Proceedings. Volume 1. Conference organized by GDMB, IIMCh, MetSoc, MMIJ, SME and TMS

Transcription

1 Proceedings Volume 1 Conference organized by GDMB, IIMCh, MetSoc, MMIJ, SME and TMS

2 Editor GDMB Paul-Ernst-Straße 10, D Clausthal-Zellerfeld Internet: Volume 1 ISBN Volume 2 ISBN Volume 3 ISBN Volume 4 ISBN Volume 5 ISBN Volume 6 ISBN Volume 7 ISBN Set (Volume ) ISBN All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or electronically processed, copied or distributed without the prior consent by the editor. The content of the papers is the sole responsibility of the authors. All papers were peer reviewed by the corresponding members of the technical groups of the organizing societies. Editorial staff: Production and marketing: Printed by: Dipl.-Ing. Jens Harre GDMB Informationsgesellschaft mbh Papierflieger GDMB Clausthal-Zellerfeld 2010 Bibliographische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet über abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliografic data is available in the internet at

3 Table of Contents Volume 1 Downstream Fabrication, Application and New Products Spray-formed Copper Alloys Have Become Mature 3 Igor Altenberger, Hilmar Müller, Robert Zauter Influence of Electrolytic Copper Impurities on the Results of Copper Rod 13 Plasticity Examination by AR Test A. Chmielarz, W. Baranek, G. Krawiec, D. Kopyto Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles from Copper Nitrate Solution by 21 Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (USP) B. Ebin, O. Gencer, S. Gurmen Process Technology for Melting and Casting of Ultrapure, Oxygen-Free 31 Copper Materials Wolfgang Eckenbach Experimental Investigation on the Ternary Phase Diagram Cu-Sn-P 49 M. Grasser, A. Ludwig, J. Riedle, W. Schillinger Macrosegregation Prediction for DC Casting of Ternary Bronze Alloys 65 J. Hao, M. Grasser, A. Ishmurzin, M. Wu, A. Ludwig, J. Riedle, R. Eberle BB05xi and BB95 Two New Environmental Friendly Copper Alloys 81 Ralf Hojda, Dr. Michael Köhler Machinability and Mechanical Properties of Lead-Free Wrought Brass Alloys 89 with Bismuth and Graphite Particles by Powder Metallurgy Process Dr. Imai Hisahi, Katsuyoshi Kondoh, Shufeng Li, Haruhiko Atsumi, Yoshiharu Kosaka Akimichi Kojima, Junko Umeda XIII

4 Copper Rod-Commodity or Speciality? 99 Jens Jacobsen Research of Oxygen Free Copper of Upcast Technology for 119 Electric and Electronic Uses T. Knych, A. Mamala, B. Smyrak, M. Walkowicz Research of Silver Copper from Contirod and Upcast Lines for the 137 Production of Trolley Wires T. Knych, A. Kawecki, A. Mamala, P. Kwaśniewski Testing the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Traction Equipment 155 Made from CuNi2Si Alloy T. Knych, P. Kwaśniewski, A. Mamala, A. Kawecki Comparison of Inductive Melting and Inductive Annealing 173 Dr. Rainer Menge Antimicrobial Copper Alloy Components for Air Handling Systems 185 Ph.D. Harold T. Michels, Adam A. Estelle, James H. Michel, Wilton R. Moran Antimicrobial Regulatory Testing for Copper Alloys in the USA 191 Ph.D. Harold T. Michels, Adam A. Estelle, James H. Michel, Wilton R. Moran Clinical Testing of Antimicrobial Copper Alloys 207 Ph.D. Harold T. Michels, Adam A. Estelle, James H. Michel, Wilton R. Moran Continuing Research on the Antimicrobial Properties of Copper Alloys 217 Ph.D. Harold T. Michels, Adam A. Estelle, James H. Michel, Wilton R. Moran Copper-Strips and Copper Tubes as Pre-Materials for High-Efficient 231 Solarthermic Equipment Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Naumann XIV

5 Directional Infiltration of 12 wt. % Copper into a Tungsten Porous Skeleton 247 J. Samei, D. Green, V. Stoilov, M. Alvani Structure and Properties of Copper Ecological Alloys Designed for 255 Elements of Fittings Prof. Dr. Inż. Z. Śmieszek, Doc. Dr. Inż. L. Ciura, Mgr. Inż. B. Cwolek, Mgr. Inż. W. Malec, Dr. Inż. B. Juszczyk, Mgr Inż. Ł. Wierzbicki (Marchewka) Practical Examples for the Reduction of Energy Consumption in a 271 Copper Rod Mill Dr. A. Wilbrand, Dr. S. Schneider Sustainable Development / Health, Safety and Environmental Control Environmental Regulatory Framework for a Copper Mine in México 285 M.Sc. Delia Patricia Aguayo Hurtado Optimisation of Water Recovery from Tailings Through the Use of 301 Screens at Mantos Blancos M. Alfaro, R. Subiabre A Sustainable Management Model Based on Business Excellence as 309 Applied to Mining Companies José A. Botín, Francisco Herrándiz Sustainable Management: A Strategic Challenge for a Global Minerals 319 and Metals Industry José A. Botín, Miguel Palacios Management and Use of Water in the Chilean Copper Mining Industry: 333 State of the Art and Forecast Rossana C. Brantes A. XV

6 Conflict over the Sustainability of Copper Mining: 351 Experiences from MI & WI Gary A. Campbell, Christa Walck, Anne Hartingh The EU Copper Risk Assessment: Summary and Applications 365 K. Delbeke et al. Optimal and Sustainable Metals Recovery from Smelter and 379 Converter Copper Slag Gaspard Devos, Michel Houbart, Jean-Luc Roth Corporate Sustainability 387 Dirk Hannemann, Jan Lübbe The Effect of Current Density and Temperature on Copper Powder 399 Recovery by Electrolysis Gökçe Hapçı, Gökhan Orhan Environmental Improvement of Anode Production at Aurubis 413 in Hamburg Frank Hoffmeister, Torben Edens, Matthias Krystkowiak A New Technology to Recover Metallic Nano-Particles from 425 By-Product and Wastewaters of Copper Industry Aneta Łukomska, Anna Plewka, Przemysław Łoś Mining Labour Productivity: The Copper Industry with Particular 439 Reference to Chile Patricio Pérez O., J. Joaquín Jara D. Study for the Production of Gypsum in the Acid Effluent Treatment 465 Plant of Paipote Smelter R. Ponce, D. Smith, C. Hernández, A. Ulloa, E. Balladares, F. Parada XVI

