Major US Genomic Medicine Programs: NHGRI s Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (emerge) Network
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1 Major US Genomic Medicine Programs: NHGRI s Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (emerge) Network Dan Roden Member, National Advisory Council For Human Genome Research Genomic Medicine Working Group
2 Creating electronic medical records can enable Improved care of individual patients Identification of specific subsets of patients Discovery of new genotype-phenotype and phenotype-genotype associations Implementation of Genomic Medicine
3 Genomic predictors of disease susceptibility and drug response Engaging the Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Green et al. 2011
4 Implementing genomic medicine Green et al. 2011
5 : Phase I emerge-i goal: to assess utility of DNA collections integrated with electronic medical records (EMRs) as resources for genome science Each site identified a phenotype of interest in ~3,000 subjects and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) To what extent can identifiers be stripped from EMRs and research utility retained? Assess consent for genomic technologies & data sharing Develop and promulgate best practices for phenotyping and genomics in EMRs Coordinating Center
6 emerge-i phenotypes # Genotype Phenotype Case Control Cataract Dementia PAD QRS T2 Diabetes Data Sharing Memorandum of Understanding Each site has final authority regarding their data How data may be shared Privacy and Confidentiality agreements Limitations of Use
7 emerge-i phenotypes ` # Genotype Data Only Phenotype Case Control Case Control Cataract Dementia PAD QRS T2 Diabetes Data Sharing Memorandum of Understanding Each site has final authority regarding their data How data may be shared Privacy and Confidentiality agreements Limitations of Use
8 emerge-i phenotypes ` # Genotype Data Only Phenotype Case Control Case Control Cataract Dementia PAD QRS T2 Diabetes Platelet indices 13,582 Red cell indices 16,915 Hypothyroidism
9 Approach to electronic phenotyping Identify phenotype of interest Case & control algorithm development and refinement PPV<95% Manual review; assess precision PPV 95% Deploy at site 1 Validate at other sites Genetic association tests; replicate Denny et al., 2011
10 An emerge-wide phenotype analyzed with no extra genotyping: hypothyroidism European Americans (1,306 cases and 5,013 controls) Denny et al., 2011
11 GWAS: Target phenotype association P value The phenome-wide chromosomal location association study PheWAS (ΦWAS): Target genotype association P value diagnosis code PheWAS requirement: A large cohort of patients with genotype data and many diagnoses
12 PheWAS for rs near FOXE1 OR GWAS =0.74 OR PheWAS =0.76 N=13617 subjects Denny et al., 2011
13 Pleiotropy: PheWAS associations with an IRF4 SNP previously associated with hair and eye color All SNPs in the GWAS catalog have now been analyzed by N=13,385 PheWAS PheWAS provides a replication tool for conventional GWAS and identifies potential new genetic associations All data are publically available at emrphewas.org Denny et al., 2013
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15 : Phase II Coordinating Center
16 emerge-ii goals Expand the electronic phenotyping library and apply to genotyped samples Initiate implementation of actionable variants into the EMR Site-specific projects Cross network initiatives Define actionability, clinical utility, validity Advance methods for integration of genomic information into EMRs, including methods for visualization and Clinical Decision Support Evaluate physician and patient attitudes and educational needs : Phase II + pediatric sites Continued focus on consent, regulatory, privacy, and security issues; extend to clinical laboratory implementation. Coordinating Center
17 Network-wide patient survey: biobanking consent Questions: Do participants view specific consent to be a requirement for sharing biosamples and data for future research? Which biospecimen and biobanking-related research practices are likely to have the greatest impact on willingness to participate under broad consent? Plan Survey 100,000 participants and patients across the emerge institutions to elicit a wide cross-section of patient perspectives. Outcome Recommendations to inform future policy for the ethical conduct of human subject research
18 Network-wide return of results project: hemochromatosis Site C282Y/C282Y C828Y/H63D H63D/H63D Sum Geisinger GHC/Seattle Marshfield Mayo Mt. Sinai Northwestern Vanderbilt Total Do these patients carry the clinical diagnosis? Do they have clinical phenotypes?
