Final Project RSA Secure Chat Server CSC 290 Warren Fong
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1 Final Project RSA Secure Chat Server CSC 290 Warren Fong Abstract Chat servers today are readily available and very useful in conversing with people that might be close by or far away. Internet chat services like AOL provide the convenience of conversing with people in real time. This service provides a host of possibilities for work, school, and connectivity. Unfortunately these widely available chat services do not provide protection/privacy of what is being sent through the chat servers. The objective of this project is to build a secure chat server utilizing Public Key encryption to send secure chat messages across the internet. Benefits of Chat Service Allows for "instant" communications between people. Use of the real time chat over the Internet can eliminate costly long distance charges. Ability to stay in contact with people who you normally never see. Allows for quick questions and quick responses. Negatives of Chat Service Potential security/privacy problems of these Instant Messaging programs. Chat in most instances are routed through a server system where the service is provided and that is a single point where all messages can be intercepted. Chat programs can provide an open avenue of attack for hackers, crackers, spies and thieves. eavesdrop: intercept messages actively insert messages into connection removing sender or receiver, inserting himself in place Sample Chat Packet <message from= John to= Jane' id='message1'> <thread>thread1</thread> <body>how are you?</body> </message> Because the message is in plain text it is easily interpreted. This means if it were intercepted it would be easy for someone to eavesdrop on the conversation between John and Jane.
2 Implemented Solution Utilize public key encryption to securely transmit messages between users. Encrypt each message with public key of target recipient. Since chat messages are normally not long, it requires less processing time for the program to encrypt the message. Digitally sign every message Positives - Very secure message exchange - Interception can happen but the interceptor can not decipher the message. - Insertion of data can happen but the digital signature ensures that message is authentic. Negatives - Much slower then symmetric encryption methods, however since messages are relatively short. The difference between the times is negligible. - Much more hassle to encrypt and decrypt messages. - Can be subject to man in the middle attack Comparison of Public Key Algorithms Diffie Hellman Key Exchange discrete logarithms ~500K 32-bit multiplies / operation for first operation and then speed of symmetric key utilized. 5 step process for Symmetric Algorithm Decryption /Decryption Symmetric Algorithm - 2 nd fastest of the three - Eventually will be cracked by quantum computing - More processes needed for implementation NTRU Lattices 5 µs / operation 3 step process for Decryption - Fastest of the three - Can not be cracked by quantum computing. - Requires twice the amount of space/bandwidth to maintain security and information than RSA and Diffie Hellman. - Not fully proved to be impossible to crack. - Industry does not have wide trust for algorithm yet. RSA integer factorization ~500K 32-bit multiplies / operation for first operation 3 step process for Decryption - Slowest - Eventually will be cracked by quantum computing - Utilizes public key for all messages not just key. - Fully secure for all data - Less processes for
3 Secure Chat Protocol 2 Clients connect to a server Once connected, each client generates their public and private keys locally. The public key sent to the server and is set so when a user clicks their name any messages sent will be encrypted with that public key. The private key remains only in the client program. When message is sent out, the client program downloads the public key and encrypts the intended message and then applies the digital signature which is created with the private key and then sends the encrypted message out. When the packet is received by the specified person, the client program automatically applies the private key on the text and outputs the message so that the user can see it decrypted and then double checks the digital signature with the public key. Once completed with each step we have ly transmitted a secure message. Security Threats with Secure Chat Protocol Man in the middle attack Although this protocol provides message security it still does not provide protection against faking to be the person client is taking to.
4 Keywords Chat Servers Public Key Secure Chat Internet Chat Networks Process Utilizing the chat protocol above I created a Java chat program that ly communicates securely. The RSA algorithm was utilized in encrypting and decrypting the small messages sent between users. The secure chat program allows for two users to connect to the server and encrypts messages with each other s public keys. How to run program: Compile the following java files: ChatClient.java ChatServer.java ChatServerThread.java ChatClientThread.java Rsa.java Then start the server with following line: java ChatServer 1024 Once server is up, open chat.htm and the chatclient applet should appear. Type name in text box and click connect. Open another chat.htm and connect another user to the server. Once both connected, type messages to each other securely. Working Secure chat between only two people. Server can only store 2 public keys. Transmission of secure messages. Generation of public and private keys for RSA. Automatic encrypt and decrypt of messages. Not working Chat between more than 2 people. Digital signature check.
5 The following is exactly what happens when a user connects to the server. 1 st user enters name and clicks connect. Public key generated Private key generated Public key is sent to the server Private key remains on client 2 nd user enters name and clicks connect. Public key generated Private key generated Public key is sent to the server Private key remains on client 1 st user types a message and clicks send. Message is displayed encrypted with 2 nd users public key. Message is also displayed with Decrypted: (some garbage because the private key applied is not the right key to applied to 2 nd users public key.) 2 nd users screen displays encrypted message sent by 1 st user. 2 nd users screen also displays Decrypted: (message decrypted with proper key). Since the message was intended for the 2 nd user, the private key of the 2 nd user was the correct key applied to the decryption function. So the output is in readable plain text. 2 nd user types a message and clicks send. Message is displayed encrypted with 1 st users public key. Message is also displayed with Decrypted: (some garbage because the private key applied is not the right key to applied to 1 st users public key.) 1 st users screen displays encrypted message sent by 2 nd user. 1 st users screen also displays Decrypted: (message decrypted with proper key). Since the message was intended for the 1 st user, the private key of the 1 st user was the correct key applied to the decryption function. So the output is in readable plain text. Success!!! Secure message transaction completed ly.
6 References Basic Information on Public Keys and the OpenPGP Standard Diffie, W., and Hellman, M.E., New Directions in Cryptography, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 22, no. 6, November 1976, pp Garret, Paul. Making, Breaking Codes: An Introduction to Cryptology. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2001 Hoffstein, Jeffery, Pipher, Jill and Silverman, Joseph H. NTRU: A Public Key Cryptosystem. August Kurose, James F., Ross, Keith W., Computer Networking: A top Down Approach Featuring the Internet. 2 nd edition. Addison Wesley Mollin, Richard A., RSA and public-key cryptography. Boca Raton, Fla.: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2003.
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