7 Production of Elemental Sulphur from SO M. Rameshni, S. Santo Heat Recovery and Energy Optimization in Smelter Gas Cleaning 497 Paykan Safe, Matt Russell Reduction of Fugitive Emissions in the Non-Ferrous Metal Industry 517 Thoralf Schlutzkus, Orhan Cekel, Dr. Karin Hinrichs-Petersen Strategies for Managing Environmental Problems Related to Water in 533 Copper Mining Industry Rüdiger Schwarz, André Gerth, Anja Hebner, Sylvia Morgenstern Environmental Engineering in the Design of Mining Projects 547 M. Villafañe, J. Murray Sustainability in Copper Production 561 Peter Willbrandt, Michaela Hessling, Kirsten Kück, Dr. Karin Hinrichs-Petersen Clean Water Environment and Production 577 Innovative Water Treatment Processes for the Mining Industry Dipl.-Ing. Yun Zeng, Dr. Richard Woodling XVII

8 Table of Contents Volume 2 Pyrometallurgy I (Authors A-L) Design of Copper-Cobalt Sulphating Roasters for Katanga Mining Limited 587 in D.R. Congo Dr. Kamal Adham, Tuisko Buchholz, Alex Kokourine, Rayson Lu, Jim Sarvinis, Andrew Tohn, Stephane Girouard Filsulfor and Gypsulfor: Modern Design Concepts for Weak Acid Treatment 601 Dr. Angela Ante Feasibility to Profitability with Copper ISASMELT 615 G. R. Alvear F., P. Arthur, P. Partington Present and Future Modernization of Metallurgical Production Lines of the 631 Głogów Copper Smelter Leszek Byszyński, Leszek Garycki, Zbigniew Gostyński, Tomasz Stodulski, Jerzy Urbanowski Energy Consumption in Copper Sulphide Smelting 649 P. Coursol, P. J. Mackey, C. M. Díaz Problems of Lead and Arsenic Removal from Copper Production in a 669 One-Stage Flash-Smelting Process J. Czernecki, Z. Śmieszek, Z. Miczkowski, G. Krawiec, S. Gizicki Control of Fugitive Emissions in a Continuous Mitsubishi C-Furnace 685 during Limestone Fluxing Adam Salomon de Friedberg, Alan Hyde, Mark Coleman Modern Flash Smelting Cooling Systems 699 K. Fagerlund, M. Lindgren, M. Jåfs XIII

9 Introduction of a Slide Gate System for Copper Anode Furnaces 713 Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Gamweger New Highly Efficient Rotary Furnace for Environmentally Friendly 721 Refining Process Dr. Bernhard Hanusch Sulphur Capacity of the FeO -CaO-SiO 2 Slag of Interest to the 731 Copper Smelting Process H. M. Henao, P. C. Hayes, E. Jak Changes in the ISASMELT TM Slag Chemistry at Southern Peru Ilo Smelter 749 Enrique Herrera, Leopoldo Mariscal Experimental Study of Phase Equilibria of Silicate Slag Systems 761 M. Phil. T. Hidayat, Dr. H. M. Henao, Prof. P. C. Hayes, Prof. E. Jak Dryer Fuel Reduction and Recent Operation of the Flash Smelting Furnace 779 at Saganoseki Smelter & Refinery after the SPI Project Mitsumasa Hoshi, Katsuya Toda, Tatsuya Motomura, Masaharu Takahashi, Yushiro Hirai Development of the Continuous Copper Converting Using Two-Zone 793 Vaniukov Converter E. Jak, L. Tsymbulov Liquidus Temperature in Calcium Ferrite Slags in Ca 2 Fe 2 O 5 and Ca 2 SiO Primary Phase Fields with Cu and Fixed Po 2 E. Jak, B. Zhao, C. Nexhip, D. P. George-Kennedy, P. C. Hayes Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow and Melt Temperature in Settler 823 Zhou Jun, Zhou Ping, Chen Zhuo, Liu Anming, Meichi XIV

10 Profit Enhancement through Steam Selling 831 Kyoung-Soo Jung, Gun-Woong Byun, Sung-Ho Shin Gas Injection Phenomena in Converters An Update on Buoyancy 839 Power and Bath Slopping Dr. Joël P. T. Kapusta Recovery of Valuable Metals from Converter Slags by Reduction with Iron 863 Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Konetschnik, Dipl.-Ing. Helmut Paulitsch, Dipl.-Ing. Dr.mont. Josef Pesl, Ao.Univ.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.mont. Helmut Antrekowitsch Waste heat boilers for Copper Smelting Applications 879 Dipl.-Ing. Stefan Köster Processing of High-Silicon Copper Sulfide Concentrates by 893 Vanyukov Smelting S. M. Kozhakhmetov, S. A. Kvyatkovskiy, E. A. Ospanov, Z. S. Abisheva, A. N. Zagorodnyaya Boiler Tube Cooling of TSL-Furnace Walls 907 Heikki Lankinen, Rauno Peippo Experimental Estimation of the Residence Time Distribution 919 in a P-S Converter C. López, A. Almaraz, R. Cuenca, B. Hernández, F. Reyes, G. Plascencia Numerical Simulation of Air Blowing into a Copper Matte 931 in a P-S Converter Using a Convergent / Divergent Nozzle C. López, A. Almaraz, I. Arellano, E. Martínez, M. A. Barrón, T. A. Utigard, G. Plascencia XV

11 Table of Contents Volume 3 Pyrometallurgy II (Authors M-Z) Sulphide Bath Smelting: 19 th Century Concept and Hollway s Legacy 945 P. J. Mackey, A. E. Wraith Large Scale Copper Smelting Using Ausmelt TSL Technology at the 961 Tongling Jinchang Smelter R. W. Matusewicz, Prof. M. A. Reuter, S. P. Hughes, Shengdao Lin, Laisheng Sun Extending Copper Smelting and Converting Furnace Campaign Life 971 through Technology K. McKenna, C. Newman, N. Voermann, R. Veenstra, M. King, J. Bryant High Intensity Cast Cooling Element Design and 987 Fabrication Considerations K. McKenna, N. Voermann, R. Veenstra, C. Newman Management of Copper Flash Smelting Off-Gas Line Gas Flow 1003 and Oxygen Potential Dr. Elli Miettinen, Tapio Ahokainen, Kaj Eklund The Teniente Converter: A High Smelting Rate and Versatile Reactor 1013 Alex Moyano, Fernando Rojas, Carlos Caballero, Jonkion Font, Marco Rosales, Hugo Jara Development of Sumitomo Concentrate Burner 1025 K. Nagai, K. Kawanaka, K. Yamamoto, S. Sasai Review of Process Options to Treat Enargite Concentrates 1035 J. G. Peacey, M. Z. Gupta, K. J. R. Ford XIII