19 Site-specific Genomic Medicine Implementation Pilot Projects Developing genetic risk scores and evaluating their potential clinical impact Marshfield: Age-related Macular Degeneration (7 SNPs) Mayo: Coronary Artery Disease (28 SNPs) Genotyping specific variants and evaluating impact on physicians and patients of returning results: Mount Sinai: ApoL1 variants and development of renal dysfunction in hypertensives Northwestern: Impact of genotyping for HFE and FVL variants in an Internal Medicine clinic
20 Site-specific Genomic Medicine Implementation Pilot Projects Whole genome sequencing Geisinger: WGS for undiagnosed disease in trios Pharmacogenomics focus Geisinger: Preemptive genotyping for IL28B in patients with hepatitis C Cincinnati Children s/boston Children s: Assay CYP2D6 and provide results to parents and providers Children s Hospital of Philadelphia: Response to beta-adrenergic agonists in children with asthma Vanderbilt: Multiplexed preemptive pharmacogenomic testing
21 emerge-pgrn Partnership PGx capabilities: CPIC guidelines Resequencing platform for 84 Very Important Pharmacogenes CLIA & QC standards EMR-informatics capabilities Privacy Electronic phenotyping Large populations Decision support
22 emerge-pgx project Identify target patients Aim 1 Develop list of actionable variants Resequence VIP genes; Identify actionable variants Target: 9000 subjects BCH GEISINGER CCHMC CHOP GHC/UW MAYO M/E/PSU MSSM NU VU Drug-Genome pairs study CYP2C19-Clopidogrel VKORC1/CYP2C9-Warfarin* SLCO1B1-Simvastatin * BCH DGI only VKORC1/CYP2C9-Warfarin * Geisinger and M/E/PSU also have CYP4F2-Warfarin
23 Identifying target patients BCH GEISINGER CCHMC CHOP GHC/UW M/E/PSU MSSM Using a Predictive Algorithm in Recruitment MAYO NU VU GEISINGER BCH CCHMC CHOP GHC/UW MAYO M/E/PSU MSSM NU Participants = Newly Recruited Subjects* * CCHMC and CHOP have a hybrid approach with a new subject cohort and an existing subject cohort being reconsented. VU
24 emerge-pgx project Identify target patients Aim 1 Develop list of actionable variants Resequence VIP genes; Identify actionable variants Aim 2 Actionable variants EMR deposit Result display Decision support Outcomes Performance metrics Healthcare impact
25 emerge-pgx project Identify target patients Aim 1 Develop list of actionable variants Resequence VIP genes; Identify actionable variants Aim 2 Actionable variants Aim 3 EMR deposit Result display Decision support Outcomes Performance metrics Healthcare impact Create repository of variants of unknown significance Initiate studies of function and of genotype-phenotype relationships
26 Outcomes Process outcomes Recruitment PGRN-Seq Sequencing metrics Comparison to Validation Genotyping EMR Integration and Clinical decision support Returned Results Education: clinicians, patients Healthcare outcomes Statins: Myopathy, Drug Switch Clopidogrel: Stent or ACS event? Within 30 days? Warfarin: Time to steady state? Time out of range? Bleeding? Thrombosis? Thiopurines: Blood counts, (disease outcome), Return of results project: 6 ACMG actionable genes
27 11,000 60,000 20,000 A paradox, and an opportunity 22,000 7,000 Large numbers of patients, of diverse ancestries, are required to develop 19,000 evidence to personalize medicine. 22, ,000 Current GWAS imputd set: 51, ,000 10,000 Coordinating Center
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29 Anonymizing records while enabling research At least k subjects with specified code groups (k=2 in this example) Test this scheme by setting k=5 and examining 192 phenotype-genotype associations in 5,944 k-anonymized records 5,944 records drawn from 104,904 k-anonymized records (biobank) 5,944 records drawn from 1,366,786 k-anonymized records (entire EMR)
30 Anonymizing records while enabling research Everyone with a medical record (1.5M patients) Everyone in Biorepository (100K patients) Specific Cohort (5000 patients) rs Heatherly, et al. 2013
31 Creation of the emerge Genomics Creation of QC Pipeline High throughput and high quality Generating a merged set across multiple genotyping platforms Imputation emerge-i (5 sites) 2 platforms: Illumina 660 & 1M emerge-ii (10 sites) Illumina 1M, Illumina 660W, Affymetrix 6.0, Illumina HumanOmni Express, Illumina Metabochip, ADME Illumina, Illumina Immunochip, Illumina Metabochip, Illumina OMNI 1, Illumina OMNI 5. dataset
32 EMR-linked biobanks in emerge-ii #of subjects with Site DNA samples linked to EMRs A Group paradox, Health Seattle and an opportunity 7,000 Marshfield 20,000 Mayo 19,000 Northwestern 11,000 Large numbers of patients, of diverse ancestries, are required to develop Vanderbilt 175,000 evidence to personalize medicine. Geisinger 22,000 Mt. Sinai 22,000 CHOP 60,000 Cincinnati/Boston 10,000 TOTAL 346,000
33 EMR-linked biobanks in Site emerge-ii #of subjects with DNA samples linked to EMRs Group Health Seattle 7,000 Marshfield 20,000 Mayo 19,000 Northwestern 11,000 Vanderbilt 175,000 Geisinger 22,000 Mt. Sinai 22,000 CHOP 60,000 Cincinnati/Boston 10,000 TOTAL 346,000
Outcome Data, Links to Electronic Medical Records. Dan Roden Vanderbilt University
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