanical generation: other kinetic forms Multi-fuel fuel cell Conformal storage material Super-fast-charging battery Place to store generated power Super-dense battery Other generation: mini hydro Other generation: solar Other generation: wind Other generation: radio isotope Other generation: biomass Other generation: photovoltaic 15

21 Other generation: Piezo electric Wireless distribution Power management and standardization Customizable power controller, distributor, sharing, allocation Distribution through clothing: electro-textile connector technology Non-contact distribution Transmission via Internet Standard connectors Standard connection to vehicle Participants used the above areas of focus to identify the following technology development projects and R&D themes for ongoing collaborative efforts: Theme 1: Power/Energy Standards Future Interoperability with allies and integration of soldier-level systems will require the adoption of common standards in the design process for all aspects of power, energy and sustainability systems and subsystems. Theme 2: Connectors Common power/energy connectors are an essential element for soldier systems, and no universal soldier system connector exists today. This project would involve developing a device that allows transfer of power/data across all standard devices and subsystems on the soldier. Interfaces and physical characteristics must reflect the user s environment as well as mechanical, electrical and data requirements. Theme 3: Storage (Batteries) All soldier systems have a common need to efficiently store electrical energy to be used later when needed by various devices. The demands of the soldier power system may vary considerably from nominal to peak power. Storage requirements are affected by a very demanding soldier environment, which can vary in temperature, humidity, etc. Theme 4: Integrated Power Management An important challenge is to take energy from diverse power sources and move it to various devices (capabilities) on the soldier to meet mission requirements. The integration of these requirements is related to all soldier systems and subsystems, including weapons, communications, forward operating base requirements, etc. Theme 5: Fuel Cells Fuel cells have been identified as a promising power source for soldier systems. They represent an alternative to standard energy storage technologies (battery, etc.), and are efficient with high-energy density based on fuel used. Theme 6: Electro-Textiles Electro-textiles can be used to make clothing that conducts electricity. Electricity will enable virtually every aspect of the soldier system. Therefore, enabling and improving transmission of electrical energy around the soldier is an essential ingredient in the design of the soldier system. Electrotextiles can be part of the transmission solution since they cover the soldier. 16