12 Customized Burner Concepts for the Copper Industry 1051 Dipl.-Ing. Michael Potesser, Dipl.-Ing. Burkhardt Holleis, Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Mont. Martin Demuth, Dipl.-Ing. Davor Spoljaric MBA, Dipl.-Ing. Johannes Zauner Process Optimization by Means of Heat and Mass Balance 1063 Based Modelling at Olympic Dam D. J. Ranasinghe, R. Russell, R. Muthuraman, Z. Dryga Clyde-WorleyParsons Flash Furnace Feed System: 1079 The Development Cycle Michael E. Reed, Charles U. Jones, Brian Snowdon, Mark Coleman A Fluid-Dynamic Review of the Teniente Converter 1095 M. Rosales, J. Font, R. Fuentes, A. Moyano, F. Rojas, C. Caballero, R. Mackay Usage of Colemanite in Copper Matte Smelting 1115 Aydın Rüşen, Ahmet Geveci, Yavuz Ali Topkaya Furnace Condition Assessment and Monitoring by Utilization of 1123 Innovative Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) Techniques Afshin Sadri, Ehsan Shameli, Pawel Gebski, David George-Kennedy Gresik Operation: Past, Present and Future 1143 Hideya Sato, Djoko S. Adji, Antonius Prayoga, Bouman Tiroi S. FSF Online Process Advisor 1155 Ville Suontaka, Peter Björklund The Development of the Chinese Copper Industry and 1167 Copper Extraction Technology Yao SuPing, Wang Wei XIV

13 Gas-Gas Cooler as Off-Gas Duct for a Slag Cleaning Furnace: 1173 Example of HSE Progress and Engineering Excellence Michael Ströder, Miguel Palacios Kumera Technology for Copper Smelters 1183 Jyri Talja, Dr. Shaolong Chen, Hannu Mansikkaviita The Initial Years of the O-SR Process 1199 F. Tanaka, K. Kiyotani, O. Iida Latest Results of the Intensive Slag Cleaning Reactor for Metal Recovery 1213 on the Basis of Copper A. Warczok, G. Riveros, R. Degel, J. Kunze, M. Kalisch, H.Oterdoom 3D-Refractory Engineering Using the Example of a 1233 MAERZ Tilting Furnace Dr. Christine Wenzl, Dipl.-Ing. Ladislav Koncik, Stefan Ruhs, Dr. Andreas Filzwieser Ionic Liquids The New Way in Cooling Technology 1247 Dr. Christine Wenzl, Dr. Andreas Filzwieser, Dr. Iris Filzwieser, Eva Raaber Gold Extraction from Copper Ferrite Residue Produced by 1259 Oxidizing Roasting Copper Matte I. Wilkomirsky, N. Rojas, E. Balladares Smelting of High-Arsenic Copper Concentrates 1273 I. Wilkomirsky, R. Parra, F. Parada, E. Balladares, Carlos Caballero, Andrés Reghezza, Jorge Zúñiga Distribution of Precious Metals between Matte and Slag and 1287 Precious Metal Solubility in Slag Katsunori Yamaguchi XV

14 Effects of SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, MgO and Na 2 O on Spinel Liquidus in 1297 Calcium Ferrite Slags with Cu and Fixed Po 2 B. Zhao, C. Nexhip, D. P. George-Kennedy, P. Hayes, E. Jak Simulation Study of Intensified Flash Smelting Process 1313 Chen Zhuo, Zhou Jun, Wang Yunxiao, Liu Anming, Meichi XVI

15 Table of Contents Volume 4 Electrowinning and -refining Measurement of Bubble Size Distribution in Copper 1237 Electrowinning Process by Image Analysis Reza Al Shakarji, Yinghe He, Simon Gregory Developments in Cathode Stripping Machines 1253 An Integrated Approach for Improved Efficiency N. J. Aslin, O. Eriksson, G. J. Heferen, G. Sue Yek Evaluation of Mist Suppression Agents for Use in 1271 Copper Electrowinning Jack T. Bender The Simulation of Current Distribution in Cells During the 1281 Electrowinning of Copper Dr. Anthony Blackett, Prof. Michael Nicol Thermodynamics of Matte to Doré Metal Refining 1293 P. Met. Eng. M.Sc. Manuel Devia The New ISA 2000 Refinery of Aurubis in Pirdop 1307 Ivailo Djurov The Effect of SPCC Smelter Modernization on Anode Quality 1327 and Electrorefining Process F. Fernandez, F. Begazo Recent Improvements at Tamano Refinery 1345 M. Hashimoto, M. Narita, K. Shimokawa XIII

16 Improvement in Copper EW and ER Processes by Using a 1355 Multi-Frequency AC + DC Current Christian Hecker C., Manuel Vera Q., Manuel Martínez G., Juan Pablo Bustos R., Cristián Villavicencio A., Ernesto Beas B. Periodic Oscillations During Electrolytic Dissolution of 1367 Copper Anodes J. Brent Hiskey, M. S. Moats Understanding and Improvement of Electrowinning 1379 Current Efficiency at FMI Bagdad S. Joy, A. Staley, M. Moats, C. Perkins, J. Uhrie, T. Robinson Sustainable Developments in Copper Anode Slimes 1393 Wet Chlorination-Processing Daniel Kim, Shijie Wang, Doug Brees Hydrometallurgical Process of Precious Metals in Naoshima 1403 Smelter & Refinery Katsura Komori, Shinichi Ito, Satoshi Okada, Shigehiko Iwahori Evolution of Cathode Quality at Konkola Copper Mines 1413 Satish Kumar, Witker Zimba, Chisulo Sakala, Francis Zambika Improved Efficiency, Maintenance and Safety with Integrated 1423 Tankhouse Information Management Martti Larinkari, Ari Rantala Effect of Variable Current on the Current Efficiency in 1437 Copper Electrorefining S. M. Lee, S. C. Ahan, W. K. Lyu, S. G. Lee, H. K. Hong, S. H. Cho Intensification of Copper Electrowinning 1449 Alejandro R. Lillo XIV

17 How Anodes Passivate in Copper Electrorefining 1463 M. S. Moats, J. Brent Hiskey MnO 2 Deposition on Coated Titanium Anodes in 1483 Copper Electrowinning Solutions M. S. Moats Effect of As, Sb, Bi and Oxygen in Copper Anodes 1495 During Electrorefining Claudia A. Möller, Myagmarsuren Bayanmunkh, Bernd Friedrich Smart Anodes for Electrochemical Processing of Copper Production 1511 M. Morimitsu, N. Oshiumi, N. Wada Recent Improvements and Expansion at the Toyo Copper Refinery 1521 K. Nagai, T. Hashikawa, Y. Yamaguchi Synergistic Effects of Thiourea, Polymer Additives and Chloride Ions 1531 on Copper Electrorefining H. Nakano, S. Oue, H. Fukushima, S. Kobayashi, K. Tomioka Copper Electrowinning with High Current Density 1545 Dr. Ville Nieminen, Henri Virtanen, Eero Ekman, Lauri Palmu, Eero Tuuppa Managing the Passivation Layer on Lead Alloy Anodes in 1559 Copper Electrowinning Aleks Nikoloski, Michael Nicol, Alan Stuart Optimization of a Tankhouse Harvesting Plan 1569 Mats Nikus, Mikko Korpi, Jukka Rantala Incorporation of Copper Solvent Extraction into a 1585 Copperbelt Cobalt Refinery Andrew Nisbett, Nathan Emmerich, Angus Feather, Gift Chisakuta XV

18 New Lead Anode for Copper Electrowinning 1593 R. David Prengaman, Timothy Ellis Management of Electrolyte Impurities at the Atlantic Copper Refinery 1599 Dr. Guillermo Ríos, Rafael Ramírez, Cristina Arbizu Demonstration of the Ferrous/Ferric Anode Reaction for 1617 Copper Electrowinning S. Sandoval, P. Cook, C. Morales, T. Robinson Development and Commercialization of an Alternative Anode for 1635 Copper Electrowinning S. Sandoval, C. Clayton, S. Dominguez, C. Unger, T. Robinson Measuring and Modelling Copper Electrowinning Current Efficiency 1649 in Chloride Media Prashant K. Sarswat, Michael L. Free Process Change for the Treatment of Spent Electrolyte at 1663 Aurubis Hamburg Peter Stantke, Dr. Guenther Leuprecht Copper Electrorefining at High Current Densities 1675 Michael Stelter, Hartmut Bombach Copper Refining in Nitrate Solutions 1687 Michael Stelter, Hartmut Bombach, Lutz Raabe, Volkmar Häuser The Oxidation of Manganese Ions on Lead Alloys During the 1699 Electrowinning of Copper Venny Tjandrawan, Michael J. Nicol Newest Developments Using the METTOP-BRX-Technology 1713 Dr. Christine Wenzl, Dr. Iris Filzwieser, Dr. Andreas Filzwieser, Dipl.-Ing. Andreas Anzinger XVI

19 Table of Contents Volume 5 Hydrometallurgy Effect of Oxidation Reduction Potential on Dissolution of a 1725 Chalcopyrite Copper Concentrate A. Ahmadi, M. Ranjbar, M. Schaffie, Z. Manafi Enhanced Leaching of Chalcopyrite at Low Potentials in 1737 Chloride Solutions 1. Concentrates Petrus Basson, Dr. Hajime Miki, Prof. Dr. Michael Nicol, Dr. Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes Enhanced Leaching of Chalcopyrite at Low Potentials in 1753 Chloride Solutions 2. Mechanisms Petrus Basson, Dr. Hajime Miki, Prof. Dr. Michael Nicol, Dr. Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes Enhanced Leaching of Chalcopyrite at Low Potentials in 1771 Chloride Solutions 3. Ores Petrus Basson, Dr. Elmar Muller, Prof. Michael Nicol Treatment of High-Arsenic Copper-Gold Concentrates 1783 An Options Review Ken Baxter, Hermann Scriba, Ivan Vega Development of the Technology for Recovery of Rhenium in 1803 Polish Copper Smelters A. Chmielarz, G. Benke, K. Leszczyńska-Sejda, K. Anyszkiewicz, K. Litwinionek Dissolution of Copper Selenide in Ferric Sulphate and 1815 Chalcopyrite in Cupric Chloride Media J. E. Dutrizac, T. T. Chen XIII

20 Effect of Galvanic Interactions between Pyrite and 1845 Chalcopyrite on the Galvanox TM Process Eng. Maziar Eghbalnia, Prof. David G. Dixon Special Stainless Steel Grades for the Hydrometallurgical Industry 1857 S. Ekman, E. Torsner A New Technology for Processing Hydrometallurgical 1871 Copper Ore, Cobre Las Cruces Project Francois Fleury, Enrique Delgado, Nelson Collao Solvent Extraction Applied to Mixed Copper and 1899 Zinc Bearing Materials C. Frias, A. Mejias, D. Martin, G. Diaz An Electrochemical Model for Acidic Dissolution of 1909 Chalcopyrite (CuFeS 2 ) Mineral Ahmad Ghahremaninezhad, Edouard Asselin, David G. Dixon Selecting between Weak and Strong Extractants on 1925 Acid Solutions in Copper SX Hans Hein MRT Applications in Copper Refining: 1941 Bismuth Removal from Copper Electrolyte Steven R. Izatt, Neil E. Izatt, John B. Dale, Dr. Ronald L. Bruening The Rate-Controlling Step of Chalcopyrite Dissolution in 1959 Concentrated Cupric Chloride Solution Mari Lundström, Jari Aromaa, Olof Forsén Heap Leaching Solutions Treatment with the ECUPREX Process 1973 Dr. Massimo Maccagni XIV

21 CESL Process as Applied to Enargite-Rich Copper Concentrates 1983 Keith Mayhew, Pardeep Parhar, Henry Salomon-de-Friedberg Copper Oxide Agitated Leaching on the African Copperbelt, 1999 and Possible Heap Leach Application Lisa Roux, Michelle van Rooyen, Ellen Minnaar, Eduardo Robles, Ilne Cronje Pressure Leaching of a Chalcopyrite Concentrate 2017 Dr. Maria C. Ruiz, Ms. Kelly Montes, Dr. Rafael Padilla The Behavior of Magnetite on Mo Recovery from Copper Slags 2029 via Acidic Leaching Mario Sánchez, José Palacios The Marcobre Vat Leach System: A New Look at an Old Process 2039 Ph.D., P. Eng. W. Joseph Schlitt, B. Eng Adam Johnston Getting More Out of Your Copper SX Plant 2059 Matthew Soderstrom, Troy Bednarski, Hector Yañez, Alexis Soto, Eduardo Kamenetzky, Violina Cocalia Arsenic Inertization from Copper Pyrometallurgy through 2071 Phases of the Alunite Supergroup J. Viñals, A. Sunyer, E. Torres, V. Beltran, N. Llorca Solvent Extraction of Metals and Cyanide from 2087 Waste Cyanide Solution by LIX 7950 Feng Xie, David Dreisinger XV

22 Table of Contents Volume 6 Economics The Influence of Costs on Future Copper Prices 2101 David Coombs Impact of the CO 2 Emission Trading Scheme on the Copper Industry 2117 Ulf Gehrckens Business Optimization With and Without Economic Crisis 2127 Dr.-Ing. Eugenio Gómez, Ing. Patricio González, Ing. Sergio González Challenges with Developing a Copper L-SX-EW Plant near 2137 Battle Mountain, Nevada, USA A. House, R. Orr, M. Nees Outsourcing of By-Products: An Opportunity for Process Improvement 2159 Christina E. M. Meskers, Guy Daelman, Sybolt Brouwer Costs in Copper Mining: 2171 How Much Different Inputs Impact on Chilean Companies? Patricio Perez Oportus Delta Project 2189 Ricardo Ponce, David Olguín, Ricardo Bassa Global Copper Market Drivers in Carlos Risopatron Capital Savings Through the Use of Dynamic Modeling 2235 Eng. Eduardo Zavala Rivera XIII

23 Risks and Uncertainty for the Development of the Bor Basin of Copper 2249 Slavka Zekovic Process Control, Automatization and Optimization Application of Ultrasonic Extinction for Simultaneous On-Line Particle 2267 Size Distribution and Solid Concentration Analysis of Mineral Slurries Dipl.-Ing. Christian Behrens, M.Sc. Andrew Smith, Dipl.-Ing. Axel Pankewitz Granulation System for Copper Slag and Copper White Metal 2283 Gustavo Cartagena R., Gerardo Renner M., Eduardo Mena Z. Managing Refinery Constraints within an Automated 2295 Production Environment M.Sc. L. Deaulmerie, M.Sc. V. Griez, M.Sc. C. Denoël, M.Sc. P. Polfliet, M.Sc. N. Vermeiren, M.Sc. J. Ronsyn Prediction of Slag Coating Thickness on Mitsubishi Converting 2307 Furnace Jackets B. Desai, T. Bhatt, S. Thakre, B. Basu, R. S. Chugh, R. S. Mishra An Update on Praxair Coherent Jet Technology in Anode Refining 2327 at Kennecott Utah Copper Arsenio (Jun) Enriquez, Colin Nexhip, Gerald Poplar, Adrian Deneys Breaking through Existing Limits Using a Realtime Material Flow 2341 Management Solution for the Optimisation of Copper Production Stephan Gernerth-Mautner Markhof, Ralph Ammon, Dr. Dirk Bernhard, Erwin Bronk, Hamid Kashefipour Analysis and Improvements of a Radiant Cooling Chamber 2357 in a Copper Smelter M.A.Sc. L. H. Gunnewiek, Bsc. Maximo Leon Ganem, Bsc. G. Zamorano XIV

24 Optimizing Your Copper Process with the Right Measurement Mix 2369 Dipl.-Ing. Jens Hundrieser Development of Process Advisor for FSF Concentrate Mineralogy 2381 H. Joshi, S. Thakre, B. Basu, D. Shah, S. Chauhan, R. S. Chugh, K. Khandelwal CFD-Simulation as a Tool for System Optimization Based on the Example 2397 of a Copper Refining Furnace Holger Kassebaum, Dr. Christian Malek, Dr. Karl Hermann Bruch, Markus Hufschmidt, Matthias Schuhmacher Minor Element Deportment at the Kennecott Utah Copper Smelter 2415 R. Kaur, C. Nexhip, M. Wilson, D. George-Kennedy Control of Copper Concentrator by LOI Measurement 2433 Hossein Nematollahi, Farajollah Kiani, Sedigheh Zeidabadi Oxidation-Volatilization of Enargite and Stibnite 2443 at Roasting / Smelting Temperatures Dr. Rafael Padilla, Alvaro Aracena, Dr. Maria C. Ruiz New Technologies and Optimization of Reagents in Sulfide Flotation 2453 Mike Peart, D. R. Nagaraj, S. A. Ravishankar, Ricardo Capanema An Enhanced Process for Tellurium Production in Mexicana de Cobre 2473 A. Robles-Vega, V. M. Sánchez-Corrales, J. P. Evans Penetration Behavior of an Annular Gas-Solid Jet 2483 Impinging on a Liquid Bath H. Y. Sohn, Nurzhan Dyussekenov, Sung Sil Park XV

25 Design Modification Using CFD to Improve the Performance 2499 of the Waste Heat Boiler S. Thakre, T. Kumaresan, B. Basu, D. Shah, S. Chauhan, R. S. Chugh, K. Khandelwal, Y. Mathur Energy Efficient and Reliable Pneumatic Conveying Solutions 2517 at Aurubis Paul Walker, Mark Coleman, Gavin Money A New Process of Copper Smelting with Oxygen Enriched 2527 Bottom Blowing Technology Cui Zhixiang, Shen Dianbang, Wang Zhi, Li Weiqun, Bian Ruimin XVI

26 Table of Contents Volume 7 Plenary Copper Sulphide Smelting: Past Achievements and Current Challenges 2543 Carlos M. Díaz Sustainable Growth Strategy for Japanese Copper Business 2563 Toshinori Kato Mineral Processing Optimization of Copper Concentrate Bioleaching by 2575 Mixed Moderate Thermophile Bacteria A. Ahmadi, M. Ranjbar, M. Schaffie, Z. Manafi Industrial NSC Pressure Oxidation of Combined Copper and 2589 Molybdenum Concentrates Corby G. Anderson, Todd S. Fayram, Larry G. Twidwell HPGRs in Copper Ore Comminution A Technology Broke Barriers 2621 E. Burchardt, N. Patzelt, J. Knecht, R. Klymowsky Evaluation of Copper Losses in the Slag Cleaning Circuits from 2637 Two Chilean Smelters N. Cardona, L. Hernandez, E. Araneda, R. Parra, L. Bahamondes, R. Parada, J. Vargas, M. Artigas Leaching of Gangue in Technological Flotation Circuits of 2655 Polish Copper Ores Tomasz Chmielewski, Andrzej Luszczkiewicz XIII

27 Pressure Leaching of Shale Middlings from Lubin Concentrator in 2673 Oxygenated Sulphuric Acid Tomasz Chmielewski, Jerzy Wódka Mine to Heap in Mantoverde Anglo American Division 2693 Manuel Díaz, Cristian Salgado, Carlos Pérez, Cristian Alvayai, Leonardo Herrera, Gabriel Zárate Predicting the Effects of Locked, Partially Locked, and 2703 Liberated Minerals in Copper Leaching Michael L. Free, Abraham L. Jurovitzki Predicting Leaching Solution Acid Consumption as a 2711 Function of ph in Copper Ore Leaching Michael L. Free Copper from Pyrite A Short History 2721 Fathi Habashi Copper Crud Treatment, Concentration Dependent Pond Depth 2737 Adjustment for Decanter Centrifuges, DControl Dipl.-Ing.Tore Hartmann, Dr. Ulrich Horbach, Jens Kramer A Specific Electrode for On-line ph Measurement in 2747 SAG Cleaner Flotation Circuits Christian Hecker C., Alejandro González S., Alejandra Mejías J., Claudia Rodríguez F. Redox Potential Control in Column Leaching of Chalcopyrite 2753 Naoki Hiroyoshi, Takenari Kuwazawa, Yuki Takehara, Masami Tsunekawa Separation Characteristics of Chalcopyrite and Pyrite via 2765 Bench Scale Flotation Investigations S. Kelebek, Z. El Jundi, S. Reeves, H. Özdeniz XIV

28 Bioleaching of Crude Chalcopyrite Ores by the Thermophilic 2781 Archaean Acidianus brierleyi in a Batch Reactor Y. Konishi, N. Saitoh, M. Shuto, T. Ogi, K. Kawakita, T. Kamiya Hybrid Flotation Newly Developed Flotation Technology for 2793 Increased Recovery Especially in the Finest Particle Fractions W. Krieglstein, L. Grossmann Perspectives of Copper Mining Industry Development in Poland 2807 Ph.D. Eng. Jan Kudełko, Ph.D. Jacek Pyra, Ph.D. Eng. Jerzy Sobociński Control of Bubble Size in a Laboratory Flotation Column 2829 Miguel Maldonado, Dr. André Desbiens, Dr. Éric Poulin, Dr. René del Villar, Alberto Riquelme Flow Process in the Aerator of the Flotation Machine 2845 Preliminary Simulations Adam Mańka, Adam Fic, Andrzej Sachajdak, Ireneusz Szczygieł Analysis of Fine Particles Behaviour in Flotation of Polish Copper Ores 2859 Ph.D. Eng. A. Potulska HPGR versus SAG Milling Technology in Hard-Rock Mining 2873 Review and Analysis Irshad Rana, Kris Chandrasekaran, Ken Wood Selective Leaching of Arsenic from Copper Ores and 2883 Concentrates Containing Enargite in NaHS Media William Tongamp, Yasushi Takasaki, Atsushi Shibayama Copper Leaching from Molybdenite in Acidic FeCl 3 Solutions with FeCl Yan Zhang, Narangarav Tumen-Ulzii, Zhibao Li XV

29 Recycling Shifting Core Business Vision: From Copper to Polymetallics 2913 A Recycling Point of View Juan Ignacio Barturen Zabala Solubility of Scorodite Synthesized by Oxidation of Ferrous Ions 2923 Tetsuo Fujita, Etsuro Shibata, Takashi Nakamura Biosolubilization of Copper from Waste Electric Cables 2935 Asst. Prof. S. Gaydardzhiev, D. Bastin, Dr. P. F. Bareel, Eng. F. Goffinet Dowa Mining Scorodite Process Application to Copper Hydrometallurgy 2947 H. Kubo, M. Abumiya, M. Matsumoto Recycling of Electric Home Appliances in Minamata 2959 Yoshihiro Watanabe New Standards in Environmental Protection for Copper Recycling 2971 Dr. Franz-Josef Westhoff, Dr. Claus Meyer-Wulf Posters Recovery of Copper from Copper Smelter Wastewater by Electrodialysis 2986 Dr. Henrik K. Hansen, Dipl.-Ing. Claudia Gutiérrez, Dipl.-Ing. Jorge Ferreiro Removal of Arsenic from Copper Smelter Wastewaters by 2988 Airlift Electrocoagulation Dr. Henrik K. Hansen, Dipl.-Ing. Claudia Gutiérrez, M.Sc. Patricio Nuñez Quantitative Mineralogy: X-ray Analytics of Copper Ores and Concentrates 2990 Dr. Karsten Knorr XVI

30 Continuously Cast Copper Alloys in Thin Dimensions and Their Applications 2992 Dr. rer. nat. Eberhard E. Schmid Authors Index Keywords Index XVII

31 Authors Index 2995

32 Authors Index Abisheva Abumiya Adham Adji Aguayo Ahan Ahmadi Ahmadi Ahokainen Al Shakarji Alfaro Almaraz , 931 Altenberger... 3 Alvani Alvayai Alvear Ammon Anderson Anming , 1313 Ante Antrekowitsch, H Anyszkiewicz Anzinger Aracena Araneda Arbizu Arellano Aromaa Arthur Artigas Aslin Asselin Atsumi Bahamondes Balladares , 1259, 1273 Baranek Bareel Barrón Barturen Bassa Basson , 1753, 1771 Bastin Basu , 2381, 2499 Baxter Bayanmunkh Beas Bednarski Begazo Behrens Beltran Bender Benke Bernhard Bhatt Björklund Blackett

33 Authors Index Bombach , 1687 Botín , 319 Brantes Brees Bronk Brouwer Bruch Bruening Bryant Buchholz Burchardt Bustos Byszyński Byun Caballero , 1095, 1273 Campbell Capanema Cardona Cartagena Cekel Chandrasekaran Chauhan , 2499 Chen, S Chen, T. T Chisakuta Chmielarz... 13, 1803 Chmielewski , 2673 Cho Chugh , 2381, 2499 Ciura Clayton Cocalia Coleman , 1079, 2517 Collao Cook Coombs Coursol Cronje Cuenca Cwolek Czernecki Daelman Dale Deaulmerie Degel Delbeke Delgado Demuth Deneys Denoël Desai Desbiens Devia Devos Dianbang Díaz, C. M , 2543 Diaz, G Díaz, M

34 Authors Index Dixon , 1909 Djurov Dominguez Dreisinger Dryga Dutrizac Dyussekenov Eberle Ebin Eckenbach Edens Eghbalnia Eklund Ekman, E Ekman, S El Jundi Ellis Emmerich Enriquez Eriksson Estelle , 191, 207, 217 Evans Fagerlund Fayram Feather Fernandez Ferreiro Fic Filzwieser, A , 1247, 1713 Filzwieser, I , 1713 Fleury Font , 1095 Ford Forsén Free , 2703, 2711 Frias Friedrich, B Fuentes Fujita Fukushima Gamweger Garycki Gaydardzhiev Gebski Gehrckens Gencer George-Kennedy , 1123, 1297, 2415 Gernerth-Mautner Markhof Gerth Geveci Ghahremaninezhad Girouard Gizicki Goffinet Gómez González A González, P González, S

35 Authors Index Gostyński Grasser... 49, 65 Green Gregory Griez Grossmann Gunnewiek Gupta Gurmen Gutiérrez , 2988 Habashi Hannemann Hansen , 2988 Hanusch Hao Hapçı Hartingh Hartmann Hashikawa Hashimoto Häuser Hayes , 761, 811, 1297 He Hebner Hecker , 2747 Heferen Hein Henao , 761 Hernández, B Hernández, C Hernandez, L Herrándiz Herrera, E Herrera, L Hessling Hidayat Hinrichs-Petersen , 561 Hirai Hiroyoshi Hisahi Hiskey , 1463 Hoffmeister Hojda Holleis Hong Horbach Hoshi Houbart House Hufschmidt Hughe Hundrieser Hyde Iida Ishmurzin Ito Iwahori Izatt, N. E

36 Authors Index Izatt, S. R Jacobsen Jåfs Jak , 761, 793, 811, 1297 Jara D Jara, H Johnston Jones Joshi Joy Jun , 1313 Jung Jurovitzki Juszczyk Kalisch Kamenetzky Kamiya Kapusta Kashefipour Kassebaum Kato Kaur Kawakita Kawanaka Kawecki , 155 Kelebek Khandelwal , 2499 Kiani Kim King Kiyotani Klymowsky Knecht Knorr Knych , 137, 155 Kobayashi Köhler Kojima Kokourine Komori Koncik Kondoh Konetschnik Konishi Kopyto Korpi Kosaka Köster Kozhakhmetov Kramer Krawiec... 13, 669 Krieglstein Krystkowiakv Kubo Kück Kudełko Kumar Kumaresan

37 Authors Index Kunze Kuwazawa Kvyatkovskiy Kwaśniewski , 155 Lankinen Larinkari Lee, S. G Lee, S. M Leon Leszczyńska-Sejda Leuprecht Li, S Li, Z Lillo Lin Lindgren Litwinionek Llorca López, C , 931 Łoś Lu Lübbe Ludwig... 49, 65 Łukomska Lundström Luszczkiewicz Lyu Maccagni Mackay Mackey , 945 Maldonado Malec Malek Mamala , 137, 155 Manafi , 2575 Mańka Mansikkaviita Mariscal Martin Martínez, M Martínez, E Mathur Matsumoto Matusewicz Mayhew McKenna , 987 Meichi , 1313 Mejias Mejías J Mena Menge Meskers Meyer-Wulf Michels , 191, 207, 217 Miczkowski Miettinen Miki , 1753 Minnaar

38 Authors Index Mishra Moats , 1367, 1379, 1483 Möller Money Montes Morales Moran , 191, 207, 217 Morgenstern Morimitsu Motomura Moyano , 1095 Muller Müller... 3 Murray Muthuraman Nagai , 1521 Nagaraj Nakamura Nakano Narita Naumann Nees Nematollahi Newman , 987 Nexhip , 1297, 2327, 2415 Nicol , 1559, 1699, 1737, 1753, 1771 Nieminen Nikoloski Nikus Nisbett Nuñez Ogi Okada Olguín Orhan Orr Oshiumi Ospanov Oterdoom Oue Özdeniz Padilla , 2443 Palacios, J Palacios, M , 1173 Palmu Pankewitz Parada, F , 1273, Parada, R Parhar Park Parra , 2637 Partington Patzelt Paulitsch Peacey Peart Peippo Pérez, O ,

39 Authors Index Pérez, C Perkins Pesl Ping Plascencia , 931 Plewka Polfliet Ponce , 2189 Poplar Potesser Potulska Poulin Prayoga Prengaman Pyra Raabe Raaber Rameshni Ramírez Rana Ranasinghe Ranjbar , 2575 Rantala, A Rantala, J Ravishankar Reed Reeves Reghezza Renner Reuter, M. A Reyes Riedle... 49, 65 Ríos Riquelme Risopatron Riveros Robinson , 1617, 1635 Robles Robles-Vega Rodríguez Rojas, F , 1095 Rojas, N Ronsyn Rooyen, van Rosales , 1095 Roth Roux Ruhs Ruimin Ruiz , 2443 Rüşen Russell, M Russell, R Sachajdak Sadri Safe Saitoh Sakala

40 Authors Index Salgado Salomon de Friedberg, S Salomon-de-Friedberg, H Samei Sánchez Sánchez-Corrales Sandoval , 1635 Santo Sarswat Sarvinis Sasai Sato Schaffie , 2575 Schillinger Schlitt Schlutzkus Schmid Schneider Schuhmacher Schwarz Scriba Shah , 2499 Shameli Shibata Shibayama Shimokawa Shin Shuto Śmieszek , 669 Smith, A Smith, D Smyrak Snowdon Sobociński Soderstrom Sohn Soto Spoljaric Staley Stantke Stelter, M , 1687 Stodulski Stoilov Ströder Stuart Subiabre Sue Yek Sun Sunyer Suontaka SuPing Szczygieł Takahashi Takasaki Takehara Talja Tanaka Thakre , 2381,

41 Authors Index Tiroi Tjandrawan Toda Tohn Tomioka Tongamp Topkaya Torres Torsner Tsunekawa Tsymbulov Tumen-Ulzii Tuuppa Twidwell Uhrie Ulloa Umeda Unger Urbanowski Utigard Vargas Veenstra , 987 Vega Velásquez-Yévenes , 1753 Vera Vermeiren Villafañe Villar, del Villavicencio Viñals Virtanen Voermann , 987 Wada Walck Walker Walkowicz Wang Warczok Watanabe Wei Weiqun Wenzl , 1247, 1713 Westhoff Wierzbicki (Marchewka) Wilbrand Wilkomirsky , 1273 Willbrandt Wilson Wódka Wood Woodling Wraith Wu Xie Yamaguchi, K Yamaguchi, Y Yamamoto Yañez

42 Authors Index Yunxiao Zagorodnyaya Zambika Zamorano Zárate Zauner Zauter... 3 Zavala Zeidabadi Zekovic Zeng Zhang Zhao , 1297 Zhi Zhixiang Zhuo , 1313 Zimba Zúñiga

43 Keywords Index 3009

44 Keywords Index 3D-model , D-drawing abandonment AC + DC acid consumption , 2711 acid mist , 1271, 1617, 2137 acid treatment acidophilic thermophile acoustic emission acousto ultrasonic-echo (AU-E) additives African Copperbelt Ag-Se-O chemical potential diagram alkaline media alunite ammonium perrhenate amorphous coating annular jet anode , 1617, 1635 anode behavior anode furnace anode passivation , 1463, 1495 anode quality anode refining anode slime anode slimes , 2159 anode spacing anodes , 1699 anodic deposition anodic polarization antimicrobial , 191, 207, 217 antimony , 1599 arsen arsenic , 1495, 1783, 2071, , 2947, 517 arsenic removal As ASR treatment Ausmelt Top Submerged Lance (TSL) automated production baffle design base metals basic theory bath slopping bath smelting BB05xi BB bendability beneficiation bio leaching bioleaching bismuth... 89, 255, 1495, 1599 bismuth removal black shales bleed treatment boiler tube

45 Keywords Index bottle roll tests bronze... 81, 255 bronzes... 3 bubble size control bubble size distribution bubble size measurement buoyancy power business optimization by-product treatment C C cables audio-video calcium ferrite slag , 1297 campaign life , 987 campaign life CaO capital cast cooling element castability cast-in pipe coils casting... 65, 721 cathode cathode production capacity cathode quality , 1413, 1635 cathodes cement centrifuge CESL CFD , 1003, CFD design CFD modeling CFD simulation CFD-simulation chalcopyrite , 1737,1753, 1771, , 1845,1909, 1959, , 2753, 2765, 2781 channel induction furnace Chile , 1213 Chilean copper industry chloride , 1753, 1771, 1857 chloride leaching chloride media chlorination chronopotentiometry Clyde CO CO 2 emissions cobalt cobalt refinery CoJet process colemanite column tests combustion accelerated community engagement compressed air computation concentrate , 2517 concentrate blending concentrate burner

46 Keywords Index condition monitoring connector consumption continous casting continuous converting contirod Contirod convergent divergent nozzle converter slag converters converting , 2543 conveying cooling cooling media cooling system cooling technology cooling water copper... 31, 271, 285, 301, 365, 379, 425, , 517, 533, 561, 615, 631, , 721, 749, 761, 793, 863, , 1259, 1281, 1327, 1345, , 1483, 1531, 1545, 1559, , 1599, 1649, 1675, 1713, , 1845, 1871, 1899, 1925, , 2039, 2071, 2433, 2543, , 2673, 2693, 2737, , 2873, 2897, 2935 copper alloys... 81, 185, 191, 207, 217 copper business copper cathode copper concentrate , 1183, 1725, , 2747 copper concentrates , 1013, 1273 copper concentrator copper converting , 1297 copper cooler copper demand copper electrorefining , 1367, 1437, , 1687 copper electrowinning , 1585 copper extraction technology copper fabrication copper global production copper industry copper infiltration copper losses copper losses to slag copper market copper material properties copper matte , 1287 copper matte smelting copper mine projects copper nanoparticles copper ores , 2655, 2859 copper production copper recovery , 1095, 2029, 2781 copper refining , 1941, 2397 copper refining electrolysis copper resources copper rod copper rod plasticity examination by AR test

47 Keywords Index copper sector copper selenide copper slag copper smelter copper smelting copper solvent extraction copper telluride copper trade copper white metal copper-cobalt concentrate corrosion , 1593, 1857 cost effective cost escalation cost function cost reduction , 2369 cost saving costs crane operation critical blast flow rate CRT crucible melting furnace crud treatment crystalline Cu-40Zn brass CuAg CuAg Cu-ETP CuFe 2 P CuMg CuMn20Ni Cu-OFE cupric ion leaching current , 1355, 1449, 1521, 1687, 1713 current efficiency , 1649, 1687, 1713 CuSn cyanide cyclone reactor data interoperability decopperized anode slime smelting development , 721, 1233, 1247 diamond direct current direct emissions direct to blister furnace discourse communities distribution distribution coefficient distribution ratio of minor elements doré matte refining doré metal refining dryer dust dust emissions dusting rate dynamic modeling ecobronze economic Ecuprex

48 Keywords Index EE-core efficiency EIS electric furnace electric home appliances electro-chemical electrochemical dissolution electrochemical potential electrochemistry electrolysis electrolyte electrolyte composition electrolyte temperature electrolyte treatment electrolytic electrolytic copper electrolytic copper powder electrorefining , 1531, 1675, 1713 electrorefining process electrowinning , 1253, 1281, 1355, , 1483, 1545, 1559, , 1635, 1649, 1699, , 1973, 2137, 2189 emission emissions , 649 enargite , 1783, 1983, 2883 energy , 561, 649, 713, 1617, 1635, 2543 energy efficiency , 271, 2117 energy optimization energy saving , 831, 1449, 1511, 2369 energy saving engineering design environment , 533, 561, 577, 721, 2543 environment protection environmental engineering environmental impact environmental improvement environmental preservation environmental protection EPMA , 1297 ethyl xanthate EU regulations evaporation excellence exhaust gas system expansion experimental experimental estimation extraction , 1259, 2721 ferric arsenate ferric sulphate leaching ferrous oxidation Finite Element Analysis (FEA) fire refining flameless combustion flash dryer flash furnace flash smelting , 699, 1313, 2381, 2415 flash smelting furnace , 879,

49 Keywords Index flash smelting process flotation , 2433, 2589, 2655, , 2845, 2859 flotation column control flotation reagents optimization flow conditions fluid bed fluid flow fluidization flux fluxes forging freezing line frit-and-sleeve sparger froth flotation fugitive emission fugitive emissions , 2971 furnace campaign life furnace inspection furnace integrity , 987 gas cleaning gas flow , 1003 gas sparging gas-gas cooler gas-solid glue gold , 1393, 1403, 1783 granulation graphite particles grinding , 2621 gypsum hardrock mining harvesting plan Hatch furnace technology head grade health heap leach heap leach modeling heap leaching hearth accretion heat and mass balance heat loss heat recovery , 1003 heat transfer heat treatment heavy metals heavy oil consumption high current density , 1675 high pressure grinding rolls high speed flow high speed pressure measurement high-arsenic historic R+D history hospital superbugs hospital-acquired infection , 217 HPGR , 2873 Hybrid flotation

50 Keywords Index HydroCopper hydrogen reduction hydrogen sulfide hydrometallurgical , 1871 hydrometallurgy , 1783, 1845, 2017, , 2189, 2693, 2737 image analysis IMC control impact implementation improvement , 699, 713, 1213, 1413 improvements impure anodes impurities , 1463, 1663, impurities in cathode copper impurity management indirect emissions indoor air quality induction casting induction melting inductive heating industrial test inertization infection control information system infrared injection innovation intensified smelting process investment ion exchange ionic liquids iron iron-silicate slag ISA ISA process ISASMELT TM , 749, 907, 1327 ITER... 3 jacket Kayser Recycling System (KRS) kimberlite Konkola Copper Mines k-ε turbulence model , 2499 La Coipa mine laboratory practices testing labour productivity lance leaching , 1585, 1725, 1737, 1753, 1771, , 1973, 1983, 1999, 2029, , 2655, 2721, 2753, 2897 lead , 863, 1699 lead anodes lead free brass lead removal lead-free liberation , 2859 lime , 2765 limestone liquidus